,,,
һ
- 721423.001
2011
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
:
1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. ;
6. ;
7. .
1.
- , ( , , .) ; , , -; , , ; .
2.
. , .
14.205-83 , , , .
1. :
- ;
- . : , , , , , ..
==1
2. :
- ;
- .
=1
, =1.
3. :
- , ;
- , .
=1.
4. :
- , ;
- .
=0,
.. .
5. :
- ;
- ( (), , (), , , , , ).
= 1-= 0,74
6. :
- ;
- .
= 0,7
7. :
- ;
- .
=1
8. :
;
- ;
- ;
n .
=
=
9.
;
- ;
- ( Ra);
n .
:
- , ;
- , ,
3,11 >3 , .. .
3.
:
: , ; 40;
Rz100;
.
7505-89 : , , , .
1. ( 1- 1 5- 5). ( ) 7505-89.
4.
2. : 1- 0,35% 2%; 2- 0,35...0,65% 2...5%; 3- 0,65% 5%.
2.
3. =Gn/G
Gn - () ;
G (_ , .
G=πRh
G= 3,14*4,2*77,5*7,8= 33483 = 33,5
G=3,14*2,5*18,7*7,8+3,14*3,25*20,1*7,8+3,14*4,2*9,2*7,8+3,14*3,25* *8,5*7,8+3,14*2,5*20,1*7,8= 17312,7 = 17,3
==0,52
0,31<0,52<063 2.
2.
4.
17,3 , 2, 2 4 16.
16.
, .
( )=2,4.
6. . .
= 3,2 (+2,4; -1,2).
7. . . , , , , . . , .
( ) = 3-5
8.
R=5
R= 3* R=3*5=15
4.
:
N=4000
m=3
β=5-7%
2
N= Nm(1+β/100)=12600
F=4029
3.1108-74 , , , .
=∑/∑
∑ ; .
14.004-74, : =0,11,0; 1≤ ≤10; =1020; =20-40, >40.
, - . , .
N | , | ϕ | , | m p | P | η .. | |||
1 |
0,17dl10 |
11 | 1,36 | 14,96 | 0,97 | 1 | 0,97 | 1 | |
2 |
0,1dl10 |
6,5 | 1,36 | 8,84 | 0,57 | 1 | 0,57 | 2 | |
3 |
7l10 |
0,973 | 1,51 | 1,47 | 0,095 | 1 | 0,095 | 9 | |
4 |
0,15dl10 |
9,77 | 1,55 | 15,14 | 0,98 | 1 | 0,98 | 1 | |
5 |
2,2Db10 |
17 | 1,27 | 21,59 | 1,4 | 2 | 0,7 | 2 |
1) d-
l-
=84,05*775*0,17*10=11
ϕ =1,36
= * ϕ =11*1,36=14,96
mp =N* /(60* F* η ..)=12600*14,96/(60*4029*0,8)=0,97
η ..=0,8
=1
η .. =mp/=0,97
= η ../ η ..=0,8/0,97=0,82~1
2) d-
l-
=84,05*775*0,1*10=6,5
ϕ =1,36
= * ϕ =6,5*1,36=8,84
mp =N* /(60* F* η ..)=12600*8,84/(60*4029*0,8)=0,57
η ..=0,8
=1
η .. =mp/=0,57
= η ../ η ..=0,8/0,57=1,4~2
3) ) l- ,
l = 82+57=139
=7*139*10=0,973
ϕ =1,51
= 0,973 *1,51 =1,47
mp =1,47* 0,065=0,095
η ..=0,8
=1
η .. =0,095/1=0,095
=0,8/ 0,095=8,42~9
4) d-
l-
=0,15*84,05*775*10=9,77
ϕ =1,55
= * ϕ =9,77*1,55=15,14
mp =N* /(60* F* η ..)=15,4*0,065=0,98
η ..=0,8
=1
η .. =0,98/1=0,98
= η ../ η ..=0,8/0,0,98=0,82~1
5)D- ,
l-
=2,2*84,05*92*10=17
ϕ =1,27
= * ϕ =17*1,27=21,59
mp =N* /(60* F* η ..)=21,59*0,065=1,4
η ..=0,8
=2
η .. =1,4/2=0,7
= η ../ η ..=0,8/0,7=1,14~2
=∑/∑=15/6=2,5
:
5.
:
: 40
: Ra=12,5
:
: - 1620
:
: 156
: φ=90, ɤ=10, λ=0-5
1)
t=2,4*0,6=1,44 (60% )
2)
S=0,6-1,2 /
3)
S=1 /
4)
=60
5) V
V=/
=1
m=0,20
x=0,15
=340
V=/
6) n
n=/
n=534,3 /
7)
n=500 /
8)
V=/
V==132 /
9)
P=10*C*t
C=300
x=1
y=0,75
n=-0,15
K=1
P=10*300*1,44*1*132*1=2073,6
10) , N
N= ===4,47
11)
N*n=10*0,75=7,5
N≤ N*n
4,47˂7,5 →
12) L
L= L+ L+ L=809+2+2=813
L=2
L=2
L=187+201+92+9,5+7,5=497
13) T
T ==0,994
14) T
T=0,23+(0,01+0,15)+(0,18+0,22+0,16)=0,95
15) T
T = T +T =0,994+0,95=1,944
16) T
T ===0,025
17) T+ T
T+ T==0,058
18) T
T =1,944+0.025+0,058=2,027
19) T-
T- =4+9+2+2+2,5+0,8+6,5+0,3+0,15+0,5=27,75
20) , :
t, |
S, / |
n, / |
V, / |
Pz, |
N, |
T, |
T, |
T-, |
1,44 | 1 | 500 | 132 | 2073,6 | 4,47 | 0,994 | 2,027 | 27,75 |
- .
-, . :
- =1
- =1,
- =1
- =0, ..
- =0,74
- =0,7
- =1
- =0,92
- =0,88
, 3,11, 3, .
, :
- =4
- =2
- =2
- =16
- =2,4
- = 3,2(+2,4;-1,2)
- ( ) =3-5
:
- N=4000
- m=3
- β=5-7%
- 2
- N= Nm(1+β/100)=12600
- F=4029
: .
. , :
t, |
S, / |
n, / |
V, / |
Pz, |
N, |
T, |
T, |
T-, |
1,44 | 1 | 500 | 132 | 2073,6 | 4,47 | 0,994 | 2,027 | 27,75 |
1. .. .: .: , 1991. 247.
2. .. , , 1990.
3. .. , 1983., .256
4. . 2- ./ . .. , .. , .. , .. . 5- ., . .: , 2003.
5. ( ): / .. , .. , .. . .: , 1986-480.
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