. , , ,

,,,

10- — ,


:

: 10-

 


 

 


 

IX. 10- . = 400 , , , = 4000 , , , F = 40 ², ηg = lg/(lp+l) = 1/4. tp1 = 40 C,

85 C. W 1 = 70 %.

( 6).

:

Gp 1 = 690 ;

X = 3 %;

t0 = 25 C;

φ0 = 75 %;

τ1 = 1800 ;

Vp = 3,2 ³/;

t2 = 52 C;

X2 = 0,028 /;

V0 = 0,56 ³/;

t1 = 80 C;

tp1 = 40 C.

:

X = 28 %;

t0 = 25 C;

φ0 = 75 %;

τ2 = 7200 ;

t2 = 92 C;

t1 = 100 C;

X = 0,036 /;

tg = 56 C;

Xg = 0,074 /;

tp2 = 85 C.

:

Gp1 - ;

X - ;

t0,φ0 - ;

τ ;

Vp - ;

Xg,tg - ;

t2, X2 ;

V0 - ;

t1,X , ;

t1 - ;

tp1 - ;

tp2 - .


. , .

, . , , , .

, .

, , . 40 C, 80 180 C, 50 80 C.

: , , . , . 1,5 6 , .

: , , . , . 80 C ( = 333 353 ), ( = 373 423 ). .

. - .

. . , , , , .

, 1 ³ .

, 1 ³ .


 

10- 1200 120.

, , , , , . , . , , . .

: 1 , 2 , 3 . .

, .

8 4, 3 8 12. 30 80 C 30 . . , .

7. 7.

7. 7.

2, 80 140 C.

1 , , 8. ( 30 %) , .

75 C 2- . 3. 6. . 1 8. 2 . 45 . 3 10, 4,6 , .

.

1. , .

1 ;

2

; 3 ().

3 1- .

( 4).

1 , ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 .

4 2- .

-

;

;

;

ђ .

5 .

10- = const, .

.


1.

.

1- .

-.

X - :

X = (V0X0 + VX2 )/( V0 + V), (1.1)

V0 - ;

X0 - (

-);

V - ;

X2 - .

- ( 5) . X ( = 110 /; t = 47 C).

, Δ/l, Δ/l ( Δ/l ) X = const. 1 .

= const, 1, X = const, , .

80 C. :

Δ = q + Ct1 - (q + q + q), (1.2)

q = [((Gp1 W1)/ τ1) (C2 (t2 - t1))]/W1, (1.3)

q = ((Σ )/ τ1) C (t2 - t1)/W1, (1.4)

q = Q/ W1 = [Fα(t - t) ]/W1, (1.5)

q = ( / τ1 )[C (t1 - t2)]/W1, (1.6)

C = 4180 /(C) ;

t1 = 40 C - ;

Gp1 = 690 ;

W1 , ,

W1 = Gp1Xⁿ1, (1.7)

= 400 ;

Xⁿ1 = 0,03 - ;

τ1 = 1800 1- ;

t2 = 85 C 1- ;

C2 - (3,0-3,6 /(∙C));

C = 480 /(∙C) ;

t2 - ;

t1 - ;

W1 - ,

W1 = W1 /τ1 (1.8)

F = 40 ² ;

α ,

α = 9,76 + 0,07(t - t), (1.9)

t = 52 C 1- ;

t = 25 C ;

q ;

= 4000 ;

t1 = 80 C 1- ;

t2 -

1- ;

X = (0,015 0,56 + 3,2 0,028)/(3,2 + 0,56) = 0,026 /;

W1 = 690 0,03 = 20,7 ;

W1 = 20,7/1800 = 0, 0115 /;

α = 9,76 + 0,07(52 - 25) = 11,65 /(²C);

q = [((690 20,7)/1800)(3500(85 40))]/0,0115 = 5092500 /;

q = (400/1800)480(52 - 25)/0,0115 = 250435 /;

q = 40 11,65(52 - 25)/0,0115 = 109408,7 /;

q = (4000/1800) 480(80-52)/0,0115 = 2597101 /;

Ct1 = 404180 = 167200 /;

Δ=167200+2597101-(5092500+250435+109408,7)=-2688,043 /;

l = 1/( X2 - X0), (1.10)

l = 1/(0,028 0,015) = 77 /;

Δ/l = 34,9 /;

- 1 , Δ/l, = const

X = const,

(1 = 145 /;

t1 = 77 C).

n = X X0/ X2 X, (1.11)

q = l (n + 1)( 1 - ), (1.12)

Q ,

Q = q ∙ W1 (1.13)

n = 0,026 0,015/(0,028 0,026) = 5,5;

q = 77∙(5,5 +1)(145 - 110) = 17517,5 /;

Q = 17517,5 0,0115 = 201,45 .

N = 135 . .

.

, , , 1 .

- ( Ē) ( Ē). ( 6). Ē , ¼ Ē Ē. :

= 210 /; t1 = 115 C; X = 0,034 /.

Δ = Ct2 - (q + q + q + q) (1.14)

, q , .

q = [((Gp 1 W1 - W2)/ τ2) (C2 (t2 - t1))]/W2; (1.15)

q = ((Σ )/ τ2) C (t2 - t1)/W2; (1.16)

q = Q/ W2 = [Fα(t - t) ]/W2; (1.17)

q = ( / τ2 )[C (t2 t1)]/W2; (1.18)

C - ;

t1 = 40 C - ;

Gp1 = 680 ;

W2 = 183,6 , ,

W2 = Gp1Xⁿ2, (1.19)

Xⁿ2 = 0,27 - ;

τ2 = 7000 2- ;

C2 - (3,0-3,6 /(∙C));

= 400 ;

C = 480 /(∙C) ;

t2 - ,

t2 = (t1 + t2)/2 (1.20)

t1 - ;

W2 = W2 /τ2 = 0,0268 / - ;

F = 40 ² ;

α = 9,76 + 0,07(t - t), (1.9)

t = 82 C 2- ;

t = 20 C ;

q ;

= 4000 ;

W2 = 6900,28 = 193,2 ;

t2 = (100 + 92)/2 = 96C;

q =[((690 20,7 193,2)/7200)(3500(85 - 40))]/0,0268= 387873,1 /;

q = (400/7200)480(96 - 52)/ 0,0268 = 43343,3 /;

q = 40 11,65(52 - 25)/0,0268 = 469477,6 /;

q = (4000/7200) 480(80-52)/0,0268 = 275820,9 /;

Ct2 = 854180 = 355300 /;

Δ=355300(387873,1+43343,3+469477,6+275820,9)=-821,2 /;

-. Ē X = const. f , , = const, Ē. l. fl 20 . (Δ < 0) l l.

lε = lf Δ Mx/My, (1.21)

Mx My - .

lε = 20 821,2 (0,45 10 ³/0,57).

Ē , t2 = 94 C,

,

X2 = 0,048 /.

(t0 = 25 C; φ0 = 75 %), .

l = 1/( X2 - X0), (1.10)

l = 1/(0,048 0,0115) = 27,4 /;

X = const, ,

( = 152 /; t1 = 67 C; X = 0,032).

n = X X0/ X2 X = 0,032 0,0115/(0,048 0,032) ≈ 1.3

l = (l + ln), (1.11)

q2 = l ( 1 - ), (1.12)

Q = q2 W2, (1.13)

l = 27,4 + 27,41,3 = 63 /;

q2 = 63 (210 - 152) = 3654 /;

Q = 3654 0, 0268= 97,9 .

2- .


2.

:

Lp = li (ni + 1)Wi, (2.1)

Wi -

(i=1, i =2);

ni - .

:

Lp1 = 77 (5,5 + 1) 0,0115 = 5,75 /;

:

Lp2 = 27,4 (1,3+1) 0,0268 = 1,69 /.

I:

L1 = l W1 , (2.2)

L1 = 77 0,0115 = 0,88 /.

II:

L2 = l1 W1 + nglp2 , (2.3)

ng .

L2 = 27,4 0,0268 + 2,56/4 = 1,37 /.

:

Vi = ρ (1 + x) Li , (2.4)

ρ , /³;

x ;

Li - ;

I:

V1 = 1,2047 (1 + 0,028) 5,75= 7,12 ³/;

II:

V2 = 1,2047 (1 + 0,048) 1,69 = 2,13 ³/.

 

3.

, .

:

  ;

  ;

  ;

  - ;

  ;

  .

.

:

  ;

  ;

, , , .

:

  ;

  ;

  , ;

  ;

  ;

  .

. , , .


 

1. .., .. : .: , 1991. 496 .

2. .. . .: , 1961 624 .

3. .. . - : 1991 122.

4. ..

:

. . 2- ., .: . .,

1980 223 .

5. .. , - .: 1987 160 .

6. .. - .: 1982 88 .

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :