,,,
:
: 10-
IX. 10- . = 400 , , , = 4000 , , , F = 40 ², ηg = lg/(lp+l) = 1/4. tp1 = 40 C,
85 C. W 1 = 70 %.
( 6).
:
Gp 1 = 690 ;
X = 3 %;
t0 = 25 C;
φ0 = 75 %;
τ1 = 1800 ;
Vp = 3,2 ³/;
t2 = 52 C;
X2 = 0,028 /;
V0 = 0,56 ³/;
t1 = 80 C;
tp1 = 40 C.
:
X = 28 %;
t0 = 25 C;
φ0 = 75 %;
τ2 = 7200 ;
t2 = 92 C;
t1 = 100 C;
X = 0,036 /;
tg = 56 C;
Xg = 0,074 /;
tp2 = 85 C.
:
Gp1 - ;
X - ;
t0,φ0 - ;
τ ;
Vp - ;
Xg,tg - ;
t2, X2 ;
V0 - ;
t1,X , ;
t1 - ;
tp1 - ;
tp2 - .
. , .
, . , , , .
, .
, , . 40 C, 80 180 C, 50 80 C.
: , , . , . 1,5 6 , .
: , , . , . 80 C ( = 333 353 ), ( = 373 423 ). .
. - .
. . , , , , .
, 1 ³ .
, 1 ³ .
10- 1200 120.
, , , , , . , . , , . .
: 1 , 2 , 3 . .
, .
8 4, 3 8 12. 30 80 C 30 . . , .
7. 7.
7. 7.
2, 80 140 C.
1 , , 8. ( 30 %) , .
75 C 2- . 3. 6. . 1 8. 2 . 45 . 3 10, 4,6 , .
.
1. , .
1 ;
2
; 3 ().
3 1- .
( 4).
1 , ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 .
4 2- .
-
;
;
;
ђ .
5 .
10- = const, .
.
1.
.
1- .
-.
X - :
X = (V0X0 + VX2 )/( V0 + V), (1.1)
V0 - ;
X0 - (
-);
V - ;
X2 - .
- ( 5) . X ( = 110 /; t = 47 C).
, Δ/l, Δ/l ( Δ/l ) X = const. 1 .
= const, 1, X = const, , .
80 C. :
Δ = q + Ct1 - (q + q + q), (1.2)
q = [((Gp1 W1)/ τ1) (C2 (t2 - t1))]/W1, (1.3)
q = ((Σ )/ τ1) C (t2 - t1)/W1, (1.4)
q = Q/ W1 = [Fα(t - t) ]/W1, (1.5)
q = ( / τ1 )[C (t1 - t2)]/W1, (1.6)
C = 4180 /(C) ;
t1 = 40 C - ;
Gp1 = 690 ;
W1 , ,
W1 = Gp1Xⁿ1, (1.7)
= 400 ;
Xⁿ1 = 0,03 - ;
τ1 = 1800 1- ;
t2 = 85 C 1- ;
C2 - (3,0-3,6 /(∙C));
C = 480 /(∙C) ;
t2 - ;
t1 - ;
W1 - ,
W1 = W1 /τ1 (1.8)
F = 40 ² ;
α ,
α = 9,76 + 0,07(t - t), (1.9)
t = 52 C 1- ;
t = 25 C ;
q ;
= 4000 ;
t1 = 80 C 1- ;
t2 -
1- ;
X = (0,015 0,56 + 3,2 0,028)/(3,2 + 0,56) = 0,026 /;
W1 = 690 0,03 = 20,7 ;
W1 = 20,7/1800 = 0, 0115 /;
α = 9,76 + 0,07(52 - 25) = 11,65 /(²C);
q = [((690 20,7)/1800)(3500(85 40))]/0,0115 = 5092500 /;
q = (400/1800)480(52 - 25)/0,0115 = 250435 /;
q = 40 11,65(52 - 25)/0,0115 = 109408,7 /;
q = (4000/1800) 480(80-52)/0,0115 = 2597101 /;
Ct1 = 404180 = 167200 /;
Δ=167200+2597101-(5092500+250435+109408,7)=-2688,043 /;
l = 1/( X2 - X0), (1.10)
l = 1/(0,028 0,015) = 77 /;
Δ/l = 34,9 /;
- 1 , Δ/l, = const
X = const,
(1 = 145 /;
t1 = 77 C).
n = X X0/ X2 X, (1.11)
q = l (n + 1)( 1 - ), (1.12)
Q ,
Q = q ∙ W1 (1.13)
n = 0,026 0,015/(0,028 0,026) = 5,5;
q = 77∙(5,5 +1)(145 - 110) = 17517,5 /;
Q = 17517,5 0,0115 = 201,45 .
N = 135 . .
.
, , , 1 .
- ( Ē) ( Ē). ( 6). Ē , ¼ Ē Ē. :
= 210 /; t1 = 115 C; X = 0,034 /.
Δ = Ct2 - (q + q + q + q) (1.14)
, q , .
q = [((Gp 1 W1 - W2)/ τ2) (C2 (t2 - t1))]/W2; (1.15)
q = ((Σ )/ τ2) C (t2 - t1)/W2; (1.16)
q = Q/ W2 = [Fα(t - t) ]/W2; (1.17)
q = ( / τ2 )[C (t2 t1)]/W2; (1.18)
C - ;
t1 = 40 C - ;
Gp1 = 680 ;
W2 = 183,6 , ,
W2 = Gp1Xⁿ2, (1.19)
Xⁿ2 = 0,27 - ;
τ2 = 7000 2- ;
C2 - (3,0-3,6 /(∙C));
= 400 ;
C = 480 /(∙C) ;
t2 - ,
t2 = (t1 + t2)/2 (1.20)
t1 - ;
W2 = W2 /τ2 = 0,0268 / - ;
F = 40 ² ;
α = 9,76 + 0,07(t - t), (1.9)
t = 82 C 2- ;
t = 20 C ;
q ;
= 4000 ;
W2 = 6900,28 = 193,2 ;
t2 = (100 + 92)/2 = 96C;
q =[((690 20,7 193,2)/7200)(3500(85 - 40))]/0,0268= 387873,1 /;
q = (400/7200)480(96 - 52)/ 0,0268 = 43343,3 /;
q = 40 11,65(52 - 25)/0,0268 = 469477,6 /;
q = (4000/7200) 480(80-52)/0,0268 = 275820,9 /;
Ct2 = 854180 = 355300 /;
Δ=355300(387873,1+43343,3+469477,6+275820,9)=-821,2 /;
-. Ē X = const. f , , = const, Ē. l. fl 20 . (Δ < 0) l l.
lε = lf Δ Mx/My, (1.21)
Mx My - .
lε = 20 821,2 (0,45 10 ³/0,57).
Ē , t2 = 94 C,
,
X2 = 0,048 /.
(t0 = 25 C; φ0 = 75 %), .
l = 1/( X2 - X0), (1.10)
l = 1/(0,048 0,0115) = 27,4 /;
X = const, ,
( = 152 /; t1 = 67 C; X = 0,032).
n = X X0/ X2 X = 0,032 0,0115/(0,048 0,032) ≈ 1.3
l = (l + ln), (1.11)
q2 = l ( 1 - ), (1.12)
Q = q2 W2, (1.13)
l = 27,4 + 27,41,3 = 63 /;
q2 = 63 (210 - 152) = 3654 /;
Q = 3654 0, 0268= 97,9 .
2- .
2.
:
Lp = li (ni + 1)Wi, (2.1)
Wi -
(i=1, i =2);
ni - .
:
Lp1 = 77 (5,5 + 1) 0,0115 = 5,75 /;
:
Lp2 = 27,4 (1,3+1) 0,0268 = 1,69 /.
I:
L1 = l W1 , (2.2)
L1 = 77 0,0115 = 0,88 /.
II:
L2 = l1 W1 + nglp2 , (2.3)
ng .
L2 = 27,4 0,0268 + 2,56/4 = 1,37 /.
:
Vi = ρ (1 + x) Li , (2.4)
ρ , /³;
x ;
Li - ;
I:
V1 = 1,2047 (1 + 0,028) 5,75= 7,12 ³/;
II:
V2 = 1,2047 (1 + 0,048) 1,69 = 2,13 ³/.
3.
, .
:
;
;
;
- ;
;
.
.
:
;
;
, , , .
:
;
;
, ;
;
;
.
. , , .
1. .., .. : .: , 1991. 496 .
2. .. . .: , 1961 624 .
3. .. . - : 1991 122.
4. ..
:
. . 2- ., .: . .,
1980 223 .
5. .. , - .: 1987 160 .
6. .. - .: 1982 88 .
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