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DHCP. - — ,

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. . 2009


1. DHCP

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6 -

1.7

1.8 DHCP

2. -

2.1 Internet/intranet -

2.2

2.3 Internet

2.4


1. DHCP

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC-2131, - 2132, - 2485, - 2563, - 2610, - 2855, - 2937, - 2939, - 3004, - 3011, - 3046, - 3942, - 4030, - 4039; [22], [23], [24] [25]) , . DHCP : DHCP- . DHCP , - (BOOTP), - , . IP-. DHCP -, DHCP- . DHCP-, . IP- . IP- , . , . DHCP IP-. " ", DHCP IP-. " ", DHCP IP- . " ", IP- , DHCP .


1.1

DHCP DHCP , RFC Host Requirements. DHCP , DHCP . DHCP , , IP-. DHCP DNS [12, 13]. DHCP .

1.2

DHCP:

1. DHCP , . DHCP , .

2. . .

3. . , - .

4. DHCP .

5. DHCP . DHCP-, .

6. DHCP , .

7. DHCP BOOTP-, RFC-951 RFC-1542 [21].

8. DHCP BOOTP.

DHCP :

1. , DHCP .

2. DHCP DHCP-. DHCP , , (, ).

3. DHCP- , , , DHCP- .

4. , .

5. .

1.3

, DHCP BOOTP. BOOTP- DHCP- . RFC-1542 [2] BOOTP - DHCP- [9]. , , DHCP- ( 3 4). .1 DHCP, 1 . . DHCP BOOTP. -, DHCP , , . -, DHCP , . DHCP , . "vendor extensions" BOOTP "" DHCP. , , BOOTP "vendor extensions", " ", "".


.1. DHCP

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
op (1) htype (1) hlen (1) (1)
xid (4)
secs (2) (2)
ciaddr (4)
yiaddr (4)
siaddr (4)
giaddr (4)
chaddr (16)
sname (64)
(128)
( )

DHCP 'client identifier', DHCP . 'chaddr' BOOTP, 'chaddr' BOOTP, . , ; , , , 'chaddr', , DNS-. , DHCP , , . , , . DHCP 'siaddr' . DHCP- 'siaddr', (, ). DHCP- 'server identifier'. 1.

1. DHCP

op 1 / .
1 = BOOTREQUEST, 2 = BOOTREPLY
htype 1 , ARP RFC "Assigned Numbers"; , '1' 10 Ethernet.
Hlen 1 (, '6' 10 Ethernet).
1 , , .
Xid 4 ID-, , , , .
Secs 2 , .
2 ( .2).
Ciaddr 4 IP- , BOUND, RENEW REBINDING ARP.
Yiadd 4 IP- , ; DHCPOFFER, DHCPACK.
Giaddr 4 IP- , .
Chaddr 16 .
Sname 64 -, .
128 (Boot-), ; "generic" DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPOFFER.
var .

. DHCP DHCP- '' , , 312 . , DHCP- 576 . DHCP- DHCP- 'maximum DHCP message size'. options '' 'sname'.

, DHCP ( TCP/IP ), DHCP TCP/IP RFC-1122. TCP/IP IP- IP-, , IP- ; DHCP- BOOTP DHCP- , , , TCP/IP . , IP- , TCP/IP, DHCP '' [21]. BROADCAST (B). . . .2 .

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B MBZ

.2: ''

B: BROADCAST MBZ: (must be zero; )

1.4

, DHCP, . DHCP - , (, IP- ), . , ( IP-, ), . , " " , . , ( IP-, ), DHCP-, ( - ). , ( IP-, ), , 'client identifier'. DHCP-, . , .

1.5

, DHCP, (IP) . : . ( DHCP-) , , , . . , .

, . "" , , , , . - . , , .

, , , .


1.6 -

DHCP BOOTP, RFC-951 1 .1. 'op' DHCP, , BOOTREQUEST. 'op' DHCP-, , BOOTREPLY.

4 '' DHCP () 99, 130, 83 99, ( (magic cookie), RFC-1497 [17]). '' , "". "vendor extensions" RFC-1497, DHCP. RFC-1533 , DHCP.

. "DHCP message type", DHCP-. DHCP-. , DHCP-. , DHCP-, ' DHCP' ; , DHCP 1 "DHCPDISCOVER".

1.7

DHCP-, 2. .3 . , .

1. DHCPDISCOVER . DHCPDISCOVER , . BOOTP DHCP-, .

2. DHCPOFFER, 'yiaddr' ( DHCP). , , . , , - ; , - ICMP. , . DHCPOFFER, , BOOTP.

2: DHCP

DHCPDISCOVER , .
DHCPOFFER DHCPDISCOVER .
DHCPREQUEST (a) , (b) , , , (c) .
DHCPACK , .
DHCPNAK , , (, ),
DHCPDECLINE , .
DHCPRELEASE .
DHCPINFORM ; .

.3. DHCP-

3. DHCPOFFER . . , , , DHCPOFFER. DHCPREQUEST, 'server identifier', , , , . 'requested IP-' DHCPOFFER 'yiaddr'. DHCPREQUEST DHCP/BOOTP. , BOOTP DHCPREQUEST DHCP-, DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPREQUEST 'secs' DHCP- IP-, DHCPDISCOVER. DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPOFFER.

4. DHCPREQUEST . , DHCPREQUEST, , . , DHCPREQUEST, DHCPACK, , . 'client identifier' 'chaddr' DHCP-. DHCPACK DHCPOFFER, . . 'yiaddr' DHCPACK . DHCPREQUEST (, ), DHCPNAK. , DHCPOFFER, , DHCPREQUEST.

5. DHCPACK, . (, ARP ), , DHCPACK. . , (, ARP), DHCPDECLINE . 10 , , . DHCPNAK message, . DHCPREQUEST, DHCPACK DHCPNAK. DHCPREQUEST , 4.1 DHCPREQUEST , , ( ) ; , , , 4.1, DHCPREQUEST , 60 , . DHCPACK DHCPNAK , . , .

6. DHCPRELEASE. , , , 'chaddr' DHCPRELEASE. , , (client identifier) DHCPRELEASE.

1.8 DHCP

, A. , .1. , Host Requirements RFC; , , .2. DHCPDISCOVER DHCPREQUEST, , . DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPREQUEST. 'maximum DHCP message size', , DHCP-. , , , DHCP. , ( '' ) , 'file' 'sname'. , , 'parameter request list'. , DHCPDISCOVER. 'requested IP-', IP-, , 'IP- lease time', . , , DHCPDISCOVER DHCPREQUEST. , . 'requested IP-' DHCPREQUEST, , . 'ciaddr', IP- BOUND, RENEWING REBINDING. DHCPREQUEST ' IP-', DHCPNAK . .


2. -

20- , , . Internet, .

Intranet (), , Internet. Internet/Intranet - , , , . , , , . , , .

Internet/intranet , .

, , , , .


2.1 Internet/intranet -

: Internet . , . Internet , , . Internet , , , , . Internet/intranet , , , , , , , . , , . . , . , , , , . , , , " " , , . , , , , .. . , , . -, . . -, . , , , , . , , , , "-", " - " .. Internet , , , , - . , , - .


2.2

Internet . Internet , . , Internet, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), . Internet TCP/IP, , Internet. TCP/IP , , - IBM, APPLE . TCP/IP Internet. IP- TCP/IP , , . Internet , (Domain Name System, DNS). DNS - Internet, . , SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). SMTP Internet . , , , , , . Internet , "" - (- ), . , , World Wide Web, , Web - HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). TCP/IP - Internet, HTTP World Wide Web (WWW). World Wide Web - Internet. , . , , Internet. World Wide Web - (CERN) () . Web- . , . , , , "" ( , ). Web- , . , Internet, , , . - URL (Uniform Resource Locator). WWW , . HTTP Web- Web-. , ( Internet), , .. Internet, , , TCP/IP WWW.

2.3 Internet

. - . , Internet , , , , , . Internet ? -. , - - , Internet . , , Internet, - , . Internet . Internet , , , , , (, , , .), (UTAK .) .. Internet , . , -, , . World Wide Web - " ", . Web , , .. World Wide Web , , , . Web- . Web-. , , , , . . , , . Internet, . , , , . , . , - , . - . Internet , . Internet " " , "" , . , Internet .


. Web-, , Internet. " " World Wide Web, . Internet Web , .

Internet , . , World Wide Web , , . Web-, Internet . World Wide Web, Internet. , Web . , - . Web-.

. , , , , . . , . Internet "" 24 7 , - . "" .

. "-", " - " , Internet , . , Internet, , , .

2.4

, , . . , -, , . . , . . . (), -.

:

;

;

().

. (, , ), - , , . , . , , , ( ). - . , : (, GAAP), (MRP II), (ERP). . -. , , , . - . , (TQM - ISO9000), (Workflow - Workflow Management Coalition). ( PMI), , , . , , . , . . - , . " " (Knowledge Management). SGML, ISO 8879. ( PMI). . , , . TQM . , -, TQM ISO9000.


Internet - , . Internet : , , . Intranet () - - , Internet (TCP/IP, WWW, SMTP, FTP .) . . web- : , , , , , , .. . . , , , . , , , . Internet/intranet , . , , .


1. .. . .: "".

2. ., . .: .

3.. . . Jet INFO, # 21/22, Jet Infosystems.

4. Steven L. Telleen. Intranet Organization: Strategies for Managing Change. Copyright (c). http://www.ip.com/IntranetOrg/

5. . . . , # 5-6/96.

6. G. Stump, R. Droms, Y. Gu, R., Vyaghrapuri, A. Demirtjis, B. Beser, J. Privat. The User Class Option for DHCP, RFC-3004, November 2000.

7. M. Patrick, DHCP Relay Agent Information Option. RFC-3046, January 2001.

8. S. Alexander, DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions, RFC-2132

9. 2007 http://www.script-coding. info

10. http://www.dhcp-handbook.com/dhcp_faq.html

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