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" DHCP. - "
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1. DHCP
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6 -
1.7
1.8 DHCP
2. -
2.1 Internet/intranet -
2.2
2.3 Internet
2.4
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC-2131, - 2132, - 2485, - 2563, - 2610, - 2855, - 2937, - 2939, - 3004, - 3011, - 3046, - 3942, - 4030, - 4039; [22], [23], [24] [25]) , . DHCP : DHCP- . DHCP , - (BOOTP), - , . IP-. DHCP -, DHCP- . DHCP-, . IP- . IP- , . , . DHCP IP-. " ", DHCP IP-. " ", DHCP IP- . " ", IP- , DHCP .
DHCP DHCP , RFC Host Requirements. DHCP , DHCP . DHCP , , IP-. DHCP DNS [12, 13]. DHCP .
DHCP:
1. DHCP , . DHCP , .
2. . .
3. . , - .
4. DHCP .
5. DHCP . DHCP-, .
6. DHCP , .
7. DHCP BOOTP-, RFC-951 RFC-1542 [21].
8. DHCP BOOTP.
DHCP :
1. , DHCP .
2. DHCP DHCP-. DHCP , , (, ).
3. DHCP- , , , DHCP- .
4. , .
5. .
, DHCP BOOTP. BOOTP- DHCP- . RFC-1542 [2] BOOTP - DHCP- [9]. , , DHCP- ( 3 4). .1 DHCP, 1 . . DHCP BOOTP. -, DHCP , , . -, DHCP , . DHCP , . "vendor extensions" BOOTP "" DHCP. , , BOOTP "vendor extensions", " ", "".
.1. DHCP
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
op (1) | htype (1) | hlen (1) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
xid (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
secs (2) | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ciaddr (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
yiaddr (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
siaddr (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
giaddr (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
chaddr (16) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
sname (64) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(128) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
( ) |
DHCP 'client identifier', DHCP . 'chaddr' BOOTP, 'chaddr' BOOTP, . , ; , , , 'chaddr', , DNS-. , DHCP , , . , , . DHCP 'siaddr' . DHCP- 'siaddr', (, ). DHCP- 'server identifier'. 1.
1. DHCP
op | 1 | / . |
1 | = BOOTREQUEST, 2 = BOOTREPLY | |
htype | 1 | , ARP RFC "Assigned Numbers"; , '1' 10 Ethernet. |
Hlen | 1 | (, '6' 10 Ethernet). |
1 | , , . | |
Xid | 4 | ID-, , , , . |
Secs | 2 | , . |
2 | ( .2). | |
Ciaddr | 4 | IP- , BOUND, RENEW REBINDING ARP. |
Yiadd | 4 | IP- , ; DHCPOFFER, DHCPACK. |
Giaddr | 4 | IP- , . |
Chaddr | 16 | . |
Sname | 64 | -, . |
128 | (Boot-), ; "generic" DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPOFFER. | |
var | . |
. DHCP DHCP- '' , , 312 . , DHCP- 576 . DHCP- DHCP- 'maximum DHCP message size'. options '' 'sname'.
, DHCP ( TCP/IP ), DHCP TCP/IP RFC-1122. TCP/IP IP- IP-, , IP- ; DHCP- BOOTP DHCP- , , , TCP/IP . , IP- , TCP/IP, DHCP '' [21]. BROADCAST (B). . . .2 .
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
B | MBZ |
.2: ''
B: BROADCAST MBZ: (must be zero; )
, DHCP, . DHCP - , (, IP- ), . , ( IP-, ), . , " " , . , ( IP-, ), DHCP-, ( - ). , ( IP-, ), , 'client identifier'. DHCP-, . , .
, DHCP, (IP) . : . ( DHCP-) , , , . . , .
, . "" , , , , . - . , , .
, , , .
DHCP BOOTP, RFC-951 1 .1. 'op' DHCP, , BOOTREQUEST. 'op' DHCP-, , BOOTREPLY.
4 '' DHCP () 99, 130, 83 99, ( (magic cookie), RFC-1497 [17]). '' , "". "vendor extensions" RFC-1497, DHCP. RFC-1533 , DHCP.
. "DHCP message type", DHCP-. DHCP-. , DHCP-. , DHCP-, ' DHCP' ; , DHCP 1 "DHCPDISCOVER".
DHCP-, 2. .3 . , .
1. DHCPDISCOVER . DHCPDISCOVER , . BOOTP DHCP-, .
2. DHCPOFFER, 'yiaddr' ( DHCP). , , . , , - ; , - ICMP. , . DHCPOFFER, , BOOTP.
2: DHCP
DHCPDISCOVER | , . |
DHCPOFFER | DHCPDISCOVER . |
DHCPREQUEST | (a) , (b) , , , (c) . |
DHCPACK | , . |
DHCPNAK | , , (, ), |
DHCPDECLINE | , . |
DHCPRELEASE | . |
DHCPINFORM | ; . |
.3. DHCP-
3. DHCPOFFER . . , , , DHCPOFFER. DHCPREQUEST, 'server identifier', , , , . 'requested IP-' DHCPOFFER 'yiaddr'. DHCPREQUEST DHCP/BOOTP. , BOOTP DHCPREQUEST DHCP-, DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPREQUEST 'secs' DHCP- IP-, DHCPDISCOVER. DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPOFFER.
4. DHCPREQUEST . , DHCPREQUEST, , . , DHCPREQUEST, DHCPACK, , . 'client identifier' 'chaddr' DHCP-. DHCPACK DHCPOFFER, . . 'yiaddr' DHCPACK . DHCPREQUEST (, ), DHCPNAK. , DHCPOFFER, , DHCPREQUEST.
5. DHCPACK, . (, ARP ), , DHCPACK. . , (, ARP), DHCPDECLINE . 10 , , . DHCPNAK message, . DHCPREQUEST, DHCPACK DHCPNAK. DHCPREQUEST , 4.1 DHCPREQUEST , , ( ) ; , , , 4.1, DHCPREQUEST , 60 , . DHCPACK DHCPNAK , . , .
6. DHCPRELEASE. , , , 'chaddr' DHCPRELEASE. , , (client identifier) DHCPRELEASE.
, A. , .1. , Host Requirements RFC; , , .2. DHCPDISCOVER DHCPREQUEST, , . DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPREQUEST. 'maximum DHCP message size', , DHCP-. , , , DHCP. , ( '' ) , 'file' 'sname'. , , 'parameter request list'. , DHCPDISCOVER. 'requested IP-', IP-, , 'IP- lease time', . , , DHCPDISCOVER DHCPREQUEST. , . 'requested IP-' DHCPREQUEST, , . 'ciaddr', IP- BOUND, RENEWING REBINDING. DHCPREQUEST ' IP-', DHCPNAK . .
20- , , . Internet, .
Intranet (), , Internet. Internet/Intranet - , , , . , , , . , , .
Internet/intranet , .
, , , , .
: Internet . , . Internet , , . Internet , , , , . Internet/intranet , , , , , , , . , , . . , . , , , , . , , , " " , , . , , , , .. . , , . -, . . -, . , , , , . , , , , "-", " - " .. Internet , , , , - . , , - .
Internet . Internet , . , Internet, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), . Internet TCP/IP, , Internet. TCP/IP , , - IBM, APPLE . TCP/IP Internet. IP- TCP/IP , , . Internet , (Domain Name System, DNS). DNS - Internet, . , SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). SMTP Internet . , , , , , . Internet , "" - (- ), . , , World Wide Web, , Web - HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). TCP/IP - Internet, HTTP World Wide Web (WWW). World Wide Web - Internet. , . , , Internet. World Wide Web - (CERN) () . Web- . , . , , , "" ( , ). Web- , . , Internet, , , . - URL (Uniform Resource Locator). WWW , . HTTP Web- Web-. , ( Internet), , .. Internet, , , TCP/IP WWW.
. - . , Internet , , , , , . Internet ? -. , - - , Internet . , , Internet, - , . Internet . Internet , , , , , (, , , .), (UTAK .) .. Internet , . , -, , . World Wide Web - " ", . Web , , .. World Wide Web , , , . Web- . Web-. , , , , . . , , . Internet, . , , , . , . , - , . - . Internet , . Internet " " , "" , . , Internet .
. Web-, , Internet. " " World Wide Web, . Internet Web , .
Internet , . , World Wide Web , , . Web-, Internet . World Wide Web, Internet. , Web . , - . Web-.
. , , , , . . , . Internet "" 24 7 , - . "" .
. "-", " - " , Internet , . , Internet, , , .
, , . . , -, , . . , . . . (), -.
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. (, , ), - , , . , . , , , ( ). - . , : (, GAAP), (MRP II), (ERP). . -. , , , . - . , (TQM - ISO9000), (Workflow - Workflow Management Coalition). ( PMI), , , . , , . , . . - , . " " (Knowledge Management). SGML, ISO 8879. ( PMI). . , , . TQM . , -, TQM ISO9000.
Internet - , . Internet : , , . Intranet () - - , Internet (TCP/IP, WWW, SMTP, FTP .) . . web- : , , , , , , .. . . , , , . , , , . Internet/intranet , . , , .
1. .. . .: "".
2. ., . .: .
3.. . . Jet INFO, # 21/22, Jet Infosystems.
4. Steven L. Telleen. Intranet Organization: Strategies for Managing Change. Copyright (c). http://www.ip.com/IntranetOrg/
5. . . . , # 5-6/96.
6. G. Stump, R. Droms, Y. Gu, R., Vyaghrapuri, A. Demirtjis, B. Beser, J. Privat. The User Class Option for DHCP, RFC-3004, November 2000.
7. M. Patrick, DHCP Relay Agent Information Option. RFC-3046, January 2001.
8. S. Alexander, DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions, RFC-2132
9. 2007 http://www.script-coding. info
10. http://www.dhcp-handbook.com/dhcp_faq.html
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