,,,
: 4
-
ࠠ
: ..
1
:
1.
2
3.
4.
1,2,3,4.
.
, . ( ). , , . . , . , , ⠠ i, Fi - i.
,
, ( , ) , :
= Ϡ / , , , . .
, . : ?
.
1. , .
2. , , , , , .
3. , , , .
, , (. . m = X*f). , , , , , (, . .) , , , , .
, . . , , , . , .
, . .
, . , . , (x1 + x2+...+ xn) (n1 + n2+...+ nn). n1, n2 . . i ().
, X = X1*p1+2*
2+...+*= ∑i * i ;
. .
().
. , , . , 10 ., - 15 . , , , 2 , . : = (10 *1 + 15 *2) / 3= 13,3 .
, , - , . . , , 2 , , , , .
, , :
- .
1. (t):
d(Q) ;
d(T) .
1
, |
, |
, | , % |
, |
, |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
5 |
7 |
1. | 9-12 | 10,5 | 30 | 35 | 350 | 20 |
2. | 12-15 | 13,5 | 26 | 26 | 160 | 29 |
3. | 15-18 | 16,5 | 32 | 23 | 390 | 34 |
4. | 18 21 | 19,5 | 47 | 16 | 280 | 17 |
: |
--- |
135 |
100 % |
1180 |
100 % |
|
, |
15,67 |
14,11 | 14,30 |
14,29 |
1)
2)
W (, , , );
d() (, , , ) ;
d(Q) i .
2
,
|
, |
, | , % |
, |
, |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
||||||
|
|||||||||||||
1. | 7 - 8 | 7,5 | 15 | 34 | 14 | 34 |
|
||||||
2. | 8 - 9 | 8,5 | 29 | 29 | 26 | 11 |
|
||||||
3. | 9 - 10 | 9,5 | 38 | 19 | 37 | 26 |
|
||||||
4. | 10 - 11 | 10,5 | 57 | 18 | 54 | 29 |
|
||||||
|
: |
-- |
139 |
100 | 131 |
100 |
|||||||
|
, |
--- |
9,9 |
9,0 | 9,7 |
9,0 |
|||||||
1)
2)
3. ():
,堠 f i;
d() i. ;
d(F) i .
3
,
|
, |
, . . | , % |
, |
, |
|
|||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
5 |
7 |
|
||||||
1. | 1 3 | 2 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 29 |
|
||||||
2. | 3 5 | 4 | 29 | 34 | 27 | 34 |
|
||||||
3. | 5 7 | 6 | 64 | 29 | 16 | 11 |
|
||||||
4. | 7 - 9 | 8 | 159 | 19 | 19 | 26 |
|
||||||
|
: |
-- |
268 |
100 | 80 |
100 |
|||||||
|
, |
--- |
5,88 |
4,05 | 5,44 | 4,68 | |||||||
1)
2)
( , .) 1 . (, ) i;
d(G) i ;
d(Q) i .
4
, |
, |
, . . | , % | , . . |
, |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
5 |
7 |
. | 1 3 | 2 | 164 | 31 | 325 | 18 |
. | 3 5 | 4 | 117 | 24 | 450 | 19 |
. | 5 7 | 6 | 133 | 12 | 250 | 31 |
. | 7 - 9 | 8 | 221 | 33 | 300 | 32 |
: |
-- |
635 |
-- |
1325 |
|
|
--- |
3,45 |
4,94 |
5,30 |
4,37 |
1)
2)
1.
d(Q)1=30:135=0,22; d(Q)2=26:135= 0,19 ;d(Q)3 = 32:135=0,24 ; d(Q)4=47:135=0,35
d(T)1=350:1180=0,3; d(T)2=160:1180=0,14; d(T)3=390:1180=0,33; d(T)4=280:1180=0,24
2.
d(Q)1=15:139=0,11; d(Q)2=0,21; d(Q)3=0,27; d(Q)4=0,41
d(T)1=14:131=0,11; d(T)2=0,20; d(T)3=0,28; d(T)4=0,41
3.
d(T)1=18:80=0,23; d(T)2=0,34; d(T)3=0,20; d(T)4=0,24
d(F)1= 16:628=0,06; d(F)2= 0,11; d(F)3=0,24; d(F)4=0,59
1/0,17=5,88
4.
d(G)1=164:635=0,26; d(G)2=0,18; d(G)3=0,21; d(G)4=0,35
d(Q)1=325:1325=0,25; d(Q)2=0,34; d(Q)3=0,19; d(Q)4=0,23
2.
, Š
, :
1. () ().
2. .
3. .
4. ; .
5. ; .
6. .
.
5.
1. ⠠ . . -- 蠠 .
∆ = Xi Xi-1,
堠 ∆ - ;
Xi - , ;
Xi-1 - , Xi.
() :
∆ = Xi X1 X1 ()
ࠠ 䠠 젠 ∆ = X1 , 堠 X1 - ; - .
2. .
, . , . , .
( ) . , - . , , .
= Xi:/X1
= Xi:/ Xi-1
, , .
1995 - 2000 . 5
. . |
, . | , % | , % | 1--% | ||||
( 1997 ) | ||||||||
1995 |
1300 |
---------- |
-------- |
------------ |
100 |
------- |
-------- |
-------- |
1996 |
1350 |
1350-1300=50 |
1350-1300=50 |
1350/1300*100= 104 |
1350/1300*100= 104 |
4,0 |
4,0 |
13,50 |
1997 |
1380 |
1380-1350=30 |
1380-1300=80 |
1380/1350*100= 102 |
1380/1300*100= 106 |
2,0 |
6,0 |
13,80 |
1998 |
1400 |
1400-1380=20 |
1400-1300=100 |
1400/1380*100=101 |
1400/1300*100=108 |
1,0 |
8,0 |
14,0 |
1999 |
1600 |
1600-1400=200 |
1600-1300=300 |
1600/1400*100=114 |
1600/1300*100=123 |
14,0 |
23,0 |
16,0 |
2000 |
1700 |
1700-1600=100 |
1700-1300=400 |
1700/1600*100=106 |
1700/1300*100=131 |
6,0 |
31,0 |
17,0 |
3. , , , : .
, .
蠠
, , 100% -
.
() 100%.
, , ∆. , , , ,
: ∆. = - 100%
: ∆. = -1.
8 7 . 16 , .. ∆. = - 100%.
4.
, . :
(Xi - Xi 1) / ∆. *100, 堠 ∆. - .
∆. = (Xi - Xi 1) / i 1, , 0,01 .
.
5. , , .. 6 . . :
. - . ( , , ):
(): .
, 砠 .5 ( 2000 . 1995 .). 131,0%, 1,310.. 1,0554 , 105,54%.
1,0554
,
1995. 2000 . 5,54% ( - 17 .).
6. ( ) (..1).
7. . . , 2000 . 1995 . 131%; 1996,1997,1998 . 104,106,108 % .
. , 1996 104%. 1997 1998 . 1999 . 1998 (114%), 2000. 106%.
3
.
(. . .) :
1) ( . . .), :
2) ;
3) (. . .) 2001 . 500 (. . .).
6.
, .
( ) , , ..
, 30- .
, .
.
,
,
頠 :
, .
(. . .)
6
|
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
2001 . |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
36,3 | 32,1 | 37,3 | 105,70 | 35,23 |
98,35 |
-0,59 | 0,35 | 40,98 | |
33,2 | 30,0 | 32,2 | 95,40 | 31,80 |
88,78 |
-4,02 | 16,16 | 36,99 | |
34,0 | 33 | 42 | 109,00 | 36,33 |
101,42 |
-0,51 | 0,26 | 42,26 | |
41,9 | 35,8 | 40,9 | 118,60 | 39,53 |
112,30 |
3,71 | 13,76 | 46,79 | |
36,8 | 29,1 | 36,8 | 102,70 | 36,57 |
102,09 |
0,75 | 0,56 | 42,54 | |
42,3 | 30,9 | 40,3 | 113,50 | 37,83 |
105,61 |
2,01 | 4,04 | 44,01 | |
35,3 | 31,4 | 35,3 | 102,00 | 34,00 |
94,92 |
-1,82 | 3,31 | 39,55 | |
35,0 | 29,3 | 34 | 98,30 | 32,77 |
91,49 |
-3,05 | 9,30 | 38,12 | |
33,7 | 32,5 | 33,7 | 99,90 | 33,30 |
92,96 |
-2,52 | 6,35 | 38,74 | |
36,9 | 35,6 | 34,9 | 107,40 | 35,80 |
99,94 |
-0,02 | 0 | 41,64 | |
35,3 | 34,7 | 35,3 | 105,30 | 35,10 |
97,99 |
-0,72 | 0,52 | 40,83 | |
43,7 | 38,2 | 42,7 | 124,6 | 41,53 |
115,94 |
5,71 | 32,60 | 48,31 | |
: |
444,4 |
392,6 |
445,4 |
1282,40 |
429,79 |
100,0 |
--- | 87,21 |
500,76 |
37,03 | 32,72 | 37,12 | 106,87 |
35,82 |
--- | 41,67 |
6.
1 . 2 3 .
4 . 6 : åi =36,3+32,1+37,3=105,7 ..
5
. 6 :
=105,7 : 3 = 35,23
. . . ..
"
" 5
頠
ࠠ :
=429,79 : 12 = 35,82 . .
.
, 6 . 6: isi = 35,23 : 35,82 * 100=96,03 %.
. 2. 堠 , - (-9,57) (+12,64), (+17,95). .
젠 2001 ., 500 . . .
:
Y = 500 : 12 = 41,67 . . .
41,67
.
, 41,67 *0,9835 = 40,98. . .
9 .6.
12 500 . . , .
4.
. ɠ
蠠 (. . .) .6,7
1) (. . .);
2) , ;
3) ;
4) .
7,8.
1. .
堠 蠠 頠 蠠 Ĉi :
堠 ᠠ .
, (),
, . . , , .
, .
, , . , , .
.7 . . , 6,0% , - 10,7% , 11,0%.
5,37% .
(...) 7 | |||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
32,10 | 32,80 | 37,30 | 36,30 | I | 95,10 | 98,60 | 111,50 | 103,50 | |
30,00 | 31,90 | 32,20 | 33,20 | ||||||
33,00 | 33,90 | 42,00 | 34,00 | ||||||
35,80 | 39,50 | 40,90 | 41,90 | II | 99,80 | 111,10 | 114,00 | 121,00 | |
29,10 | 36,20 | 36,80 | 36,80 | ||||||
34,90 | 35,40 | 36,30 | 42,30 | ||||||
31,40 | 32,40 | 35,30 | 34,30 | III | 93,20 | 101,40 | 103,00 | 103,00 | |
29,30 | 34,30 | 34,00 | 35,00 | ||||||
32,50 | 34,70 | 33,70 | 33,70 | ||||||
35,60 | 34,60 | 34,90 | 36,90 | IV | 111,50 | 112,50 | 113,90 | 116,10 | |
35,70 | 36,30 | 35,30 | 35,30 | ||||||
40,20 | 41,60 | 43,70 | 43,90 | ||||||
: | 399,60 | 423,60 | 442,40 | 443,60 | 399,60 | 423,60 | 442,40 | 443,60 | |
35,55 | 32,72 | 37,12 | 36,97 | 99,90 | 105,90 | 110,60 | 110,90 | ||
100,00 | 106,01 | 110,71 | 111,01 |
8
, . . ., i |
堠 , |
, isi | |||
1 |
I. |
95,1 |
-- "" -- | ---- | --- |
II. |
99,8 |
(95,1+ 99,8+ 93,2) / 3 = |
96,00 |
1,0392 |
|
III. |
93,2 |
(99,8+93,2+111,5) / 3 = |
101,50 |
0,9182 |
|
IV. |
111,5 |
. . |
101,10 |
1,1029 |
|
2 |
I. |
98,6 |
-- "" -- |
107,10 |
0,9209 |
II. |
111,1 |
-- "" -- |
103,70 |
1,0714 |
|
III. |
101,4 |
-- "" -- |
108,30 |
0,9360 |
|
IV. |
112,5 |
-- "" -- |
108,50 |
1,0372 |
|
3 |
I. |
111,5 |
-- "" -- |
112,70 |
0,9896 |
II. |
114,0 |
-- "" -- |
109,50 |
1,0411 |
|
III. |
103,0 |
-- "" -- |
110,30 |
0,9338 |
|
IV. |
113,9 |
(103+113,9+103,5) / 3 = |
106,80 |
1,0700 |
|
|
I. |
103,5 |
(113,9+103,5+121) / 3 = |
112,80 |
0,9200 |
4 |
II. |
121,0 |
(103,5+121+103) / 3 = |
109,17 |
1.1100 |
|
III. |
103,0 |
(121+103+116,1) / 3 = |
113,37 |
0.9100 |
|
IV. |
116,1 |
------ |
---- |
----- |
2.
. 8.
.
.
: 1 = (1 +2 + 3): 3;
2 = (2 + 3 + 4): 3
. .
3. ꠠ . 3 . , , 렠 :
Sisi - , n - .
:
I 렠 = (0,9209 + 0,9896 + 0,9200) : 3 = 0,9535
II 렠 = (1,0392 + 1,0714 + 1,0411 + 1,1100) : 4
=1,0654
III = (0,9182 + 0,9360 + 0,9338 + 0,9100) : 4 =
0,9245
IV = (1,1029 + 1,0372 + 1,0700) : 3 = 1,0700
4. , 7,0 % 6,54 % .
5.
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) .
4) .
9,
.
9
, . . |
, |
, . . |
||
, |
, |
|||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
. |
200 | 250 | 1,4 | 250:1,4=178,57 |
. |
390 | 600 | 1,19 | 600 : 1,19 = 504,2 |
. |
430 | 760 | 1,35 | 760 : 1,35 = 562,96 |
: | 1020 | 1610 | --- | 1245,73 |
1.
. 9 åp0q1 . ip.
, .
p0 (p0 =p1 / ip) :
. 22 ( 5) . , åp1q1 頠 ip.
1. :
() 29,24%.
Dåpq(p)= åp1q1 -åp1q1 / ip = 1610 1245,73 = 364,27 . .
, 29,24%.
2. .
.9 .
, .
. 22,13%.
Dåpq(q) = åp1q1 / ip - åp0q0 = 1245,73 - 1020 = 225,73 . .
3. .
. : 57,84 %.
Dåp q (p, q) = åp1 q1 - åp0 q0 = 1610 1020 = 590 . .
4. .
Ipq = Ip * Ig .
: 1,5784 = 1,2924 * 1,2213
57,84 %, - 29,24% - 22,13 %.
Dåpq (p,q)
= Dåpq (p) + Dåpq (q)
=
= 364,27 . . + 225,73 . . = 590 . .
. 590 . ., 364,27 . . - 225,73 . .
6.
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) 10 .
10.
.
, .
: w= q/T,
堠 w - ; q - ; - .
: t =T/q,
t - .
"", - "".
: 1) ; 2) (); 3) .
, , . . , . (, , ..), - -, - .
, - . . , . 砠 q q1 , o 1 .
:
젠 Iv.
. , : w*T.
Iv : , , , .
, , .
, , . , :
, , .
. :
:
, .10.
10
|
|||||||||
, |
-, |
, |
-
, |
, |
, |
, |
, |
W1 / W0 | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
"" |
24000 |
1167 | 0,419 | 20,57 | 40200 | 1648 | 0,563 | 24,39 | 1,185 |
"" | 17420 | 1620 | 0,581 | 10,75 | 15600 | 1280 | 0,437 | 12,19 | 1,133 |
: | 41420 | 2787 | 1 | 14,861 | 55800 | 2928 | 1 | 19,057 |
1,290 |
"" 18,5 %, ࠠ "" - ࠠ 13,3%. ࠠ 29,0 %, . . , . : ( 41,9 % 58,1 %) "", 2 , "".
, 29 %. Iω... = 1,290 9 . 10.
Iw... = Iw... * Iw... = 1,1708 * 1,1028=1,291 ,
, - , .
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