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3. IP-
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4.
5.
1
ISO 7498 (ISO International Organization of Standartization).
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OSI (Open System Interconnection) , ANSI (American National Standarts Institute). CCITT (Consultative Committee for International Telegraphy), ISO. ISO , ISO 7498 .
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TCP/IP ISO/OSI, , , TCP/IP OSI .
TCP/IP . TCP/IP 4 .
( IV) OSI. TCP/IP , : Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, Fast Ethernet, 100VG-AnyLAN, - "-" SLIP PPP, X.25, frame relay. , ATM . TCP/IP RFC, IP .
( III) - , , , . .
( OSI) IP, , , , . IP , . IP , , .
, , RIP (Routing Internet Protocol) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol). - . ICMP , , , , ..
( II) . TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) UDP (User Datagram Protocol). TCP . UDP , IP, .
( I) . TCP/IP . , FTP, telnet, SMTP, Internet, , WWW . .
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) . , , FTP - TCP. FTP . , , , . , FTP . , , . FTP- Internet , Anonymous.
TCP/IP FTP , . , FTP, , - TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol). , , TCP, - UDP.
telnet , . . telnet , , . telnet , , , Kerberos.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) . SNMP Internet, . SNMP - , , .. .. SNMP .
. SNMP-, , SNMP-, , . , .
, . , , . SNMP . , MIB (Management Information Base), , , .
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1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
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|
|
|
A |
01.0.0 | 126.0.0.0 |
B |
128.0.0.0 | 191.255.0.0 |
C |
192.0.1.0. | 223.255.255.0 |
D |
224.0.0.0 | 239.255.255.255 |
E |
240.0.0.0 | 247.255.255.255 |
) : broadcast, multicast, loopback
IP IP-:
0 0 0 0 ................................... 0 0 0 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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, IP- , ARP , , IP-, . ARP IP- . ARP-, IP- , ARP . ARP- . , ARP . 2 ARP Ethernet.
|
|
|
( 0 - 3) | ||
( 4 - 5) | IP- ( 0-1) | |
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DNS-, , - DNS- , , DNS-. DNS- , Internet. , . - , , . IP- DNS-, .
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) , . DHCP IP-. , , DHCP .
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DHCP , , DHCP, . IP- . , . , . .
DHCP -. - DHCP, "", discover (), DHCP- . DHCP-, , offer (), IP- .
- DHCP "" DHCP-. , "" request () DHCP-, .
DHCP- DHCP-acknowledgment (), IP-, , . , DHCP- . , , "", TCP/IP. -, , . DHCP-, IP- , IP-.
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DHCP . -, DHCP DNS. , DNS IP-. IP- DHCP, DNS. DNS DHCP ( Dynamic DNS), .
-, IP- . , SNMP, IP-. , IP-.
, : DHCP- IP- . DHCP, IP-.
4
.
5
1. . . -., 2003 .
2. : http://www.citforum.ru
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