. , , ,

,,,

Internet

:

: =)

2000.

 

1.  

2.  

2.1 Internet

2.2 RFC

2.3 RFC

2.4 TCP/IP

2.5

3.   FTP

4.  

5.   Proxies,

6.  

7.   ISP, UNIX

8.  

9.  


1.

Internet . , , . , , Internet, , . , , , .

2.

 

, , . , , , .

2.1. Internet

 

Internet, , . , Internet. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ( /Internet ).

Internet Activities Board (IAB) , , , .. , IAB. .

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). IETF, , Internet. . , . , , IAB .

2.2. RFC

 

RFC, Request for Comments ( ) , Internet. , , , RFC . RFC RFC (Jon Pastel, RFC-EDITOR@isi.edu).

RFC, RFC 1543, : RFC.

RFC . ftp.techno.ru/pub/docs/rfc, ds.internic.net/rfc.

rfc.index RFC , RFC 1880 RFC, , .

2.3. TCP/IP

TCP/IP :

     IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP;

     , , SMTP (), TELNET ( ), FTP ( ), NNTP () .

IP, Internet Protocol, - , , . Internet IP .

TCP, Transmission Control Protocol , IP .

UDP, User Datagram Protocol ( ), , . , TCP. , . , .

ICMP, Internet Control Message Protocol, - Internet. , - , , Internet. PING ( ) TRACEROUTE ( IP ).

2.4.

Internet . IP 0 255 (: 127.0.0.1 212.107.200.68 ).

, (Domain Name System, DNS) . , , :

     IP ;

     ;

     ;

     ;

     .

3. FTP

 

FTP, File Transfer Protocol ( ). , . FTP 21 20. , TELNET FTP . , . , FTP - ( FTP), FTP , 21 . , FTP . DIR, GET, PUT, , . (, , ..) BIN (FTP , ). FTP .

FTP:

     ascii ;

     binary ;

     cd ;

     dir ;

     image bin;

     ls dir;

     get ;

     hash ( 1024 ) #;

     help

     lcd () ;

     lpwd ;

     mget ;

     pwd ;

     reget .

, Internet . , FTP . FTP. anonymous ftp. . , , .

4.

MS Internet Explorer.

: \ \\ \.

 

. - , . - . , . , , . , : \ \\ .

, . , - . , - , , . HTTP- HEAD. , , . , , , , - , , .

5. Proxies,

 

MS Internet Explorer: \ \\ .

 

, . , ( firewalls, , , ..). , . , , CERN, Oracle Corporation (*.oracle.com), Convex Computer Corporation (*.ccc.com), (*.nns.ru), ( , ) Internet ..

, . proxy-, , . proxy-, . , , .. , , . , .

proxy- . proxy- .

. ISP proxy. , . , . -8 MS Windows WWW , .

\ proxy , ( : 8080 , , : proxy.qatar.net.qa , : 8080). -, - (HTTP, FTP ..), , .

, - . .

6.

 

MS Internet Explorer . HTTPS (HTTP ). Socket Security Layer (SSL), Netscape Internet. , . SSL RSA Data Security.

, - , . , - . , , . , , ?

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) . , , . - , , .

, ( ), , , : . , . , . - , . :

---BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE---

.

---BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE---

Version: 2.6.2i

IDFHgf34DFJHSHGFHKadffasdj24DFSsdgh345657SADFGDG24353adsaDFGH455dghffSFG46755dsfSGFD34546sfdgERTET45657xcvbb3454sdfgfSDFDGF3435456xcvfgDFsfdgh324566cvg34dfdfg3DF34sDF23=

=/FNv

---END PGP SIGNATURE---

. , , (). PGP :

     128 , .

     512 .

     1024 , , .

. : - , , -, . . , , , . Digital Certificate, , , .

Netscape- , , . , , Internet, . Internet.

, , HTTPS PGP , . . , , .

7. ISP, UNIX

 

ISP. Unix- ( Internet ). Unix , , - .. (, - : Unix . , ).

, , . ?

. Internet , ISP Internet . FTP- , ISP, . , , , ISP. . . , , ISP. ? ISP ( , ISP ) , .

, MOS21B1.EXE, ftp.kiae.su/windows/tcpip/www/mosaic

.netrc :

$ cat > .netrc

machine ftp.kiae.su

login ftp

password user@

^D

$

$ - . Control D. , , , :

$ chmod 600 .netrc

. Unix- FTP. transfer:

$ cat > transfer

#!/bin/csh

ftp ftp.kiae.su < jkiae >& listing &

^D

$

transfer , :

$ chmod +x transfer

FTP jkiae:

$ cat > jkiae

verb

prompt

bin

cd /window/tcpip/www/misaic/

get MOS21B1.EXE

quit

^D

$

get reget Unix FTP ( ). :

$ nohup ./transfer &

, ISP. , . listing, :

Verbose mode on.

Interactive mode off.

200 Type set to I.

250 CWD command successful.

Local: MOS21B1.EXE

200 PORT command successful.

150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for MOS21B1.EXE

(23344554 bytes)

226 Transfer complete.

23344554 bytes received in 3.4e+2 seconds (6.9 Kbytes/s)

221 Goodbye.

ISP . :

     WWW- URL FTP ;

     (Telix, Terminate, Kermit ..), Z- Kermit. Kermit Unix kermit. Z-modem

$ sz MOS21B1.EXE

ISP, kermit, sz rz Uinx-.

8.

 

, , . . Internet. , , , . , , , . , , .

, : www.invictus.hotmail.ru/archive/cobwebs.html

, , . . , .


9.  

 

1.   .. WWW . .: , 1997. 192 ., .

2.   / . . .: . . .. .; . . . . .: , 1991. 560 .: .

3.   .. . . : ; /: , 1997. 368 .

4.   , Internet.

5.   RFC 1543, 1880, 791, 768, 792, 793, 1035, 1034, 974, 959.

 

 

 

 

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