,,,
:
1.
2.
2.1 Internet
2.2 RFC
2.3 RFC
2.4 TCP/IP
2.5
3. FTP
4.
5. Proxies,
6.
7. ISP, UNIX
8.
9.
Internet . , , . , , Internet, , . , , , .
2.
, , . , , , .
2.1. Internet
Internet, , . , Internet. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ( /Internet ).
Internet Activities Board (IAB) , , , .. , IAB. .
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). IETF, , Internet. . , . , , IAB .
2.2. RFC
RFC, Request for Comments ( ) , Internet. , , , RFC . RFC RFC (Jon Pastel, RFC-EDITOR@isi.edu).
RFC, RFC 1543, : RFC.
RFC . ftp.techno.ru/pub/docs/rfc, ds.internic.net/rfc.
rfc.index RFC , RFC 1880 RFC, , .
2.3. TCP/IP
TCP/IP :
IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP;
, , SMTP (), TELNET ( ), FTP ( ), NNTP () .
IP, Internet Protocol, - , , . Internet IP .
TCP, Transmission Control Protocol , IP .
UDP, User Datagram Protocol ( ), , . , TCP. , . , .
ICMP, Internet Control Message Protocol, - Internet. , - , , Internet. PING ( ) TRACEROUTE ( IP ).
2.4.
Internet . IP 0 255 (: 127.0.0.1 212.107.200.68 ).
, (Domain Name System, DNS) . , , :
IP ;
;
;
;
.
3. FTP
FTP, File Transfer Protocol ( ). , . FTP 21 20. , TELNET FTP . , . , FTP - ( FTP), FTP , 21 . , FTP . DIR, GET, PUT, , . (, , ..) BIN (FTP , ). FTP .
FTP:
ascii ;
binary ;
cd ;
dir ;
image bin;
ls dir;
get ;
hash ( 1024 ) #;
help
lcd () ;
lpwd ;
mget ;
pwd ;
reget .
, Internet . , FTP . FTP. anonymous ftp. . , , .
4.
MS Internet Explorer.
: \ \\ \.
. - , . - . , . , , . , : \ \\ .
, . , - . , - , , . HTTP- HEAD. , , . , , , , - , , .
5. Proxies,
MS Internet Explorer: \ \\ .
, . , ( firewalls, , , ..). , . , , CERN, Oracle Corporation (*.oracle.com), Convex Computer Corporation (*.ccc.com), (*.nns.ru), ( , ) Internet ..
, . proxy-, , . proxy-, . , , .. , , . , .
proxy- . proxy- .
. ISP proxy. , . , . -8 MS Windows WWW , .
\ proxy , ( : 8080 , , : proxy.qatar.net.qa , : 8080). -, - (HTTP, FTP ..), , .
, - . .
6.
MS Internet Explorer . HTTPS (HTTP ). Socket Security Layer (SSL), Netscape Internet. , . SSL RSA Data Security.
, - , . , - . , , . , , ?
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) . , , . - , , .
, ( ), , , : . , . , . - , . :
---BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE---
.
---BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE---
Version: 2.6.2i
IDFHgf34DFJHSHGFHKadffasdj24DFSsdgh345657SADFGDG24353adsaDFGH455dghffSFG46755dsfSGFD34546sfdgERTET45657xcvbb3454sdfgfSDFDGF3435456xcvfgDFsfdgh324566cvg34dfdfg3DF34sDF23=
=/FNv
---END PGP SIGNATURE---
. , , (). PGP :
128 , .
512 .
1024 , , .
. : - , , -, . . , , , . Digital Certificate, , , .
Netscape- , , . , , Internet, . Internet.
, , HTTPS PGP , . . , , .
7. ISP, UNIX
ISP. Unix- ( Internet ). Unix , , - .. (, - : Unix . , ).
, , . ?
. Internet , ISP Internet . FTP- , ISP, . , , , ISP. . . , , ISP. ? ISP ( , ISP ) , .
, MOS21B1.EXE, ftp.kiae.su/windows/tcpip/www/mosaic
.netrc :
$ cat > .netrc
machine ftp.kiae.su
login ftp
password user@
^D
$
$ - . Control D. , , , :
$ chmod 600 .netrc
. Unix- FTP. transfer:
$ cat > transfer
#!/bin/csh
ftp ftp.kiae.su < jkiae >& listing &
^D
$
transfer , :
$ chmod +x transfer
FTP jkiae:
$ cat > jkiae
verb
prompt
bin
cd /window/tcpip/www/misaic/
get MOS21B1.EXE
quit
^D
$
get reget Unix FTP ( ). :
$ nohup ./transfer &
, ISP. , . listing, :
Verbose mode on.
Interactive mode off.
200 Type set to I.
250 CWD command successful.
Local: MOS21B1.EXE
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for MOS21B1.EXE
(23344554 bytes)
226 Transfer complete.
23344554 bytes received in 3.4e+2 seconds (6.9 Kbytes/s)
221 Goodbye.
ISP . :
WWW- URL FTP ;
(Telix, Terminate, Kermit ..), Z- Kermit. Kermit Unix kermit. Z-modem
$ sz MOS21B1.EXE
ISP, kermit, sz rz Uinx-.
8.
, , . . Internet. , , , . , , , . , , .
, : www.invictus.hotmail.ru/archive/cobwebs.html
, , . . , .
9.
1. .. WWW . .: , 1997. 192 ., .
2. / . . .: . . .. .; . . . . .: , 1991. 560 .: .
3. .. . . : ; /: , 1997. 368 .
4. , Internet.
5. RFC 1543, 1880, 791, 768, 792, 793, 1035, 1034, 974, 959.
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