,,,
. .
, , . , , III 11 1573 . , - : " - ( . ..), , , - , ( . ..), , , , " (1).
1773 . .. (2). 1790 . .. - (3). 1821 . .. "" : " , -: ( . ..), " (4). , " " .. . (5). , , " VIXVII . " (6). , , , .. -, " XVI " (7).
"" . , , .. , , " ", " ", (8). .. , , "-, "" ". , " ", , , " ("") (IXX .) " (9). , III, , , " ". " , ― "", , ""-"(10). 1995 . . , " " , "", (11).
, , 11 1573 ., , , , - , .
1397 . , . 1523 . , I . XIV (15601568) III (15681592) , , . - , , . , " ". , , , , .. , " "(12).
, . . " , . , : ". .. . .. , (13). , , , . III , . , : "" "" . , , (14).
, , , . , 1563 . XIV " ... , " (15). 15711572 . III (16). , " ", (17). III " ", , " ; , , " (18).
IV ( , , , ). 1556 . II , I " , ", "" , "", " " (19). 1570 . "" "". : " " (20). 1575 . , , : III " , , , , , , , , " (21).
"", XIV , , , . 16 1567 . , , " " . , , . XIV . , , , , " " (22). . , 29 1568 ., XIV , " " (23). III, .
.. , , XIV " ", , " " " " (24). , : , - , , . , , III, , , , " ", , " " (25). , " ", , " ". " (26).
III - . , , , . - . 1570 1571 . , , , . . , , , : " ", " ", " " (27). 1571 . " " (28), ( , ) . 1572 . . , 1573 . IV 11 1573 . (29), "" .
, , " ", III. : " , , , , , , , , ..." (30). " , ( . ..), ... , ... , ..." (31).
, " ", - , , III 17 1571 ., . , " " , . , " , , , , (32), , ( . ..)" (33).
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(1160) II, 1054 . (36). . , , , .
15711572 ., (Sweden Riksarkivet. Muscovitica 671), , , III . 1571 . , , "": " , , . , , ( . ..). , ". , " , ", , " , , " (37).
, " ", III 31 1572 . : " , , , " (38). 11 1573 ., " " "-": " - , ". , , , , () 1030 . , -. , 1559 .,
, : " ", " " (39).
, , , 1559 . II. , " ", , " 600 , , , , (. ..) ". , " " (40). (1560) . , " - , ". IV , " () , , , , ...", " ... " (41).
"" . - 1575 . . . "" , " , ..." (42). 1616 . . 7 , " , , ; , " (43).
, , -, , , "" , , -, . " " "-" IV III?
.. , " , ", " " (44). .. , , , "", " , , ", , " " (45). .. , "", "", "", , , , (46).
, "" . , XI . " , , , 1054 . ", "", "", "" (47). XII ., () , "" ( ) , , , , , - : " , ; , , , , , " (862) (48). XIIXIII . "" , , , , "" (49).
"" , , XV ., " " ( , , , (50) ). "" "" (" ", ), "" "" (" , , , , ", ). "" "". , ( XV ., 40- . XV .) 986 . "" () "": " " (51). : " " (), " " () (52).
.. , , " (.. . ..) ", " " , " ()" (53). .-. , 13 1730 .: " , . ... ". .. , 16841687 . " " "" "" (54). XIXXX . (.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .) (55). , " , ". . 1814 . , , "" " , ". .. , " ..." (56).
XIXII . , XI ., ( 1377 ., XII ., ) ( 1425 ., XIII XIV .) , "", "" "" ( , ). 1263 . " ", 80- . XIII ., " ", "". ( XV .) XIIXIV . "" " " , , : ( ) , , (1234, 1242, 1268), (1268), (1302, "" "" ). , 1190 . ( , ), , " ". XI ., , "" ("") "" ( ) (57). , XXI ., "", "", "" "".
- XIIIXVII . XVI 30- . XVII . () ( XIV ., 1016 . 1273 1298 ., 10161233 . 30- 80- . XIII .) ( V .) "", , III . ( 986987 . , 1058 ., 1188 . "" : " , " (58)). 1217 1445 . "" (59), , , " ". , . , 1214, 1223, 1237 1242 . " ", 1268 . " " (60) ( 1343, 1367, 1406, 1407 1444 .). : 1410 . " " " ". "": " ", " " (1381, 1412, 1420) (61).
"" 1283 . ( " " " ") 1284, 1311, 1313, 1314, 1317, 1322, 1337, 1350, 1377, 1392, 1396 1397 (62). 1142 ., . "", " " " " 1164, 1240, 1251, 1256, 1292, 1293, 1295, 1300, 1323, 1338, 1339, 1348, 1350, 1395 1411 . "". , , 1350 1411 . , "", "", 1395 . " " (63). " " , , -"". , 1191, 1256 1292 . " ", 1311 . , " ". 1350 . " " (64). ( XVXVI .) 1271 1272 . "" (65), ( XVI . XVII .) 1548 . . "" (1519, 1611) (66). , "" "" (1439) (1453), .
-"", . 1204 . " ", " " ( ). 1231 1237 . - "" , . (1268 1391) "" "" . 1362 . ( ) " ", .. (67). 1348 . "" " " . ( 1452 .) "" : " , ..." (68).
, "" " ", . , (1575 1584) " ". (1588) , " , (. ..), , , ..." (69). (1590) "" " " (70). 16091610 . , " ... , , , , , , , ...", " " (71). "" (1611) " " (72). (1629, 1633) " " ", " ", (73). 1634 . , " , , ( . ..) ... ..." (74). - "" "" : "- , , -, - ", " , , , " (15851586), " " (15961599), " , , , , " (1601) (75).
"" , . ( ), .. . " " " , , " (76). , - , , , , , -"", " ". , 1227 . , ", , ; " (77). , , , , -"". , .. 1338 . , " , " (78). , ""-, 1293 . , .. " ".
, XI . "", - . , . . , 1547 . ( ), 1556 . V, , " " (79). . ( 15881589 .), , " , ", , - : " , " (80). . , 1570 . , "" : " ..." (81). 1566 . . , , , " , ". , "" . . , 1569 . , " , ..." (82).
, , "" (83). , (84), , "" , , , , . , " " , . .. , " IV " (85). " " "" " " ( V .), " ", -, " " (86). ( 186), , . 915 91 (10%) (87). - , "" , .
, , , . , , 40- 60- . XII . . . , " " , (88). , - ( ) , . , , , (89), , 1516 . (90), - , . . (.1746), . , , (91). 1840 . . , , - , , , , (92). , : ", " (93). ( ). VVIII . , XXII . , , , . .. , " , -- " (94). .. .. , I II . , .. (95). , , , , , , , - (96). - -. , - " - " " (97).
- "", (98). ( XV XVI .) 40- . XV . " ", "", " " (99). " " (100), (80- . III .), " ", "" (101). , "" " " (" "), "", "", " ", "", " ", "", " " (102). " ", , , " ". XVII . " " "" (103). (XVIII .) " ", "" (104).
" 1613 ." , .. , "". "" " " " ". " ", , " " (105). "" , "" "". " " " " (106). "" 1658 ., (107). .. , "" . , , " ", , 1617 . ( 1630 .) (108). , , "" (109).
"", "" "", "", "" , , (1609), . "" "" " ", "" . " " "" ( "" ) (110), (111). , "" , ", ", . , , " " ( XVIXVII .) "" (112), , , " " (113), "" XVXVII . , , , : .
"" XVII . . . , , , : "... , , , , , , , , , ". , , "" , , , , (, , ), . 60- . XVII . . , , , (" , , "). 1730 . .-. , " , ... , " (114). , , .
"", "", "", "", "", , , , . , , , " ", 1576 . , , " , , , " (115). , , , , , , , . , .
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24. . .I. .123.
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26. .. .129. .232; . .127.
27. .. .129. .228; . . . .40.
28. .. .129. .207.
29. .. . . .I. .217-218.
30. 1319 . . 1537 . , ("dux") ( . .627, .14). . III 1571 . ( . .127).
31. .. .129. .234, 236-237.
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52. . .83; . .2. ., 1962. .72.
53. . . .I. ., 1809. .104-105, 317-318, 330, 335, 344, 421; . . .II. ., 1816. .167, 188.
54. . . .1. ., ., 1985. .159, .; .. : . XVI XVIII . ., 1999. .287.
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57. .. .214-227.
58. (). ., ., 1950. .39, 132-134, 148-149, 183.
59. . .66, 72-73, 77-78, 80, 86-88, 98, 258, 261, 264, 272, 282-283, 294-297, 307, 316, 318-319, 329, 341, 346, 354-356, 362, 368-371, 374, 378, 383-384, 399-404, 408, 412, 423-425.
60. . .52, 61, 74, 78, 86, 251, 263, 285, 295, 316.
61. . .356, 370, 378, 399-401, 404, 412, 424.
62. . . 93-96, 325, 333-335, 337-339, 348, 361-362, 374, 385, 387, 389.
63. . .26, 31, 77, 81, 91, 97, 212, 218-219, 291, 304, 308, 327-328, 330, 339, 348-350, 359-362, 387, 402-403.
64. . .81, 93, 230, 309, 327, 333, 361-362.
65. . .V. .1. .197-198.
66. . .1. .101, 117, 124.
67. . .46, 47, 71, 74, 86, 241, 243, 280, 285, 316, 368, 384.
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69. , (). .1. ., 1836. .351, 410-411.
70. , . .1. ., 1846. .213-214.
71. , (). .2. ., 1819. .358, 372; . .2. ., 1836. .219, 226, 248; XIIIXVII . / . . .I. ., 1898. .318.
72. . .2. .316-317.
73. . .3. ., 1822. .306, 338-339.
74. , . .3. ., 1841. .331.
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115. .. . . ., 1895. .115.
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