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1.

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

2.


 

, .

. , .

, , , , , , , , , . , , , , . , .

.. , .. , .. .. , .. , .. . , , . , , , .

. . , , , - . , . " , . . , , 4,8 57 , 183 , .

: t 1,5...2,5 . I ( 60 % , . 30 % . , , 15...25 % . , , , - , , , , 60 % . , , .


1.

. . .

- 184 0.1 . 500 200 305 16 32- 2 6 300 200 ,. 127 16 16- 2 6. : 40 /; 0,12 /. ,

Ra= 1,25 .

, 0,05 .

- 13 6- 1 65, 16 16- 2 6. 256-50 30 /. Ra = 0,32 . .

161 600 63 305 16 32- 2 65 11 /. Ra - 0,32 . . -197 -29 400 500 . 203 16 25- 15 5 40 /.

Ra = 0,63 . .

- 3864 4...6. 16 /, 36 /. , -10578. , , ( ), , , , , , .

, .

1.1

0,3 . . , . .

. . , 200250 / 2,02,5 / . 100 :1 . - .

, . (225300 /) (5,56,0 /)

. , , .

() . , , , .

, , . , , .

? , .

, . , . , 3045 p 25 35 /2, . .

, 2 18 .

1.2

: , , , , . , , , .

, , , .

, . , : 20 / ; 25 / ; 25 / ; 5 / () . 56 23 /2. 7080 .

, , , . 5/ .

: 360.400 / ; 10 20 / . 2,5 3,0 /2, 1520, 1-2 . , , . .

: 250300 / ; 1,Of 1,5 / ; 10 / ;

.

0,5 /2, < 5 0,5 /2, /2 6090 .

. : 2030 / 1020 / ; 2530 / . 34 , 60-70 .

.

1.3

 

. . , , .

, . . - : , /3, 1535 , 11,9 ] 10~ -1, 735...776 , 10...50%, 1600...7800 . - (, , , , ) . , (4000...600& ) , . , , (, , , ) . - : , (85... 95 %); 0,2... 0,5 /; 0,8... 1,2 ; ( 1600...7800 ) ; , ; , , , + >>; 30...50% .

. . , .

. (60...90), .

( ) , .

.

1 23

7080 7080 7080

. /" 20...4020...5020...60

, %85...9285...9585...95

, 0,8...1,20,8...1,20,8... 15

4 56

, 95...9820...5030...50

, /210...1510...3020...25

, % 90 85...9285...92

, -0,5... 1,30,6... 1,2

 

08 10. , . () .

1 6500 1,0...1,2 . 2 , , 1 ( , 1).

3 3 . .

1 3 . 1 , 3 , , .

4 . 5 , .

- 6 : , , . .

.


(, .)

, ,

(70...80)

30%-

, (50...60)

(70...80)

(70...80)

I II

1 1

(2) (2)

3 3

4                                                      4

(5) (5)

6 6

7                                                      7

8                                                      8

9                                                      9

- 10

10                                                    13

11                                                    12

12                                                    14

13                                                    15

14                                                    16

15                                                    17

16                                                    18

17                                                    19

18 20

18                                                    21

(20) (22)


,

.

: , ,

: , , , , .

.

1.4

 

, . . . , , . ( ) . , . , ( , , .), , , . , , - SiC, , , ( 75 % ), , . : , , , , ( 95 % ), , .

, , , . , . , - . . , , 250... 1200 ; - , , , , .

. . , . .

.

, , (53...55) (63...64). (64) , 40...50 HRC.

50 , . , , , . , . 30 %, - 3 . 5 HRC , , 2...3 . , .

, . . , . ; . , , .

 


2.

. 5 . , . . , , . , - , , .

. . , , . . , - . ( ) . (3/) 1 2 : - 5000; - 3600.

- 8... 10- . .

1:150 . 1.5 - 2 . . 17... 19', 70%.

, , .

, . , . 2...3%- , 1%- . . , , , , , 2...3% , 1%- , .


 

, , . , .

() , .

() :

-     ;

-     , ;

-     r ;

- . . , .

: ; 1 . , , .

80...90 % , , , , , .

- .

- - , . ( ) , . , . . . - . , , , . .

.

. . - . - . . .

, , , , . - . .

. . - . , , , . , , .

. .

. Ra 0,32 . , , . , , . .


 

1.   . . . .... , 1981

2.   .. . . . . , 1985

3.   . . . .., 1977

4.   : . . . . . / .. , .. . .: , 2002. -496.

5.   ., ., 1993


. ()

1

2

3

, :

:

:

2,0

2,5

11,0

11,0

138,0

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