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35 1990, 1991 . (. 1). : , , 2, , () , () , 5, , , - .
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( 1991 .) (. 1). 2. 1991 . , . .
/, - , - , I- (I - , II , , - , ) 0.56, 0.90, 0.62, 2 - 2.34, 1.79, 0.91. (0.28, 0.51, 0.20 ).
t . t 1-111 / = 0.05, 0.09 0.05, / = 0.12, 0.03, 0.03 . , (/ = 0.2, 0.21 0.14).
2 , - O2 , , . 2 2, (15-20 ) . O2 , (. 2).
O2 (34%) (3-12%). 2-5% (. ) . . O2 11%. 6-7 .
12-17 2. . 2 0.5-1.2 / (5-11% ), . 2,3,5,14, . . . 2 (1.8-4.3 /, 16-18% ) . 2 (32-41%) ) 1991 . (. 2).
1. 1- . ( , ; ; ; - ; / - ; s - , ; - , 18, /; t - , ; O2 - , 2/)
- |
I( =14) |
( =10) |
III (/1=11) |
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/ |
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s k t O2 |
2.2 17.0 18.1 20.1 15.9 9.3 3.9 |
1.8-3.5 16.0-18.0 16.8-20.4 19.6-20.6 11.4-20.3 8.6-9.8 9.6-0.5 |
0.77 0.12 0.2 0.05 0.56 0.13 2.34 |
2.5 13.6 14.9 18.2 11.9 8.7 4.0 |
2.2-3.0 13.4-13.8 13.6-16.6 17.4-19.1 8.4-19.1 8.3-9.0 9.0-1.8 |
0.32 0.03 0.21 0.09 0.9 0.08 1.79 |
1.94 12.3 12.9 19.4 15.0 9.5 7.2 |
1.5-2.3 12.2-12.6 12.2-13.9 18.8-19.8 9.9-19.3 8.0-10.0 9.5-3.0 |
0.41 0.03 0.14 0.05 0,62 0.21 0.91 |
h/ |
02 |
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h/ |
02 |
|
h |
02 |
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I |
13 |
- |
9.50 |
III |
||||
1 |
- |
9.30 |
14 |
0.09 |
8.08 |
25 |
- |
9.30 |
2 |
16 |
7.20 |
15 |
0.25 |
7.22 |
26 |
7.07 |
|
3 |
0.09 |
8.15 |
II |
27 |
0.14 |
8.43 |
||
4 |
- |
7.93 |
16 |
0.44 |
6.09 |
28 |
- |
9.50 |
5 |
0.12 |
7.24 |
17 |
0.53 |
5.84 |
29 |
8.10 |
|
6 |
- |
8.02 |
18 |
0.42 |
6.50 |
30 |
8.00 |
|
7 |
0.48 |
5.39 |
19 |
- |
9.00 |
31 |
- |
8.10 |
8 |
0.40 |
6.29 |
20 |
0.38 |
6.71 |
32 |
8.40 |
|
9 |
9.64 |
21 |
0.32 |
7.27 |
33 |
- |
9.50 |
|
10 |
0.46 |
6.16 |
22 |
8.04 |
34 |
0.07 |
3.00 |
|
11 |
0.57 |
5.23 |
23 |
0.51 |
5.95 |
35 |
- |
8.90 |
12 |
0.62 |
4.63 |
24 |
0.38 |
6.45 |
2. I-III . O2 2, /, ( - 2)
. 2. t, O2, O2 O2(t) (, ) (, ) 1991 . . 11, 12,26, 27 (- ).
O2 , . , 2 ( 1-2 - ). O2 .
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2 ( I), h/ 0.57-0.62, II - 0.51-0.53, - 0.07-0.14 (. 2).
02 . , . , 1964 ., -, . . , 1972,1973 . .. .. , ( = 16 ) O2 , (4.8.9 2/, .. 53% ).
1990, 1991 . . (0). .
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.5 8.5 15.8, - 1.6 24.0, - 1.9 26.0 - 2.5 28.0 2/ , .. , 5 30 02/ .
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18 16.0-18.0 16.8-20.4, - 13.4-13.8 13.6-15.6, - 12.2-12.6 12.2-13.9 / . . , , . , 12.60 0.24, 14.16 0.20, 17.58 0.35 (.3).
3. , /, I-III . 1991 .
I |
II |
III |
|||
3 |
17.14 |
16 |
14.39 |
25 |
12.54 |
7 |
17.60 |
17 |
14.40 |
26 |
12.93 |
8 |
17.10 |
18 |
14.23 |
27 |
12.93 |
10 |
17.50 |
20 |
13.98 |
28 |
12.37 |
11 |
17.70 |
21 |
13.87 |
34 |
12.46 |
12 |
17.90 |
23 |
14.15 |
35 |
12.37 |
14 |
18.15 |
24 |
14.09 |
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15 |
14.06 |
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17.58+0.35 |
14.16+0.2 |
12.60+0.24 |
4. . 1990 1991 .
|
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|
32 |
3.5 |
5.6-1.7 |
1.12 |
|
31 |
2.5 |
23.4-0.6 |
9.38 |
|
33 |
0.6 |
1.5-0.08 |
2.37 |
|
33 |
0.29 |
1.76-0.06 |
5.86 |
|
33 |
0.63 |
1.3-0.2 |
1.74 |
|
33 |
0.60 |
2.84-0.24 |
4.33 |
|
33 |
20.2 |
40.0-5.23 |
1.72 |
|
33 |
1.48 |
4.0-0.27 |
2.52 |
|
2 |
33 |
5.49 |
25.6-2.13 |
4.27 |
V |
22 |
0.16 |
0.5-0.01 |
2.97 |
5 |
33 |
0.42 |
0.76-0.29 |
1.12 |
5 |
25 |
0.81 |
2.2-0.12 |
2.57 |
5 |
33 |
1.01 |
2.55-0.22 |
2.50 |
33 |
0.14 |
0.15-0.10 |
0.35 |
, . , . (, , Ni). ( ) , . 7.72 8.93.
. , (/ = 9.38), u (5.86), n (4.33), Zn (4.27), (0.35), Sr (1.12), u (1.12) (. 4). n - . ( ) , . , .
0.01-16.7 , - 40.9 . , , . , . , . . , V, , S, s, . . , , S, s , ( . , . , .).
, / , : s 1.8 21.2 , d - 0.29 6.0 , - 3.3 143 , u - 0.2 80.2 , Zn - 13.7 50.5 . , Ni, d . . ( = / 0, / ) : = 2.2 103, = 246 103.
-
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, .
: . - (. 5). . , ( 4 24%). , . 111 1, 1979 .
. 5 2%, 0 9%.
(. 5). . 28-32, - 66%. 21 55, - 27 60, - 31 54%. .
.
, 54% , 33, - 13%. . 111 1. . , ( , , Chlorella Scendesmus). 88, - 7 5% .
5. 1-111 . 1991 . ( - , )
I |
II |
III |
|
|
12/3 |
18/7 |
17/5 |
- |
2.0/0.7 |
3.8/1.7 |
3.2/1.4 |
, . / |
53.7/10.5 |
41.8/9.3 |
45.6/9.8 |
, / |
7.3/1.2 |
3.7/0.9 |
4.2/0.7 |
. . 1- 1991 ., %
|
|
I |
II |
III |
9 |
37 |
23 |
||
25 |
31 |
49 |
||
66 |
32 |
28 |
||
16 |
35 |
42 |
||
29 |
36 |
37 |
||
55 |
29 |
21 |
||
21 |
45 |
41 |
||
29 |
38 |
21 |
||
60 |
27 |
38 |
||
35 |
- |
38 |
||
21 |
- |
31 |
||
54 |
- |
31 |
- . . . . , .. , . , , .. Flagellata . 40 , , ( 1-2 ) Flagellata , .
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. , , , . .
, . . , , . . . . 70- . , . , . , , .
( , , ) . . 2; 0.05-0.06 O2/( ), .. . ( 2, ) . , 26 28 , , O2 2.8-3.0 /, O2 6 / 20-30 5.7 / ( 39 ).
, . , 2 . - 2 4.3, . - 7.5, . --0.8 /.
, - , , , .. , , , .
, (, 1940; , 1957: , , 1973; , 1973, 1975;
, , 1975). (, 1912; , 1936).
- 1973 . ( ) . . : , , , , , , , , , , - - . ; , , . , : , , , ( . ). , ( 1970 .), . . , . , . . , ().
- 205 . . : . -212 2, - 183 2. . , . 1843 . . . , , , . - (, 1970).
79 (50 29 ), 61 (38 23 ), . 58 (40 18 ).
: Marstoniopsis steini - . : . 20 . (, 1940), . . (, 1920), . . . (, 1925), . - . . (, 1975). (1912) . . . , . Lymnaea glabra (Mull.), , , L. clavafa, L. glabra . L. glabra , . Anisus uorticulus . . . . , , . . , , .
. - Viviparus viviparus, V. contectus, BUhynia tentaculata, Lymnaea patula, L. auricularia, L. ovata, L. stagnaUs. Planorbarius corneas, Pisidium amni-cum, P. inflatum, Unio pictorum, U. tumidus, U. conus, U. limosus, Anodonfa minima, A piscinalis. ( ) Valvatidae (Valvata piscinalis, V. cristata, V. pulchella), Bithynidae (Bithy-nia tentaculata, B. inflafa, B. troscheli), Planorbidae {Anisus vortex, A. contortus, Planor-bis planorbis), Lymnaeidae (Lymnaea truncaiula, L. peregra, L. ovaia).
(Typha latifolia} . Lymnaea palustris, L. stagnalis. Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, Physa fontinalis. : Lymnaea stagnalis, Physa fontinalis, Pianorbarius corneus, P. purpura, P. banaticus, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, . con-tortus, A. albus, Bithynia tentaculata, B. inflata, Valvata pulchella, V. cristata.
, . , : Lymnaea sfagnalis, L. palustris, Physa fonfinalis, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, Viviparus contectus. , :
Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, A. contortus, Pianorbarius corneus, P. purpura. Aero-loxus lacustris. , . (1912), (). (1912) . , . , Margaritifera margaritifera, . , -, . (, 1977).
: Lymnaea patula, L. atra, L. intermedia, L. tumida, L. fontinalis, L. inflata, Unio conus, Pianorbarius purpura, P. banaticus ( Planorbis corneus), Euglesa ruut, E. humerosa, E. waldeni ( ), Anisus acronicus ( Gyraulis gredleri), Hippeutis fontana . complanatus), Musculium ryckhoiti ( lacustre). . ryckhoiti , , , - . terverianum (Dupuy), . crepleni (Dunker). Euglesa tetragona Pisidium nullum, Sphaerium nitidium S. radiatum, Euglesa personata Pisidium Dusilum.
. : Lymnaea palustris, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, Unio piciorum, U. tumidus, U. conns', :
Valvata piscinalis, V. pulchella, V. cristata, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex,. Bithynia inflata, B. tentaculata.
88 , . (), : -2, - 16, , - 8. - 36, - -17, - - 6, - - 1, - 2.
. , . , , , . , .
. , , . , .
ʠ :
1. .., .., .. . .// . ., 1997. 24, . 3. . 344 351. .: . 351 ().
2. . .. 3. . . 1936. . 38 44
3. .. , 1981, . 60, 12. 1878 1881.
4. . . '' '', 1976. 5 . 23 24
5. .. 7, 1965, . 128.
.. . , 1966, 8, . 18 - 20
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