êóðñîâûå,êîíòðîëüíûå,äèïëîìû,ðåôåðàòû
Âð. Ãðóïïà |
Active |
Passive |
|
Indefinite |
to ask |
to be asked |
|
Continuous |
to be asking |
---------- |
|
Perfect |
to have asked |
to have been asked |
|
Perfect Continuous |
to have been asked |
---------- |
I. Ôîðìû èíôèíèòèâà:
1. Indefinite Infinitive:
Âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, îäíîâðåìåííîå ñ äåéñòâèåì, âûðàæåííûì ñêàçóåìûì.
I am glad to see you
Ðàä âàñ âèäåòü
2. Continuous Indefinite:
Âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, â ïðîöåññå êîòîðîãî ïðîèñõîäèò äåéñòâèå, âûðàæåííîå ñêàçóåìûì.
I am sorry to be disturbing you
Ìíå æàëü, ÷òî ÿ âàñ ñåé÷àñ áåñïîêîþ
3. Perfect Infinitive:
Âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, ñîâåðøèâøååñÿ ðàíåå äåéñòâèÿ, âûðàæåííîãî ñêàçóåìûì.
I am sorry to have told him of it
ß ñîæàëåþ, ÷òî ñêàçàë( óæå ñêàçàë) åìó îá ýòîì
4. Perfect Infinitive:
Âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, êîòîðîå ïðîèñõîäèëî ðàíåå äåéñòâèÿ, âûðàæåííîãî ñêàçóåìûì, íî âñå åùå ïðîäîëæàâøååñÿ.
I am sorry to have been living here
Ìíå æàëü, ÷òî ÿ çäåñü æèâó( è ïðîäîëæàþ æèòü )
II. "Ãîëûé" èíôèíèòèâ:
1. I saw him enter the room
Èíôèíèòèâ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ñ ãëàãîëàìè, âûðàæàþùèìè ÷óâñòâåííûå âîñïðèÿòèÿ è îùóùåíèÿ:
to see
to hear
to feel smbd. Do smth.
to watch
to notice
2. They let him smoke in the room
He made her laugh
make smbd. do smth.
Let
3. The teacher won't have us miss classes
won't have smbd. do smth.
4. We had better go home now
I would rather stay a little longer
had better do smth.
would rather do smth.
5. Why not come and talk to her?
Why not do smth.
III. Ôóíêöèè èíôèíèòèâà:
1. Ïîäëåæàùåå ( ÷òî äåëàòü? ):
To live is to struggle
Æèòü - çíà÷èò áîðîòüñÿ
2. Èìåííàÿ ÷àñòü ñîñòàâíîãî ñêàçóåìîãî:
ñóù+to be+èíôèíèòèâ
His dream was to leave the town
Åãî ìå÷òà áûëà î òîì, ÷òîáû ïîêèíóòü ãîðîä
ñóù+to be+ïðèëàã+èíôèíèòèâ
äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ îòíîøåíèÿ ãîâîðÿùåãî î ÷åì-òî
It is easy to be a doctor
Ëåãêî áûòü äîêòîðîì
3. Â ñëîæíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè:
She seems to be in a hurry
Îíà, êàæåòñÿ, ñïåøèò
She is sure to come soon
Îíà, êîíå÷íî, ñêîðî ïðèäåò
4. Ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå:
Óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ñ ãëàãîëàìè, âûðàæàþùèìè æåëàíèå èëè íåæåëàíèå
to want
to hate
to (would)like smbd. to do smth.
to dislike
to expect
to wish
I want you to understand me
ß õî÷ó, ÷òîáû âû ìåíÿ ïîíÿëè
Ïðèìå÷àíèå:
He is glad. He has moved into a new flat.
He is glad to have moved into a new flat.
He is glad. Ann has moved into a new flat.
He is glad for Ann to have moved into a new flat.
5. Îïðåäåëåíèå(êàêîé?, êîòîðûé? ):
the first
the last to do smth.
the next
He was the first to come.
Îí áûë ïåðâûì, êòî ïðèøåë
ïðè ïåðåâîäå ñîþç "êîòîðûé"
The mill to produce these goods...
Çàâîä, êîòîðûé ïðîèçâîäèò ýòè òîâàðû...
6. Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà ñòåïåíè èëè ìåðû:
to be too+ +to do smth.
to be+ +enough+to do smth.
She is too small to understand us
She is small enough for him to lift
There is too much water to swim
7. Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî öåëè ( äëÿ ÷åãî? ):
I went there to see my friends
8. Ïðÿìîå äîïîëíåíèå( êîãî?, ÷òî? ):
I want to do this
I am sorry to have told him of it
9. Îáîðîò òèïà 'used to':
Äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ ïîâòîðÿåìîñòè äåéñòâèÿ â ïðîøëîì
He used to get up very early
Îí îáû÷íî âñòàâàë î÷åíü ðàíî
|
Âð. ãðóïïà |
Active |
Passive |
|
Indefinite |
asking |
being asked |
|
Perfect |
having asked |
having been asked |
I. Ôîðìû ãåðóíäèÿ:
1. Indefinite Gerund:
Âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, îäíîâðåìåííîå ñ äåéñòâèåì, âûðàæåííûì ñêàçóåìûì.
I know of his playing in an orchestra
ß çíàþ, ÷òî îí èãðàåò ( íàñò. âð. ) â îðêåñòðå
2. Perfect Gerund:
Âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, êîòîðîå ïðîèñõîäèëî ðàíåå äåéñòâèÿ, âûðàæåííîãî ñêàçóåìûì.
I know of his having played in an orchestra
ß çíàþ, ÷òî îí èãðàë ( ðàíüøå ) â îðêåñòðå
II. Ôóíêöèè ãåðóíäèÿ:
1. Ïîäëåæàùåå ( ÷òî? ):
Reading is good for you
×òåíèå âàì ïîëåçíî
2. Èìåííàÿ ÷àñòü ñîñòàâíîãî ñêàçóåìîãî:
to like
to keep
to start doing smth.
to stop
to begin
????????????????? There is no use studying all day long
Íåò ñìûñëà ó÷èòüñÿ äíè íàïðîëåò
He started working
Îí íà÷àë ðàáîòàòü
3. Áåñïðåäëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå:
to remember
to avoid
to enjoy
to suggest doing smth.
to forgive
to mind ( negative only )
needs ( wants )
to be worth
He avoids using this word
Îí èçáåãàåò èñïîëüçîâàòü ýòî ñëîâî
The hair needs ( wants ) cutting
The book is worth reading
Êíèãà ñòîèò òîãî, ÷òîáû åå ïðî÷èòàòü
4. Ïðåäëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå:
to be good ( bad ) at
to be well up in
to succeed in
to object to
to prevent from doing smth.
to insist on
to look forward to
to thank for
to think of
I objected to going home
She succeeded in getting tickets
She is good at cooking
5. Îïðåäåëåíèå:
idea
hope
way` of doing smth.
chance
thought
reason for doing smth.
difficulty in doing smth.
He knows different ways of learning English
What was the main reason for doing that
I have no difficulty in swimming
5. Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî âðåìåíè ( êîãäà? ):
on - êàê òîëüêî
after - ïîñëå òîãî, êàê doing smth.
before - ïåðåä òåì, êàê
After learning the truth he got angry
Ïîñëå òîãî, êàê îí óçíàë ïðàâäó, îí ðàññåðäèëñÿ
On coming home he went to bed
Êàê òîëüêî îí âåðíóëñÿ äîìîé, îí ïîøåë ñïàòü
6. Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî îáðàçà äåéñòâèÿ ( êàêèì îáðàçîì? ):
by
without doing smth.
I can do that without your helping me
ß ìîãó ýòî ñäåëàòü áåç âàøåé ïîìîùè
I don't think you will gain anything by waiting
ß íå äóìàþ, ÷òî âû ÷åãî-òî äîáüåòåñü òåì, ÷òî áóäåòå æäàòü
He left the room without saying a word
Îí âûøåë èç êîìíàòû íå ñêàçàâ íè ñëîâà
|
Âð. ãðóïïà |
Active |
Passive |
|
Present |
asking |
being asked |
|
Past |
---------- |
asked |
|
Perfect |
having asked |
having been asked |
I. Present Participle Active:
Âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, îäíîâðåìåííîå ñ äåéñòâèåì, âûðàæåííûì ñêàçóåìûì â íàñòîÿùåì, ïðîøëîì è áóäóùåì âðåìåíè.
Working very hard he became tired ( past )
Working very hard he will be tired ( future )
Working very hard he become tired ( present )
Ôóíêöèè Present Participle Active:
1. Îïðåäåëåíèå ( êàêîé? ):
Ñòàâèòüñÿ êàê ïåðåä ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì, òàê è ïîñëå íåãî.
The girl reading a book is my sister.
Äåâóøêà, ÷èòàþùàÿ êíèãó - ìîÿ ñåñòðà
The sleeping child is my brother
Ñïÿùèé ðåáåíîê - ìîé áðàò
2. Äååïðè÷àñòèå íåñîâåðøåííîãî òèïà ( êîãäà?, êàê? ):
while
when doing smth.
Îáû÷íî ñîþçû îïóñêàþòñÿ. Ñòàâèòñÿ ëèáî â íà÷àëå, ëèáî â êîíöå ãëàâíîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ.
When ( while ) working hard he become tired.
He become tired working hard.
He lay on the sofa reading
4. Ñëîæíîå ïîäëåæàùåå:
I saw her entering ( enter ) the room
ß âèäåë, êàê îíà âõîäèëà â êîìíàòó
5. Ñóáúåêòíûé ïðè÷àñòíûé îáîðîò:
ñóù+to be+III ô. ãëàã.+Participle
Ïðè ïåðåâîäå ñîþç "êàê"
The plane was seen crossing the ocean
Âèäåëè, êàê ñàìîëåò ïåðåñåêàë îêåàí
II. Present Participle Passive:
Ôóíêöèè Present Participle Passive:
1. Îïðåäåëåíèå ( êàêîé? ):
A house being built in our street is very good
Äîì, ñòîÿùèéñÿ íà íàøåé óëèöå î÷åíü õîðîøèé
2. Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî îáðàçà äåéñòâèÿ ( êàê? ):
Èíîãäà ïåðåâîäèòüñÿ ñëîâîì "áóäó÷è"
Being very busy, John didn't go there
Áóäó÷è î÷åíü çàíÿòûì Äæîí òóäà íå ïîøåë
Being lost much blood I felt rather weak
Ïîòåðÿâ ìíîãî êðîâè ÿ îùóùàë óñòàëîñòü
III. Past Participle Passive:
Ôóíêöèè Past Participle Passive:
1. Îïðåäåëåíèå ( êàêîé? ):
Ñòàâèòñÿ êàê ïåðåä, òàê è ïîñëå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî
the lost book
ïîòåðÿííàÿ êíèãà
the books written by Darwin
êíèãè, íàïèñàííûå Äàðâèíîì
2. Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî îáðàçà äåéñòâèÿ ( êàê? ):
Àíàëîãèÿ ñ ôóíêöèåé Present Participle Passive
Being lost much blood I felt rather weak
Ïîòåðÿâ ìíîãî êðîâè ÿ îùóùàë óñòàëîñòü
Lost much blood I felt rather weak
Ïîòåðÿâ ìíîãî êðîâè ÿ îùóùàë óñòàëîñòü
3. Êîíñòðóêöèÿ ñ Past Participle Passive:
ñóù+ãëàã+ñóù+participle
Âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, êîòîðîå èñïûòûâàåò íà ñåáå ëèöî èëè ïðåäìåò, âûðàæåííîå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì èëè ìåñòîèìåíèåì, ñòîÿùèì ïåðåä Past Participle Passive
Èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ãëàãîëû ÷óâñòâåííîãî âîñïðèÿòèÿ è æåëàíèÿ:
Ïðè ïåðåâîäå ñîþçû "÷òî(êàê)"
to see
to hear
to watch
to feel
to notice
to have
to want (get)
I heard my name pronounced
ß ñëûøàë, ÷òî (êàê) ïðîèçíåñëè ìîå èìÿ
I had my watch repaired
Ìíå ïî÷èíèëè ÷àñû
III Perfect Participle Active:
Âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, ïðåäøåñòâîâàâøåå äåéñòâèþ, âûðàæåííîìó ñêàçóåìûì.
Ôóíêöèè Perfect Participle Active:
1. Îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî ( êîãäà?, êàê? ):
Having read the book the boy returned it to the library
Ïðî÷èòàâ êíèãó, ìàëü÷èê âåðíóë åå â áèáëèîòåêó
VI. Perfect Participle Passive:
Having been given the toy the child stopped crying
Ïîñëå òîãî êàê ðåáåíêó äàëè èãðóøêó, îí ïåðåñòàë ïëàêàòü
Èñïîëüçîâàíèå áèáëåéñêèõ ñþæåòîâ â ïðîåêòíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ó÷àùèõñÿ ñòàðøèõ êëàññîâ ñðåäíåé øêîëû (íà ïðèìåðå íåìåöêîãî ÿçûêà)
Èñïîëüçîâàíèå âèäåî íà óðîêàõ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà
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