. , , ,

,,,

,

- 1 . . , . .

() , ,

, : , , , , , , , .

:

  ,

  , . .

.

1. ,

2. .

3. Microsoft Access 2003.

4. .

5. .


1.

 

1.1

 

, .

() , .. , .

( ).

, .. , .

(.. ), , , , .

( ) , . , .

( Primary )

():

. , .

  , - , , - ( NULL) , , . .

.

1.2 . 

, . , .. , .

.

- , :

) -- (1:1). , . .

) -- (1:), /0. (1:1) . /0 .

) -- (N:1), N/1. N

) -- (N:M), N/1, M/0. , , M N .

, . : , , ?

(1:), (1:1), . , , , , .. .

(N:1), N/1, , .. , .

(N:M), , .

.  : , , .

. ( ) , . , . .

ER- .

(FK Foreigh ) . , :

1 ( PK1) 2 ( PK2) , (F1, F2), 1 2. .

( ), (F), . , .

. , .

1. (NULL)

2. (RESTRUCT);

3. (CASCADE).

1.3 . 

. , , . .  , , . , , . : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .

1.

( ) ( ) , .  à

2

( ) , ( à ) . : => .

3

(F1 à F2), .

4

(1) , (NULL) , .. 1.

5

(2) , 1 , ( ), .

6

() , 2 .

7

- () , .

8

, , .

() ( ) , , , , .

1.4

 

, , .

:

  ;

, , .

  ( ) .

.

1. .

.

2. .

, , .. , .

:

, .

, .

3. .

, :

 

 

 

  .

4. .

. .

5. .

, , .

.. .

. ,

, . , , , .


1.5 SQL

 

SQL (Structuret Query Language) , ANSI (American National Standart Institute) ISO (International Standart Organization)

SQL , , :

, ,

 

  ( )

, .

: (DDL), (DML), (DQL)

DDL.

CREATE TABLE.

:

  ( , )

  (PK FK)

 

 

< >:=CREATE TABLE <_>

(<_>[,<_>,]

[< >];

<_>:=<_><_>

[<_>]

<_>:=NOT NULL|UNIQUE|PRIMARY KEY

< >:=<_>

|<__>

|<_>

<_>:=<_>

(<_>[,<_>,])

<_>:= UNIQUE|PRIMARY KEY

<__>:=FOREIGN KEY (<_>

[,<_>,])

REFERENCES<__>

[<_FK>]

<_FK>:=ON UPDATE<>|ON DELETE<>

<>:=CASCADE|SET NULL|RESTRICT|SET DEFAULTNO ACTION

<_>:=CHECK (<>)

DQL

SELECT

SQL, .

SELECT ,
FROM ,
WHERE ()
GROUP BY
HAVING
ORDER BY

:

 

 

 

 

 


2.

2.1

 

: - 1.

: - 1 .

1. - 1.

- 1947 . . . , , , , , . , - .

- 1 , .

1 . , . , , , .

- 1 , . 41 . 14 (88%), :

63% 1 ,

25% 2 .

, .

1 587 , 26,7% , , .

3 452 , , 204 . , 5 . 2 . , , .

3- :

 16- (82 .)

 49- (384 .)

 85- (1128 .)

 48- (918 .).

132 , 694 . , 44 . . 2001, 2002, 2003 .; 2002, 2003 . , .

: , , - , , , , .

- :

 ,

 ,

  - ,

  - .

. , , , , .

1 , . , .

.

1.

:

,

:

2. .

:

, ,

:

( )

( )

3. .

( )

4. .

( , ,). ( ) , ( , , , , )

5.

:

,

:

( )

6. / .

:

:

.

:

. , .

-  -

-  1 , ,

-  1

  1

. . .

. , .

.

 

1 ... ..._
2 __
3 __
4 _
5 _
6 __
7 __
8 (, , , )
9 _
10 (, ,)
11
12
13 ( , , )
14 (, )
15 ( ,)
16 ... ..._
17 __
18 __
19 _
20 ... ..._
21 ... ..._
22 _
23 _
24 _ (, , , )
25
26 _
27 _
28
29 (, , , )
30
31 _ (, )
32
33 ( 1 ,)
34 __
35 _
36 _
37
38 , _ ( )
39 _
40 _
41 ( ) __
42 _ (, , ,)
43 ( - ,)
44 ( , -,)
45 _
46 . _ , (,)
47 _ (, )
48 ()
49 _ -
50 _
51 _

( 1,)

( )

52 _
53 ,
54 __
55 __
56 ... ..._

 

57
58 _
59
60 _
61
62
63
64 __
65 __
66 ,
67 _

:

1. , NULL-

2. , .

3. ,

4. .

5. .

6. .

7.

8.

9. .

10. ,

11. .

12.

13. .

14.

15.

16.

17.

.


2.2

 

():

(_, ..._, __, _, _, _, __, __, , , , _);

(_, ..._, __, _, _, ..._, ..._, );

(_, _);

(_, __, _) [ ];

(__, _);

(_, );

(_, );

(_, );

(_, );

(_, _);

(_, );

(__, );

(_, );

(__, , );

(_, );

:

(_, , _,) [];

(_, _) [ ] [];

(_, _, _, _) [ ];

(_, _, _, __) [ ];

(_, _) [ ] [ ];

(_, _, __, __, __) [ ] [];

(_, _, , _, __, _, _) [] [ ] [ ];

(_, _) [ ] [ ];

(_, _, _, _) [ ] [ ] [];

(__, _, _, _, _, _) [ ] [ ] [];

(_, _, __) [ ] [ ];

(_, _,) [ ] [ ];

(_, _, __) [ ] [];

.

2.3

 

SQL.

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

..._ TEXT(30) NOT NULL,

__ DATE NOT NULL,

_ CHAR(10),

_ CHAR (100) UNIQUE NOT NULL,

_񠠠 CHAR(100) NOT NULL,

__ DATE NOT NULL,

__ DATE,

CHAR (10) UNIQUE,

_

TEXT (1) NOT NULL,

CHECK ( IN (, )));

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

..._ TEXT(30) NOT NULL,

__ DATE NOT NULL,

_ CHAR(10),

_ CHAR(100) NOT NULL,

..._ TEXT(30),

..._ TEXT(30),

TEXT (1) NOT NULL,

CHECK ( IN (, )));

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

_ TEXT(20);

CHECK (_ IN ( , , , ͻ, , )));

CREATE TABLE

(__ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

_ CHAR(10)

CHECK (_ IN ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, , ӻ)));

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

TEXT(20);

CHECK ( IN ( , , )));

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

TEXT(30)

CHECK ( IN ( , , Ի, , Ի, 80- , )));

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

TEXT(15)

CHECK ( IN (, , )));

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

TEXT(20)

CHECK ( IN (, , , )));

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

_ TEXT(20)

CHECK (_ IN (, , , , , )));

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

TEXT(20)

CHECK ( IN ( , , , , , , , , , , )));

CREATE TABLE

(__ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

_ TEXT

CHECK ( IN (, , , , )));

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

CHAR(10)

CHECK ( IN (, , )));

CREATE TABLE

(__ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

_ TEXT

CHECK (_ IN (, );

(_, _) [ ] [];

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER

_ INTEGER)

PRIMARY KEY (_, _),

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE CASCADE

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

CHAR(10))

PRIMARY KEY (_),

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE CASCADE

ON UPDATE CASCADE

CHECK ( IN (û, /-1, /-1, /-1, /-2, /-2, /-2, /-3, /-3, /-3, -1, -1, -1, -2, -2, -2, -3, -3, -3, -4, -4, -4, -5, -5, -5, /-1, /-1, /-1, /-2, /-2, /-2, ̻)));

CREATE TABLE

(_INTEGER NOT NULL,

_DATA

_ TEXT

__ TEXT),

PRIMARY KEY (_),

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

CREATE TABLE

(_INTEGER NOT NULL,

__ INTEGER NOT NULL,

_ DATA

_ TEXT),

PRIMARY KEY (_)

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (__) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ INTEGER NOT NULL)

PRIMARY KEY (_),

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE;

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ INTEGER NOT NULL

DATA

_ INTEGER

_ INTEGER

__ DATA),

PRIMARY KEY (_, _),

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES ,

ON DELETE CASCADE

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES ,

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES ,

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER NOT NULL,

_ INTEGER NOT NULL

TEXT

_ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ TEXT

_ LOGICAL

_ DATE),

PRIMARY KEY (_),

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES ;

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (__) REFERENCES ;

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ INTEGER NOT NULL),

PRIMARY KEY (_, _),

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES ,

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES ;

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ INTEGER

_ INTEGER NOT NULL),

PRIMARY KEY (_, _),

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES ,

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES ,

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES ;

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

CREATE TABLE

(__ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ INTEGER NOT NULL

__ INTEGER NOT NULL

TEXT

_ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ DATA

_ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ INTEGER),

PRIMARY KEY (__),

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES ,

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ DATA

__ TEXT),

PRIMARY KEY (_, _),

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE CASCADE

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (__) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE RESTRICT

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER NOT NULL

_ INTEGER NOT NULL),

PRIMARY KEY (_, _

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE CASCADE

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

CREATE TABLE

(_ INTEGER NOT NULL

..._ TEXT

_ INTEGER NOT NULL

TEXT

__ DATA),

PRIMARY KEY (_, _

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE CASCADE

ON UPDATE CASCADE

FOREIN KEY (_) REFERENCES

ON DELETE RESTRICT

ON UPDATE CASCADE

2.4

1. , 2 .

:

(_, _);

(__, _);

(_, );

(_, );

(_, );

(_, );

(_, _);

(_, );

(__, );

(_, );

(__, , );

(_, );

(_, _) [ ] [ ];

(_, _) [ ] [ ];

(..._, ) [ ] [];

(_, _) [ ] [ ];

(_, _,) [ ] [ ];

2. , PK, 2. , .

(_, ..._, __, _, _, _, __, __, , , , _);

(_, ..._, __, _, _, ..._, ..._, );

, .

(, ) [];

: à . .

(, , _, _, _, _) [] [ ] [ ];

: (, _, _, _)à, (, _, _, _)à_. (, _, _, _) . . .. .

(..._, , _, ..._, _) [ ] [ ] [];

: (..._, , _) à..._, (..._, , _) à_. (..._, , _) . . .. .

3. PK.

(_, __, _) [ ];

: (_, __) à .

(_, __) . .

(_, _, _) [ ];

: (_, _) à_

(_, _) . .

(_, _, _, _, __) [ ];

: (_, _) à_, (_, _) à_, (_, _) à__

(_, _) . .

(..._, ..._, _, _, __) [ ] [];

: (..._, __) à..._, (..._, __) à_, (..._, __) à_.

(..._, __) . .

(..._, _, _, ..._) [ ] [ ] [];

: (..._, _) à_, (..._, _) à..._.

(..._, _) . .

(..._, , _, ..._, _) [ ] [ ] [];

: (..._, , _) à..._, (..._, , _) à_

(..._, , _) . .

(..._, _, _) [ ] [ ];

: (..._, _) à_.

.

(..._ , __) [ ] [];

: (..._, ) à__.

.



2.4

 

2.4.1

Microsoft Access 2003  / , Windows 2000 XP.

1. Access , , , . Access 2003 , Internet

2. ,

3. , Internet.

4. ,

5.

6. access

, Access 2003 . , .

2.4.2

1 .  . -.

:

. 2.1

:

, 2.2

:


, 2.3

:

, 2.4

:

" 2.5


:

, 2.6

:

, 2.7

:

, 2.8


:

, 2.9

:

, 2.4

:

, 2.10


2.4.3

1. . .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._, [ ]. __, [ ]. _, [ _1]...._, [ ]. __, ., [ ]. __, _1.

FROM [ ] AS [ _1] INNER JOIN ( AS _1 INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN ( INNER JOIN [ ] ON ._ = [ ]. __) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON _1._ = [ ]. __) ON [ _1]._ = [ ]. _;

2. . .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._, [ ]. _, ., [ ]. __

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ( INNER JOIN [ ] ON ._ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _;

3. .

SELECT [ ]. ..._, [ ]. _, [ ]. _

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] LEFT JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _;

4. . .

SELECT [ ]. ..._, [ ].

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _;

5. -. .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._, [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. _

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] LEFT JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _;

6. .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. , [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _;

7. 1 , , 1

SELECT [-]. _, [-]. _, ., [-]. _

FROM INNER JOIN [-] ON ._ = [-]. _;

8,9,10. , , ӻ.

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ]

WHERE ((([ ]. _)=2));

11,12,13,14,15. , 80  , , , 3.

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ]

WHERE ((([ ]. _)=2));

16,17,18,19,20,21. , , , , , ͻ 4

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ]

WHERE ((([ ]. _)=4));

22,23,24 , , 2

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ]

WHERE ((([ ]. __)=1));

25,26,27,28,29. , , , , 2

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ]

WHERE ((([ ]. _)=2));

30. - 2.

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ]

WHERE ((([ ]. )= ));

31,32,33. , , ӻ.

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. _=[ ]. _

WHERE ((([ ]. _)=2));

34,35,36,37,38. , , , ,

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ( INNER JOIN [ ] ON ._ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _

WHERE (((._)>[ ] And (._)<[ ]))

GROUP BY ._

HAVING (((._)=2));

39. ӻ.

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ];

40. ӻ.

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ];

41. 2.

SELECT Count([ ]. _) AS [Count-_]

FROM [ ]

WHERE ((([ ]. _)=Yes));

42. .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._, [ ]. __, [ ]. _

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _;

43,44,45,46. , , , .

SELECT [ ]. ..._

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _

WHERE ((([ ]. _)=2));

47. , , , .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. __, [ ]. _

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. __ = [ ]. __;

48.

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._, [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN ( INNER JOIN [ ] ON ._ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _;

49. , , , , .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._, ._, [ ]. _, ._

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN ( INNER JOIN [ ] ON ._ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = ._;

50. , , , .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. __, [ ]. _

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. __ = [ ]. __;

51. .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._, [ ]. _, [ ]. _

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _;

52. 1 .

SELECT ._, ._, ., ., ._, [ ]. _, .__, [ ]. _, ._, ._

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN ( INNER JOIN ON ._ = ._) ON [ ]. __ = .__) ON [ ]. _ = ._;

53. .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. , [ ]. _, . , [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ( INNER JOIN [ ] ON . _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _;

54. .

SELECT [ ]. ..._, [ ]. _, [ ]. _

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] LEFT JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _

WHERE ((([ ]. _)>[ ] And ([ ]. _)<[ ])) OR ((([ ]. _)>[ ] And ([ ]. _)<[ ])) OR ((([ ]. _)<[ ]) AND (([ ]. _)>[ ]));

55. .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._, [ ]. _, [ ]. __, [ ]. __, [ ]. __, [ ]. , [ ]. ..._, [ ]. ..._, [ ]. __, [ ]. _

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. __ = [ ]. __;

56. - -.

SELECT [-]. _, [ ]. ..._, [-]. _, ., [-]. _, [-]. _, [ ]. ..._, [-]. _

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN ( INNER JOIN [-] ON ._ = [-]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [-]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [-]. _;

57. .

SELECT [ ]. ..._, ._, ., ., [ ]. _, [ ]. _, ._, [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN ([ ] INNER JOIN (([ ] INNER JOIN ( INNER JOIN ON ._ = ._) ON [ ]. __ = .__) INNER JOIN [ ] ON ._ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = [ ]. _) ON [ ]. _ = ._;

58. .

SELECT [ ]. [Count-_], [ ]. [Count-_], [ ]. [Count-_], [ ]. [Count-_], [ ]. [Count-_]

FROM [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ];

59. .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. ..._, [ ]. __, [ ]. _

FROM [ ] INNER JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. __ = [ ]. __;

60. - - .

SELECT [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. _, [ ]. __

FROM [ ] LEFT JOIN [ ] ON [ ]. _=[ ]. _;

61. .

SELECT [ ]. ..._, [ ]. _, [ ]. _

FROM [ ]

WHERE ((([ ]. _)>[ ] And ([ ]. _)<[ ])) OR ((([ ]. _) Is Null));


2.4.4 ,

1. , . .

2.11.

2. , . . .


2.12

3. , . . 1.

2.13


4. , . . .

2.14

5.

2.15


6.

2.16

7.

2.17

8.


2.18

9.

2.19

10.


2.20

11.

2.21

12.

2.22

13.


2.23

14. -

2.24

15.

2.25

16.


2.26

17.

2.27

18.

2.28


19.

. 2.29

20.

2.30

21.


2.31

22, 23. .

24, 25 .

26.

2.32

2.4.5

1. . . . 1.

2. . 1 . 2.

3. , . , . 3.

4. . . 4.

5. . -   . 5.

6. ӻ. 1, 2, 3, 4 . 6.

7. . -


- 1 . .

:

  ( 29 );

  ( 61);

  , ( 45), ( 15) ( 10).

:

  ;

  ;

  ;

  ;

  ;

 

  ;

  ;

  .

, , .

:

  ;

  , :

  ;

  ;

  ;

  Microsoft SQL Server, -.


1.  . DB2..: , 1988, 320 .

2.  ..  . .: . , 2001. 1072 .

3.   ..,  .. Microsoft Access 2002. .: -, 2003. 718 .

4.   ..,  ..,  .. Microsoft ACCESS: . . .: , 2004. 240 .

5.   ..  : . . : , 2006. 380 .

- 1 . . ,

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :