,,,
:
151-
: ...
..
2003
充3
充9
...11
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, , , ( , , , - , ).
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, : , , () , , .
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, , , .
, , . , . - (). 2000 4% - , , . 18% - , [9][7].
. . , , ( 2000 ). 60% . , , , - . , , , [10][8]. , , . , , , [11][9]. , , . , , .
, (7.1% - 1999 ), (6.7%) (5%) , 4.6%[12][10]. () , . , 1998 7.5% 6%, 1999 4.2%. , , . - , , , , . , ( ), , , . , , . , , , .
, . , , , - , . , , , . , , , , . , .
. 1995 . , - 60 . 1993-1994.., , .
, , . , 10% . , . (37.7%), (13.5%), (13.1%), (12.3%)[13][11].
: , 20% [14][12]. , , . 30% - [15][13].
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, . , .
1. Foyn F. Community Innovation Survey 1997/1998. Eurostat, Research and Development, Theme 9- 2/1999, .15.
2. Role of Science and Technology in Creation Favorable Innovation Climate in Russia. Ministry of Industry, Science, and Technology of RF. Background paper. Helsinki Seminar, March 1-2, 2001, p.7-8.
3. .. 2000 . // , 9, 2000, .27.
4. , 4, 1997, .11.
5. .. (.). . I. , 2000, .108-127.
6. .. - : - . .
7. .., .., .., .. : 1995-2000.. - . ., , 2000.
8. 2000. . ., , 2000.
9. . . ., 2000.
[1][1] - . . ., 2000, .316.
2 [2] - 2000. . ., , 2000, .142.
[3][1] - ... 2000 . // , 9, 2000, .27.
[4][2] - F.Foyn. Community Innovation Survey 1997/1998. Eurostat, Research and Development, Theme 9- 2/1999, .15.
[5][3] - . . ., 2000, .316.
[6][4] - . . ., 2000, .315.
[7][5] - .. , .., .., ... : 1995-2000.. - -. ., , 2000, .79.
[8][6] - .. (.). . I. , 2000, .108-109.
[9][7] - ... - : - . .
[10][8] - .. (.). . I. , 2000, .108-127.
[11][9] - .. , .., .., ... : 1995-2000.. - . ., , 2000.
[12][10] - 2000. . ., , 2000, .126.
[13][11] - Role of Science and Technology in Creation Favorable Innovation Climate in Russia. Ministry of Industry, Science, and Technology of RF. Background paper. Helsinki Seminar, March 1-2, 2001, p.7-8.
[14][12] - , 4, 1997, .11.
[15][13] - , 4, 1997, .7.
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