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, , , . , , . , , [8].
() .
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, , , . NetBIOS TCP, NetBIOS . NetBIOS TCP/IP . NetBIOS TCP .
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2.
2.1 ATM
, ATM, :
ATM (cell-relay);
ATM (connection-oriented);
ATM .
.
: , (cells). Ethernet , (frames). . -, , (.. ), . , . -, , : . [17].
, , , . (latency) , (), , . , (, ), .
, ATM ( , , ), . , . , . , ; , , , .
, , , , ( , ), , . , , [18].
(American National Standards Institute ANSI) , (International Telecommunications Union ITU), ATM, . , . , . , , , , . , 53 , 48 5 [19].
.
ATM . , : , , - .
, Ethernet Token Ring, , , .
, . . , . , , .
(Quality of Service QoS), .. , . QoS , . , . , (), , [21].
.
ATM , , , , . , , , . .
, , . : , .
Ethernet , . Ethernet ATM: , .
ATM Ethernet. ATM , , . , , Ethernet, . Ethernet , [23].
ATM‑ Ethernet , ATM , Ethernet . , ATM ; , , . , . 10 10 /, 100 /. , .
2.2 ATM
, Ethernet Token Ring, (Open Systems Interconnection OSI). ATM , .
ATM ANSI ITU ISDN (Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network B-ISDN). B-ISDN - (WAN), . ATM Forum ATM B-ISDN , . , ISDN, (MAN) . 3.
ATM, ANSI, ITU ATM Forum, :
;
ATM;
ATM.
, OSI. ATM , .. , OSI. ATM , , OSI, ATM‑ [24].
, ATM , OSI.
ATM, OSI , . , ATM , , ATM.
ATM , ATM ATM . ATM Forum DS3 (45 /) . ATM 45 / WAN. ATM 25 155 /. ATM Forum ATM 25 /, , , . 25‑ ATM (UTP) 3, UTP . 25‑ ATM , ATM .
155‑ ATM UTP 5, (STP) 1, . 622‑ ATM ( , , ). Olivetti Research Labs ATM, 10 / [25].
2.3 ATM
OSI , . ATM , ATM. ATM OSI, , OSI .
ATM , , , 5‑ ATM. , (QoS), ATM‑ .
ATM . ATM ATM, . ; , , .
, , , . :
, ;
, (virtual circuit identifiers VCI) (virtual path identifiers VPI).
, VCI VPI .
:
(permanent virtual circuits PVC);
(switched virtual circuits SVC);
(smart permanent virtual circuits SPVC) [26].
PVC , . ATM‑ , , PVC .
PVC , , . PVC , .
SVC , . , ATM , VCI VPI . SVC .
SVC , . ATM , , . QoS ATM.
, : , . , , (connection admission control CAC).
SPVC PVC SVC. PVC, SPVC . ATM‑ . , .
ATM PVC. SVC SPVC .
PVC SVC. , SVC, , PVC , . , PVC , ATM‑ , .
SVC PVC. SVC , PVC, , SVC, . , , . , SVC , , PVC , . SVC , , . , SVC : , , .
SPVC . PVC, SPVC , , . SVC, SPVC . SPVC : PVC, SPVC , [27].
ATM (virtual path). , , , , , . , , .
, , . . , 120 / 30 / .
2.4 ATM
OSI , . ATM ATM :
, ;
ATM, QoS;
.
ATM ( AAL), . ATM, , , , . AAL , ATM.
AAL . , AAL 5, 48 ATM. , .
ATM :
(constant bit rate CBR);
(variable bit rate VBR);
(unspecified bit rate UBR);
(available bit rate ABR).
( 4).
(QoS) .
CBR , - , . CBR , . CBR , CBR , . , WAN‑, , [28].
VBR, : VBR (Real-time VBR RT-VBR) , . VBR (Non-real-time VBR NRT-VBR) , (frame relay).
VBR , , CBR. , CBR, VBR .
UBR TCP/IP, . VBR, UBR . , , . UBR , UBR‑ .
UBR, ABR , , . UBR , ABR .
CBR, VBR, UBR, ABR , , . (QoS) [29].
(Cell loss ratio) , .
(Cell transfer delay) ( ), .
(Cell delay variation CDV) . CDV - .
. ATM , QoS. , CBR , ATM QoS , , .
ATM QoS , .. . , , . , . , ATM , : QoS , . , , .
ATM QoS . , ; - , . ATM, , .
ATM , , , QoS. , ATM , (Resource Preservation Protocol RSVP), Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), , QoS. , , ATM, QoS, FORE Systems Legacy Application Quality of Service, ATM. QoS , .
ATM.
ATM Forum , ATM, :
User-to-Network Interface (UNI -) ;
Private Network-to-Network Interface (PNNI -, .
, ATM[30].
UNI, ATM Forum, , . 5 , . , -, .. - AAL . ATM, , . , .
ATM Forum UNI UNI 3.0 UNI 3.1. , , UNI 3.1 ITU. , , UNI 3.1 UNI 3.0 . , UNI 3.0, UNI 3.1. ATM Forum UNI 4.0, , ABR . UNI 4.0 UNI 3.1.
PNNI, ATM Forum, , . 5 , ATM. , ATM . , , , .
PNNI , NetWare Link Services Protocol (NLSP), IPX, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), IP‑. , ATM. , .
, PNNI , . ATM‑ , , . , , .
. , FORE Systems, ATM, , 200 .
, (peer groups). , , . , ( ), , . , , , . PNNI, [31].
, PNNI . , , .
, , . .
PNNI , . PNNI , , ATM . , , , , , , .
. , .
, , ( 155 622 /), , ( ).
, , .
, Frame Relay.
, , .
ATM SDH - ( ) ( ). SDH‑ STM‑1. , STM‑1 . : STM‑1 chan, STM‑1 ATM, 3, E1, serial, Fast ethernet. , . , . E1 (CES) AAL1, AAL2 -, . (QoS) .
, . ( ). - Ethernet 1 / , 622 /.
, . , , . , , , .
, (, , ..) . , - , , 622 /. , .
, , . , , (, Ethernet). , , , , , . , , . , , . . .
, , , . , . , 30% .
. 62 , -, , , (LANE Local Area Network Emulation), , , .. Anchorage Accord, ATM , .
, , . , . , , , .
ATM . ATM . ATM . ATM . ATM‑ ATM , , . ATM (, FDDI).
ATM . ATM . ATM ATM. , ATM (, multimedia ..) ATM.
ATM, , , . ATM , . , , , .
ATM . , SVC , ATM multimedia‑. NHRP , ATM multimedia , -, .
multimedia‑ . , ATM , , . ATM , , .
ATM , ATM . , ATM .
1. .. . . 2. B-ISDN, ATM. : -, 2008 .
2. , , . ATM. . : -, 2009 .
3. . . : , 2009 .
4. -, -, . Cisco Frame Relay, ATM IP. Cisco Voice over Frame Relay, ATM and IP. : , 2008 .
5. . . : , 2007 .
6. . , . , .‑. . An Introduction to ATM Technology. : , 2007 .
7. .. , .. , .. . . : , 2009 .
8. . . . , . Troubleshooting, Maintaining & Repairing Networks. : -, 2008 .
9. .. . . : - , . 2007 .
10. .. , .. . , . : , 2006 .
11. . . . Computer Networks. : , 2009 .
12. .. , .. . . : , ‑, 2007 .
13. .. . . 3 . 1. . : - , . , 2007 .
14. .. , .. . . , , . . : , 2009 .
15. . . . : , 2006 .
16. . , . Computer Networking with Internet Protocols and Technology. : -, 2005 .
17. .. . . : - , . , 2008 .
18. . . : -, 2006 .
19. .. , .. . , , . : , , , 2009 .
20. .. , .. , .. , .. , .. . -. : -, 2005 .
21. .. . , . : , 2007 .
22. .. . , , , , . : , 2007 .
23. .. . . 2. B-ISDN, ATM. : -, 2006 .
24. .. . . Internetworking Technologies Handbook. : , 2005 .
25. .. , .. , .. , .. , .. . . : , 2008 .
26. . . Network Analysis and Troubleshooting. : , 2007 .
27. , . . Guide to Designing and Implementing Local and Wide Area Networks. : -, 2008 .
28. .. , .. , .. , .. . . : , ‑, 2009 .
29. . , . . . : , 2009 .
30. .. , .. . . : -, 2008 .
31. .. . .: , 2007 .
. , ,
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