. , , ,

,,,

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- 43

:" - "

1.   

2.   

3.    Internet

4.   

5.    Internet

6.   

7.   

1.    

- . , . TCP/IP. , , , . (URL-) (, ) , , , , .

2.    

20 , Internet,  ARPAnet. ARPAnet ,  - ,  , , , , , . Internet. ARPAnet - - ( ). : .

    . , .

Internet  IP. IP  . , IP- , IP ( ..). , . , , "', , , IP, "' .

, "' , , . (Organization for International Standardization  ISO) , , . Internet IP- . . , . , , .

10 ARPAnet (LAN), , Ethernet . , . UNIX. Internet (IP). : ARPAnet . , , IP . , , , .

NSFNET, (National Science Foundation  NSF). 80- NSF , . , . . : . ARPAnet, , .

NSF , IP ARPAnet. 56 KBPS (7 KB/s). , , , ..   , . . . , . , .

, , . , . , , . () , , . 1987 . Merit Network Inc., IBM MCI. ( 20 ) . .

. , . , , Internet - . , , . , .

Internet

3. C Internet

         . . , Internet. , , , .

         . , Internet, . -, Internet-, . , , , . , , WEB- .

         . , Internet. TCP/IP Internet. Internet , .

, Internet . , (, ..). , .

(dial up) , Internet.

: , , .

SLIP/PPP?

Internet, , . . .

SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) PPP (Point to Point Protocol). SLIP/PPP SLIP / PPP .

SLIP/PPP TCP/IP , , , . , TCP/IP. , Internet , . SLIP/PPP, - WWW, .. .

SLIP/PPP Internet, :

         Internet.

         TCP/IP.

         IP-.

SLIP/PPP- ? SLIP/PPP-, , Internet () . , SLIP/PPP- IP- TCP/IP. , .

32- IP- . , . , IP- .

Internet , . , . . , Internet . (name servers) ( , ). , , , .

, . . : BORAX.LCS.MIT.EDU. , (LCS) (MIT). . , , 4 . -, EDU, ( ). MIT. MIT () LCS. , LCS BORAX.

. BORAX.LCS.MIT.EDU, , ( LCS.MIT.EDU, MIT.EDU, and EDU).

, . , , , IP-.

. : , ..

4.

. . internet, , TELNET FTP. : HTTP, NNTP, POP3, SMTP.

 

TELNET

TELNET . TELNET . - telnet delta delta. TELNET . . .

FTP

FTP (File Transfer Protocol  ) TELNET. TCP/IP. TELNET TCP. , . FTP , , , .

SMTP

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol  ) ( ) internet. , SMTP .

SMTP , . SMTP . - .

HTTP

HTTP (Hyper text transfer protocol  ) WWW (World Wide Web  )   WWW.   , , . .

POP3

POP3 (Post Office Protocol  , 3 ), - / . , . - .

NNTP

Network News Transfer Protocol   (NNTP)   , , . , . , .

5. Internet

,   , . , , , . Internet .

WWW

WWW  , , , , , . Internet 1990 . WWW  HTTP.

-, Netscape Navigator Internet Explorer.

Web browsers  , ; Mosaic, 1993 . (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) . WWW. WWW? , Internet,  , , , . (, ), , , ( ) . , WWW ( 10 000),   , .

WWW Internet , . (home pages) , . , Windows Macintosh. . :   , , ... , , ( ), . , , , .

E-MAIL

E-mail  . E-mail  , E-mail  .

(youname@ukrpack.net). , , , .   . , , , . , . SMTP,   POP3.

E-mail  , Eudora, Web , Netscape Navigator.

NEWS/USENET

Usenet  . (newsgroups), . (articles messages) . .

, . , . (thread) [ ]; , , . , , , , . , Netscape Navigator  Netscape News Internet News Microsoft, Internet Explorer.

FTP

FTP  . : FTP .

FTP- , . - . : (public domain) , - (shareware) , . (freeware); , - .

FTP-   WS_FTP, CuteFTP, WWW Netscape Navigator  Internet Explorer  FTP-.

Telnet

Remote Login    , , .. ( ), , .

, , telnet. telnet , . . TCP- TCP UDP .

telnet Windows TCP/IP.

Proxy-

Proxy () , , . Internet proxy- . , . . , .

proxy- Internet . , , : proxy- proxy- .

6.

TCP/IP?

TCP/IP , TCP IP. , . UDP, ARP, ICMP, TELNET, FTP . TCP/IP  . IP .

TCP/IP , , . . , ( ) . , . , , , . , , - ( ). , , , -; . IP. , .


, TCP/IP internet, . 1 . , , ,  . Ethernet, . internet.

. 1 TCP/IP

, .

  , .   , , . , , , , TCP/IP.

, , , . , , ; IP, IP-;   IP UDP,   UDP-; IP TCP,   TCP- ( ); , , .

, , . .

, , . 1. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol  ), TCP. , TCP, FTP (File Transfer Protocol ). FTP/TCP/IP/ENET. UDP (User Datagram Protocol  ), UDP. , SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol  ) UDP. : SNMP/UDP/IP/ENET.

Ethernet- Ethernet, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol ), IP (Internet Protocol  ). , Ethernet-, . IP- IP, TCP, UDP, IP-. UDP- UDP, , . TCP- TCP, , , TCP-. , . , , , . TCP UDP, IP   . internet , Ethernet, IP-.

. 1  Ethernet. Ethernet- .. IP-. IP . IP- Internet. IP- Ethernet-.

7.    

Internet , . . Internet 400% , 300%. 10000 . Microsoft 20 , 5-10 . , Internet .

:

http://www.ukrpack.net/ support/internet.htm

http://intro.museums.ru/museums/internet/index.htm

http://www.info-art.com/tech/inter/index.htm

ϲ - 43 :" - " 1. 2. 3. Internet 4. 5. Internet

 

 

 

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