,,,
.., .., .., .., ..
-
1.
- .
. , .
:
.
1.1
, , , , . (IRR - ), :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- , ;
-
- ..
, , . , , , , , , .
. . , , . .
1.2.
, , , , , . , , , .
, , . , , , . , (). , . [1]:
10% | 60% | |
20% | 50% | |
40% | 35% 40% | |
30% | 30% |
, , .. . . . 1, 2.
1.3. ()
( ). , . , , , . .
, . . , . , ( ). , .
1.4.
, , , . , . , , , .
: (1996), . , -
1.4.1
, , :
- .
- , , .
- .
- , , , , .
- .
- .
- .
- , : ; , ; , .
. , .
1.4.2
- - , . .
- - .
- - .
- - , , .
, , . , , , .
1.5.
, , . , , :
, , | , | -, , | |
, , | , , . | , , | |
: , , | , (value-adding) | , , | |
, | , |
2.
, , ( ). .
, , , .
. . , . . , , , , . , , (, ), .
2.1.
, (EVCA - European Venture Capital Association), , , , , .
, , - . , , . . :
- ;
- , 3 7 ;
- - , ;
- .
2.2.
, , . , ( - -) ( ).
, , , . , . , , , .
2.3.
, , , . , , , . . .
, , : , , .
- . -.
.
- . . . (due diligence) :
- ;
- ( , );
- ( , , , );
- , (?) ;
- ( , ) ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ( , , , ).
, . , , , , . .
. :
- ,
- ().
- (Deal Structuring)
- (Pricing).
, , : ; ; .
, , .
(Management on stage) , . , .
(Exit of Capital). , , , .
2.3.1
. .
(IPO)
( ).
:
- .
- .
- , .
- . - , .
- .
- , .
- ;
- .
- .
, , . 10-20 % , .
.
, , , . , .
, , , . , (trade sale).
- , .
- 100% , , , , , , , , , .
- , .
- , ;
- .
- , . - , .
- .
- .
, . , , . , , . , .
- , . , . , , .
- , .
- .
- ( ).
- , .
- , .
- ( ).
- , , , .
2.4.
. , , , . , , , , , , .
. , , (. " "). , , , . , , .
.
(Seed finance)
- , .
- -, .
(Start-up and Early Stage)
- , ( ).
- .
- , .
(Development) - /. , , .
(Management/leveraged buy-out) - .
(Management buy-in) - .
(Turnaround) - , .
(Replacement capital) - , , ( ). , , , .
(Bridge finance of mezzanine) - , .
:
: , 1996
: (OECD), 1996
3.
80- . , . , 70-, , 5% .
, - , , .
:
- , , , .
- (MBO/MBI).
, (Start-up) (MBO/MBI) . , , .
10 , . , - .
. . , , , , , .
, , . . (IPO), . "" , . , , . , , , , 20% . . , , , , , .
. 1987 1992 80-. 1992 . , 1994 , , 1988-1993 . , , , . , . , .
. . . , , 17% , 1994 ( 6% ). , 1988 1993 , 1994 . . , , 1 - .
: , 1996
() . , . . . "Start-up" .
. -, , , , . -, , , , . . . , , . , .
.
: ( ), 1996
: , 1996
3.1 /
, , . , 1 . , , , , 500 (Standard&Poors 500). , . , . , . , , .
(, 1995) 1994 , 1980-1990 . , (IRR) 12.1% . , , 30% . . , , , .
3.2.
, . , "-", , . - , , . , , , . - , , . - , , , .
. - -.
- . . - , . , , , , , . - , .
, . , - "" , , , , . .
- , . , - 20-40 , . 5 ( ). , 2-4 . . (- , ). , .
3.3.
, . , , . , .
, :
, , | |
: , : , , | |
: , . , , , - . , , , . |
3.3.1
. . , , , ( ) . , , ( ) ( ) . , .
- - , .
- - .
- - , .
- - , .
- - .
- - .
- - , , .
, , , , . , , , . , , . , . , . :
- "" (, ) - (, ) , .
- - " ", .
- - (upside potential).
, :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
3.3.2
, . , . , , , "" .
-, .
-, , , .
, .
:
- ( );
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
:
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
, , . , , .
, :
- ;
- ;
- .
3.4.
, , , , ( , ) . , , .
, , , . , , , , .
, , , . , , , . , .
, . , . , , , , .
- () , , . - . - - , . 70 - 85% 1 - 2,5% . , . , , , , , , .
5000 100000 . 1981-1993 33000 .
.
, 150 . . 750 . . , -, , . .
, .
- . - 23 1997 ., 583-, - , .
5 . ., 1998 0,1% , .
1. BREALEY Richard A. MYERS Stewart C. Principles of Corporate Finance. - McGrow-Hill, Inc. - 1988.
2. BROPHY David, United States Venture Capital Markets: Changes and Challenges: OECD report./ OECD. - 1996. - p.39-52.
3. STEVENS William European Venture Capital Markets: Trends and Prospects: OECD report./ OECD. - 1996. - p.22-39.
4. The Economic Impact of Venture Capital in Europe: Coopers and Lybrand Corporate Finance Survey.
5. Survey of Venture Capital and Private Equity in Europe./ EVCA, KPMG. - 1996.
6. Country Studies of Venture Capital and Innovations./ OECD. - 1996.
7. GARNER Daniel R., OWEN Robert R., CONWAY Robert P. The Ernst & Young Guide to Raising Capital: Russian edition./ Ernst &Young Vneshconsult group. - Moscow: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
8. . . - .: , -, 1996.
9. ENGLER Wolfgang Lessons learned in venture capital in Russia: NIS venture program documentation. - 1998.
10. : . - 1997.
11. VLASOV Alexey Report on NIS venture capital program: NIS venture capital program documentation. - 1998.
12. Background for external investments: report on Russian-Finnish work group of jurists// Working papers./Leontief Centre. - 1997. - 8.
13. Annual report on Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR)./SBA (U.S. Small Business Administration). - 1996.
14. ./ - - -
15. SINGER John Introduction to venture capital: Private Equity Guidebook./ EVCA.
16. WALL John SMITH Jilian Better Exits: Private Equity Guidebook./ Price Waterhouse Corporate Finance, EVCA.
17. LISIN B. Innovative Business in Russia.// Innovations - Special issue. - 1998. - p.3-6.
18. KOVALEVA G. Support for Innovation Business// Innovations. - Special issue. - 1998. - p.6-8.
19. MIRONOV S. Prospects for the investment policy in St.Petersburg// Innovations. - Special issue. - 1998. - p.8-10.
20. Investments into innovation business: World practice: Book of articles. - Moscow: Zelo, 1996.
21. . - ., ., ., . - : , 1996,
22. . . .// ., ., . - .: , 1995. - ( ).
23. , :
http://innovbusiness.ru/
.., .., .., .., .. - 1.
Copyright (c) 2025 Stud-Baza.ru , , , .