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1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4.1 .
2.4.2
0.1 1.5 .
. .
.
, .
() . . .
, . 1950- . ( ). 1985 (). (), 34 .
, . , .
. , , . ( ) [1], , . , () , . , : , . , .
, , , .
. .
. Cr, Cu c 1 3 Ne 100 [2], , .
, , (" ")[3]. (10 ¸ 103 ), , . 2∙1015/2, , ,
D~ (1021 1022) /2. (1.1)
[4], , , .
( ) , -2.
1.
, , . . , , , . , . (Cu) (SS) .
1.1
[7], , 20 , . (R) , ; (h) . .
(0.1 1.5 ). 1.5 , , 0.65 ( ). . 2.1. , . , , 1.5 , 40% 1.5 . , , (0.1 1.5 ), 25%. , 0.65 : 15%. , , 1.5 , , . , . , . . 2.1 , , . , -, , .
1.2 (SS)
R(h) () SS [8] (.2.2). : -300 , -650 , -1500 (W.S.).
, [9] , . , SS , Cu , .
[10] (SEM), , , . Cu, SS . , , 4.5 . , .
, , . . , 300 400 . ,
1.3
, . , .
[11] :
1) Liquidmetal Technology Corporation (LTC)
2) , (ISSPMT)
3) Hahn-Meitner-Institute (HMI) .
. : ne≈1010 -3 Te ≤5 . , . 1-2 % . SEM . 2.3, , . .
. , . keV, , .
. 2.4 [12]. , . , . , - . ISSPMT . , , - - .
, , , .
2.
2.1
, (0,1-1,5) .
, , . 3.1:
, (3.1)
r S .
j (/2) , Di:
Di = Ni×t , (3.2)
Ni . , t .
, m(t), h Di.
, , () , , :
(3.3)
2.2
, , -2 [13].
-2 , .
. 3.1, 3.2 .
. 3.2
, , 0,5 0,5 . . , () 0,5 2,25 .
, - , , ז "", ( -571, 2,375 ). (200¸2500) . - (), - 200 - 400 . ne~ 1010 -3, e 5 . . , , , "" .
-500 -250, . 2×10-6 , (7¸8)×10-5 . () , (4¸5)×10-6 , 5¸6%. -2.
-2, 10-7 .
210-5¸10-3 . .3.3 ne Te . , . (7¸8)10-5 , .
.3.4 "". , 10% ~10 , , .
-2 : (0,1-1,5 ) , . () , , , , .
.3.5 . , . .
.3.6. ó . , .
2.3
, -2, , , ().
() (), Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5.
. 3.7 . , - , "", . : , .
, , , . , .
(3.8).
.3.9 . Ar 1 , . 1 , , - . , 60 . , - , - Ar.
. 1 ( 60 , j=2.09A/2) ( -3; -3) .
.1
, |
1024 /2 |
, | ||
-3 | -3 | |||
1 | 60 | 0.47 | 30 | 40 |
2 | 360 | 2.82 | 620 | -20 ( ) |
3 | 660 | 5.17 | 920 | 640 |
4 | 960 | 7.52 | 820 | (. 3.9) |
5 | 1160 | 9.09 | 325 | - |
6 | 1460 | 11.45 | 825 | - |
7 | 1760 | 13.80 | 870 | - |
. 3.10 , , , . 13.81024 \2 .
.3.11. , , .
, , , , .
, , , .
2.4
2.4.1 .
. , 3-4 -1. ~ 10-5 . , , , . (2-3)´10-6 , -, . -1. , . (7-8) ´ 10-6 .
. : ( 60 ) (1 ). . . -2 20 . Δm.
, . .
m0: m0(Cu) = 8,507205, m0(SS) = 6.481005. j=6.3∙1015/2 1 30 . Δm.
Δm(u) = 845∙10-6 , Δm(SS) = 270∙10-6 .
, , . :
Di = Ni´t = j (/2)´6,25´1018 (e/.)´t () (3.4)
Ni = 0.26∙1018 (/2 ).
Di = 3.12∙1020 (/ 2 )
.
(./2) (3.5)
Dm , m .
:
(u) = 0.15∙1021 (/2),
(SS) = 0.34∙1020 (/2) (3.5)
:
(3.6)
Y(Cu) = 0.4, Y(SS) = 0.1.
.
. 2.
.2 Cu SS
Cu | SS |
Di = 3.12∙1020(/2) |
Di = 3.12∙1020(/2) |
Δm = 845∙10-6 |
Δm = 270∙10-6 |
Y = 0.4 | Y = 0.1 |
2.4.2
, , .
, . : ?
, , . , , ( 4 [.1], ), - . , , , , . , , , Ti Zr.
, .
, .
.
:
j=5.03∙1015 /2, -60 . 60 . , Δm= 55∙10-6 .
Ni = 0.41∙1018(/ 2 )
(3.4)
Di = 1,49∙1020(/ 2 ) (3.4)
.
= 1.6∙1018 (/2) (3.5)
Y = 0.01
:
) U = -1500
j=8.04∙1015 /2, -1 . 30 . , Δm= 480∙10-6 .
Ni = 0.47∙1018(/ 2 )
(3.4)
Di = 1∙1021(/ 2 ) (3.4)
.
= 0.8∙1019 (/2) (3.5)
Y = 0.04
) <U> = -650
j=8.04∙1015 /2, <U> = -650 . 30 . , Δm= 375∙10-6 .
Ni = 0.47∙1018(/ 2 )
(3.4)
Di = 0.8∙1021(/ 2 ) (3.4)
.
= 0.64∙1019 (/2) (3.5)
Y = 0.032
, , , , .
. 3.
.3
U = -60 | U = -1500 | <U> = -650 |
Di = 1,49∙1020 (/2) |
Di = 1∙1021 (/2 ) |
Di = 0.8∙1021 (/2 ) |
Δm= 55∙10-6 |
Δm= 480∙10-6 |
Δm= 375∙10-6 |
Y = 0.01 | Y = 0.04 | Y = 0.032 |
, , , , Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5. , : , ( ). , , , , , - .
1. Nuclear Fusion 49 (2009)/ Progress in research and development of mirrors for ITER diagnostics.
2. V.S. Voitsenya et. al./ Simulation of radiation effects on reflectors using heavy ion beams/ Journal of Nuclear Materials1994. 212-215. P. 443
3. H. Verbeek, J. Stober, D.P. Coster, W. Eckstein, R. Schneider/ interaction of charge exchange neutrals with the main chamber walls of plasma machines.
4. V.S. Voitsenya et.al./ Imitation of fusion reactor environment effects on optical properties of metallic mirrors/ 7th Int. Conf. on Fusion Reactor materials, Obninsk, Russia, September 1995.
5. V.S. Voitsenya et.al./ Overview metal mirrors prospects in Fusion Reactors/ Plasma Physics Reports Vol. 20 2 (1994).
6. V.S. Voitsenya et. al./ On the choice of material for the first mirrors of fusion reactor plasma diagnostics/ Plasma Devices and Operations, 1999, Vol. 7, pp. 243-254.
7. V.S. Voitsenya et. al./ Ion energy distribution effects on degradation of optical properties of ion-bombardment copper mirrors/ Surface and Coating Technology 103 104 (1998) 365 369.
8. V.S. Voitsenya et.a./ Erosion of steel under bombardment with ions of a deuterium plasma/ Vacuum 58 (2000) 10 15.
9. V.S. Voitsenya et. al./ Erosion of steel under bombardment with ions of a deuterium plasma/ Vacuum 58 (2000) 10-15.
10. V.S. Voitsenya et. al./ On the choice of material for the first mirrors of fusion reactor plasma diagnostics/ Journal of Nuclear Materials 258-263 (1998) 1919-1923.
11. V.S. Voitsenya et.al. Behavior of amorphous metal alloy mirrors under ion bombardment.
12. V.S. Voitsenya et. al./ Modification of optical characteristics of metallic amorphous mirrors under ion bombardment/ Plasma devices and operations Vol. 17, No. 2, June 2009, 144-154
13. .. , .. ./ / " " 13-15 1994.
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