,,,
:
: 2-2-1
: . -991
..
: ..
2003
. :
N , . - R. : - () . , , .
( ) , g. , c2.
,
頠 , 頠 砠 , :
;
;
;
.
, .
=×××, (1)
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
, , , , , .
. - , ( ) - -.
(2)
Ni- i- ;
Mi- i- Ni .
, R [Rmin Rmax]. . 1 .
-
(3)
c²g,k . 2 g
Ki = 2Mi+2. (4)
(Mi=0), , (3)
(5)
- , . c2 ( ), ( )
(6)
l- (), ; N - ; mi - , i- (); Pi- i- , .
:
(7)
,
(8)
(6) c²
c²g,k,
. 2 g k=N-l-2.
(c²
:
, ( 3,5S );
8 ÷12 , ( ) , ;
, ;
, , mi, i- (i=1,2, ... ,l), l l. , ;
i-
(9)
(10)
, UiB i- U(i+1) (i+1)- ;
i- , :
Pi = F(UiB) - F(Ui), (11)
F(UiB) F(Ui) ( ), . 3 UiB UiH. U,
F(-U) = 1 - F(U); (12)
, i -
mi = Npi, (13)
mi , , ;
c² (6);
c²g,k . 2 k = N- l -2 g;
c²
, . 6.2. :
3 .6.2;
, . 10- . .
(14)
Rmax, Rmin - ( ); Ag,n - , . 2 n g.
(2), (3), (5) ni
(15)
; (16)
m - ; Pjn (min) - ( j- ); Pj - .
(15) (16)
; (17)
.n = Pin (min). (18)
, Pin (min), . i- , , 蠠 堠 .
, R[m] |
|
R[m] |
, R[m] |
, R[m] |
|||
1 |
82,2 |
11 |
81,69 |
21 |
81,67 |
31 |
82,91 |
2 |
82,6 |
12 |
81,71 |
22 |
81,9 |
32 |
82,31 |
3 |
80,91 |
13 |
81,38 |
23 |
82,22 |
33 |
81,97 |
4 |
82,69 |
14 |
81,93 |
24 |
82,1 |
34 |
82,14 |
5 |
82,36 |
15 |
82,24 |
25 |
81,82 |
35 |
82,15 |
6 |
82,53 |
16 |
83,47 |
26 |
82,27 |
36 |
82,45 |
7 |
82,09 |
17 |
81,76 |
27 |
80,63 |
37 |
81,73 |
8 |
81,54 |
18 |
81,29 |
28 |
82,19 |
38 |
83,18 |
9 |
81,54 |
19 |
81,87 |
29 |
81,44 |
39 |
81,88 |
10 |
81,2 |
20 |
82,8 |
30 |
81,12 |
;
;
;
.
(1).
, (19)
N .
, ( ), ( ). ,
= 1, = 1, = 1, = 1, = 1. (20)
(21)
= 0.
:
(N = 39)
.n = =0.926;
(N = 38, .. )
.n. ==0.924;
(N=37, .. )
.n ==0.922.
- P= 1-M/N , . ( c²). 10 . 1 2 . 6.2. , . 6.1, . , , 4 . 6.2. , ( 1-3 8-10) , 7 . 6.2. (. . 6.1), , mi/DRi ( mi - ,
i- ,
(22)
. (23)
Ui Pi(Ri£ Ri) 8 9 .
.
; (24)
(25)
= 81,99692 S= 0.588026.
i-
Pi = F[Ui] - F[U(i-1)], (26)
F(U) - , , U (. . 3). Pi 10 . 6.2, 11 i- ,
mi=NPi , (27)
N - .
, mi/DRi.
, , c²
. (28)
c² c²g,k, . ,
, (29)
Ag,k=1.187 . 2 g=0.9 k=N=40.
.
. 3 F() , (12),
.n = F(1,985) 1 + F(1,977) = 0.97558 1 + 0.975 = 0.95058.
n(min) , (0.922).
. .
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- U=(R-)/S |
- , F(U) |
- , |
- , m=NP |
||
R |
R |
R |
R |
|||||||
80,5 |
80,8 |
* |
1 |
80,5 |
81,4 |
6 |
-1,015 |
0,15866 |
0,15866 |
6,18774 |
80,8 |
81,1 |
* |
1 |
|||||||
81,1 |
81,4 |
**** |
4 |
|||||||
81,4 |
81,7 |
***** |
5 |
81,4 |
81,7 |
5 |
-0,50494 |
0,30854 |
0,14988 |
5,84532 |
81,7 |
82 |
********* |
9 |
81,7 |
82 |
9 |
0,00524 |
0,5000 |
0,19146 |
7,46694 |
82 |
82,3 |
********* |
9 |
82 |
82,3 |
9 |
0,5154 |
0,69847 |
0,19847 |
7,74033 |
82,3 |
82,6 |
***** |
5 |
82,3 |
82,6 |
5 |
1,0256 |
0,84134 |
0,14287 |
5,57193 |
82,6 |
82,9 |
** |
2 |
82,6 |
83,5 |
5 |
2,5562 |
0,99477 |
0,15343 |
5,98377 |
82,9 |
83,2 |
** |
2 |
|||||||
83,2 |
83,5 |
* |
1 |
1
|
, R [] |
|
, R [] |
||
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
||
1 |
3,215 |
82,2 |
21 |
3,138 |
81,67 |
2 |
3,144 |
82,6 |
22 |
3,171 |
81,9 |
3 |
3,219 |
80,91 |
23 |
3,181 |
82,22 |
4 |
3,063 |
82,69 |
24 |
3,154 |
82,1 |
5 |
3,19 |
82,36 |
25 |
3,209 |
81,82 |
6 |
3,129 |
82,53 |
26 |
3,222 |
82,27 |
7 |
3,176 |
82,09 |
27 |
3,112 |
80,63 |
8 |
3,22 |
81,54 |
28 |
3,253 |
82,19 |
9 |
3,26 |
81,54 |
29 |
3,169 |
81,44 |
10 |
3,091 |
81,2 |
30 |
3,28 |
81,12 |
11 |
3,214 |
81,69 |
31 |
3,269 |
82,91 |
12 |
3,197 |
81,71 |
32 |
3,167 |
82,31 |
13 |
3,231 |
81,38 |
33 |
3,227 |
81,97 |
14 |
3,291 |
81,93 |
34 |
3,12 |
82,14 |
15 |
3,182 |
82,24 |
35 |
3,347 |
82,15 |
16 |
3,21 |
83,47 |
36 |
3,245 |
82,45 |
17 |
3,236 |
81,76 |
37 |
3,173 |
81,73 |
18 |
3,224 |
81,29 |
38 |
3,188 |
83,18 |
19 |
3,193 |
81,87 |
39 |
3,318 |
81,88 |
20 |
3,193 |
82,8 |
40 |
3,201 |
82,01 |
:
1- - [3,050 - 3,350];
2- - [80,50 - 83,50].
c² (. ) (. ), k g
|
, c2 |
. . -, g, |
||
g=0,9 |
g=0,95 |
g=0,9 |
g=0,95 |
|
1 |
2,71 |
3,84 |
- |
- |
2 |
4,61 |
5,99 |
8,229 |
16,51 |
3 |
6,25 |
7,82 |
3,233 |
4,658 |
4 |
7,78 |
9,49 |
2,377 |
3,082 |
5 |
11,24 |
11,07 |
2,025 |
2,49 |
6 |
11,65 |
12,59 |
1,832 |
2,183 |
7 |
12,02 |
14,07 |
1,71 |
1,992 |
8 |
13,36 |
15,51 |
1,626 |
1,861 |
9 |
14,69 |
16,92 |
1,562 |
1,768 |
10 |
15,99 |
18,31 |
1,513 |
1,713 |
11 |
17,28 |
19,68 |
1,472 |
1,638 |
12 |
18,55 |
21,03 |
1,446 |
1,59 |
13 |
19,81 |
22,36 |
1,413 |
1,548 |
14 |
21,06 |
23,69 |
1,39 |
1,518 |
15 |
22,31 |
25 |
1,37 |
1,492 |
16 |
23,54 |
26,3 |
1,353 |
1,468 |
17 |
24,59 |
27,59 |
1,335 |
1,447 |
18 |
25,99 |
28,87 |
1,332 |
1,427 |
19 |
27,2 |
30,14 |
1,31 |
1,41 |
20 |
28,41 |
31,41 |
1,299 |
1,394 |
21 |
29,62 |
32,67 |
1,288 |
1,372 |
22 |
30,81 |
33,92 |
1,28 |
1,368 |
23 |
32,01 |
35,01 |
1,271 |
1,355 |
24 |
33,2 |
36,42 |
1,263 |
1,345 |
25 |
34,65 |
37,38 |
1,256 |
1,336 |
26 |
35,56 |
38,88 |
1,249 |
1,326 |
27 |
36,74 |
40,11 |
1,243 |
1,318 |
28 |
37,92 |
41,34 |
1,237 |
1,31 |
29 |
39,09 |
42,56 |
1,231 |
1,302 |
30 |
40,26 |
43,77 |
1,226 |
1,295 |
31 |
41,42 |
44,42 |
1,222 |
1,288 |
32 |
42,59 |
46,19 |
1,217 |
1,282 |
33 |
43,75 |
47,4 |
1,212 |
1,276 |
34 |
44,9 |
48,6 |
1,208 |
1,271 |
35 |
46,06 |
49,06 |
1,204 |
1,266 |
36 |
47,21 |
51 |
1,201 |
1,261 |
37 |
48,36 |
52,19 |
1,198 |
1,257 |
38 |
49,51 |
53,38 |
1,194 |
1,252 |
39 |
50,65 |
54,57 |
1,19 |
1,248 |
40 |
51,81 |
55,76 |
1,187 |
1,243 |
( )
U |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
0.0 |
50000 |
50399 |
50798 |
51197 |
51595 |
51994 |
52392 |
52790 |
53188 |
53586 |
0.1 |
53983 |
54380 |
54776 |
55172 |
55567 |
55962 |
56356 |
56749 |
57142 |
57535 |
0.2 |
57926 |
58317 |
58706 |
59095 |
59483 |
59871 |
60257 |
60642 |
61026 |
61409 |
0.3 |
61791 |
62172 |
62552 |
62930 |
63307 |
93683 |
64058 |
64431 |
64803 |
65173 |
0.4 |
65542 |
65910 |
66276 |
66640 |
67003 |
97364 |
67724 |
68082 |
68439 |
68793 |
0.5 |
69146 |
69497 |
69847 |
70194 |
70540 |
70884 |
71226 |
71566 |
71904 |
72240 |
0.6 |
72575 |
72907 |
73237 |
73565 |
73891 |
74215 |
74537 |
74857 |
75175 |
75490 |
0.7 |
75804 |
76115 |
76424 |
96730 |
77035 |
77337 |
77637 |
77935 |
78230 |
78524 |
0.8 |
78814 |
79103 |
79389 |
79673 |
79955 |
80234 |
80511 |
80785 |
81057 |
81327 |
0.9 |
81594 |
81859 |
82121 |
82381 |
82639 |
82894 |
83147 |
83398 |
83646 |
83891 |
1.0 |
84134 |
84375 |
84614 |
84850 |
85083 |
85314 |
85543 |
85769 |
85993 |
86214 |
1.1 |
86433 |
86650 |
86864 |
87076 |
87286 |
87493 |
87698 |
87900 |
88100 |
88298 |
1.2 |
88493 |
88686 |
88877 |
89065 |
89251 |
89435 |
89617 |
89796 |
89973 |
90147 |
1.3 |
90320 |
90490 |
90658 |
90824 |
90988 |
91149 |
91308 |
91466 |
91621 |
91774 |
1.4 |
91924 |
92073 |
92220 |
92364 |
92507 |
92647 |
92786 |
92922 |
93056 |
93189 |
1.5 |
93319 |
93448 |
93574 |
93699 |
93822 |
93943 |
94062 |
94179 |
94295 |
94408 |
1.6 |
94520 |
94630 |
94738 |
94845 |
94950 |
95053 |
95154 |
95254 |
95352 |
95449 |
1.7 |
95543 |
95637 |
95728 |
95818 |
95907 |
95994 |
96880 |
96164 |
96246 |
96327 |
1.8 |
96407 |
96485 |
96562 |
96638 |
96712 |
96784 |
96856 |
96926 |
96995 |
97062 |
1.9 |
97128 |
97193 |
97257 |
97320 |
97381 |
97441 |
97500 |
97558 |
97615 |
97670 |
2.0 |
97725 |
97778 |
97831 |
97882 |
97932 |
97982 |
98030 |
98077 |
98124 |
98169 |
2.1 |
98214 |
98257 |
98300 |
98341 |
98382 |
98422 |
98461 |
98500 |
98537 |
98574 |
2.2 |
98610 |
98645 |
98679 |
98713 |
98745 |
98778 |
98809 |
98840 |
98870 |
98899 |
2.3 |
98928 |
98956 |
98983 |
99010 |
99036 |
99061 |
99086 |
99111 |
99134 |
99158 |
2.4 |
99180 |
99202 |
99224 |
99245 |
99266 |
99286 |
99305 |
99324 |
99343 |
99361 |
2.5 |
99379 |
99396 |
99413 |
99430 |
99446 |
99461 |
99477 |
99492 |
99506 |
99520 |
2.6 |
99534 |
99547 |
99560 |
99573 |
99585 |
99598 |
99609 |
99621 |
99632 |
99643 |
2.7 |
99653 |
99664 |
99674 |
99683 |
99693 |
99702 |
99711 |
99720 |
99728 |
99736 |
2.8 |
99744 |
99752 |
99760 |
99767 |
99774 |
99781 |
99788 |
99795 |
99801 |
99807 |
2.9 |
99813 |
99819 |
99825 |
99831 |
99836 |
99841 |
99846 |
99851 |
99856 |
99861 |
3.0 |
99865 |
99869 |
99874 |
99878 |
99882 |
99886 |
99889 |
99893 |
99896 |
99900 |
3.1 |
99903 |
99906 |
99910 |
99913 |
99916 |
99918 |
99921 |
99924 |
99926 |
99929 |
3.2 |
99931 |
99934 |
99936 |
99938 |
99940 |
99942 |
99944 |
99946 |
99948 |
99950 |
3.3 |
99952 |
99953 |
99955 |
99957 |
99958 |
99960 |
99961 |
99962 |
99964 |
99965 |
3.4 |
99966 |
99968 |
99969 |
99970 |
99971 |
99972 |
99973 |
99974 |
99975 |
99976 |
3.5 |
99977 |
99978 |
99978 |
99979 |
99980 |
99981 |
99981 |
99982 |
99983 |
99983 |
3.6 |
99984 |
99985 |
99985 |
99986 |
99986 |
99987 |
99987 |
99988 |
99988 |
99989 |
3.7 |
99989 |
99990 |
99990 |
99990 |
99991 |
99991 |
99992 |
99992 |
99992 |
99992 |
3.8 |
99993 |
99993 |
99993 |
99994 |
99994 |
99994 |
99994 |
99995 |
99995 |
99995 |
3.9 |
99995 |
99995 |
99996 |
99996 |
99996 |
99996 |
99996 |
99996 |
99997 |
99997 |
.. - . .. , . // : 1987. 11. . 24-36.
.. : // . 1993. 10. . 16-23.
.. : . - . .: , 1987. 215 .
. . . .: , 1987. 348 .
., / ., ., .. : . -, 1993. 126.
.. . / .., ... // , 1993. N5. . 56-64.
.. . .: , 1991. 206 .
.. / ..., .. .: , 1986. 120 .
. . . : , 1982. 154 .
.. / .., ... // . 1994. 3. . 21-25.
.. / . .: , 1988. . 16-20.
. . .: , 1993. 120 .
. - . .: , 1989. 212 .
.. / .., ... : , 1988. 169 .
.. : / .., .., ... .: , 1990. 216 .
: . . .: , 1982. 191 .
.. - / .., ... .: , 1992. 48 .
87
. : , , . .: , 1985. 416 .
Rogers E.M. Diffusion of innovations. N.J.: Free Press, 1962. .202.
Rogers E.M. Communication of innovations / Rogers E.M., Shoemaker F.F. N.J. Free Press, 1978. .476.
.. - . .: , 1985. 358 .
.. // , : .... : , 1999. .2. . 19-23.
.. / .., .., ... .: . -, 1990. 344 .
.. - . : - , 1994 . 1, 2. 191 .; 152 .
.. - / . .-. . : , 1991. 286 .
26. .. : .. .: , 1991. 130 .
27. .. / .., .., .. // , : .... : , 1998. .3. . 22-29.
28. .. . .: , 1976. 165 .
29. .. / .., .., .. // , : .... : , 1997. . 24-32.
30. .. // : .... : , 1991. . 27-32.
31. .. . : , 1993. 13 .
88
32. .. . .: , 1976. 248 .
33. .. . .: , 1962. 552 .
34. .. / .., ... .: , 1969. 183 .
35. .. , . . , 1985. 296 .
36. .. / .., ... .:, 1975. 425 .
: : 2-2-1 : .
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