. , , ,

,,,

— ,

̻

 

 

1 ..

..

2006

1

 

: (POST).

: , CMOS- .

: , CMOS- .

 

1981 IBM , , . POST . POST , .

: , , , . , . ().

POST , " ", . , , (), , , . (fatal error). POST : , , ; , -.

, POST. POST , ( ). , , , . BIOS .

. 1 - , IBM- ,

1 POST ,
2 :
,
,
,
1 , 1
1 , 2 (MDA, CGA)
1 , 3 (EGA)
3 3270

. 2 - AMI BIOS, POST

1 O3
2
3 64 O3
4
5
6 20
7
8 /
9 ROM BIOS
10 / CMOS-
11 -

1 , 3
1 , 8

. 3 - , POST Phoenix BIOS

80h

01h CPU
1-1-3 02h CMOS-
1-1-4 03h BIOS
1-2-1 04h
1-2-2 05h He
1-2-3 06h
1-3-1 08h
09h 64
1-3-3 0Ah 64 ( )
1-3-4 0Bh / 64
1-4-1 0Ch 64
1-4-2 0Dh 64
2-1-1 10h 0 64
2-1-2 11h 1 64
2-1-3 12h 2 64
2-1-4 13h 3 64
2-2-1 14h 4 64
2-2-2 15h 5 64
2-2-3 16h 6 64
2-2-4 17h 7 64
2-3-1 18h 8 64
2-3-2 19h 9 64
2-3-3 1Ah 10 64
2-3-4 1Bh 11 64
2-4-1 1Ch 12 64
2-4-2 1Dh 13 64
2-4-3 1Eh 14 64
2-4-4 1Fh 15 64
3-1-1 20h
3-1-2 21h
3-1-3 22h
3-1-4 23h
25h
3-2-4 27h
28h CMOS- CMOS-
29h
3-3-4 2Bh
3-4-1 2Ch
3-4-2 2Dh
2Eh
30h
31h
32h ( 40 )
33h ( 80 )
4-2-1 34h
4-2-2 35h
4-2-3 36h 20
4-2-4 37h
4-3-1 38h , FFFFh
4-3-3 3Ah 2
4-3-4 3Bh
4-4-1 3Ch
4-4-2 3Dh
4-4-3 3Eh
Low 1-1-2 41h
Low 1-1-3 42h CMOS-

"Low " , .

, POST. XT, AT, PS/2 IBM- POST . , .

( , ). , , , UMA (Upper Memory Area) 384 . , , .

, 0:0417 0:0418

0:0417

0 Shift
1 Shift
2 Ctrl
3 Alt
4 ScrollLock
5 NumLock
6 CapsLock
7 Insert

0:0418

0 Ctrl
1 Alt
2 SysReq
3 Ctrl + NumLock
4 ScrollLock
5 NumLock
6 CapsLock
7 Insert

CMOS-

00h 0Dh used by real-time clock

0Eh POST diagnostics status byte

0Fh shutdown status byte

10h diskette drive type

11h reserved

12h hard disk drive type

13h reserved

14h equipment byte

15h 16h base memory size

17h 18h extended memory above 1M

19h hard disk 1 type

1Ah hard disk 2 type

1Bh 2Dh reserved

2Eh 2Fh storage for checksum of addresses 10h through 20h

30h 31h extended memory above 1M

32h current century in BCD (eg, 19h)

33h miscellaneous info

34h 3Fh reserved

̻

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :