. , , ,

,,,

- - —

. ..

-

 

- -

 

_________________________________________ ..

. . , ..., ______________ ..

. . , ...__________________________ ..

. ____ ___________200_.

. _____________________________________ ..

, 2008 .


酅....4

Ņ.....5

I. .....8

1. .8

1.1 腅.8

1.2 -, - -.....10

1.3 , 腅..14

2. ....16

2.1. .....16

2.2. .....17

2.3. 녅..19

2.4. in vitro....25

2.5.     ⅅ...30

߅....32

II. ܅....32

3. ۅ......33

3.1. 녅.....33

3.2. ⅅ.....33

3.2.1. -, - -.................35

3.2.2. .......35

3.3. ⅅ......34

3.4. ⅅ......35

3.5. 녅....36

3.6. ......37

3.6.1 ......37

3.6.2. .....37

3.7. .....37

3.7.1. .......37

3.7.2. .......38

3.7.3. 䅅...38

III. 充......40

4. .40

4.1       - , -, - - ...40

4.2. - β(25-35)- -.47

4.3.     , (, -, - -) ҅......49

4.4.     .....................53

4.5. -........55

4.6.     - - .....57

.....61


Ϡ

͠

Ҡ

Ġ

ʠ

̠

Ҡ

Ԡ

- (β- N,N,N',N- )

FnIII -3-

IgC2 -2-

PMSF

λ

μ


, , (Tan & Perys, 1994; Uversky & Fink, 2004). , . , , , , , . (Tan & Perys, 1994; Goedert, 2001; Dobson, 2001).

, , -, β-, , , , (Guijarro et al., 1998; Chiti et al., 1999; Fandrich et al., 2001; Uversky & Fink, 2004). - , : β- β-, ; in vivo; (Klunk et al., 1989; Krebs et al., 2005). , - "α- β-", (Uversky & Fink, 2004).

, , , . , , , . : , , , .. . , , .

. (, -, -, - ), - . - () 15% . - - (Yamamoto & Moos, 1983; Starr & Offer, 1983) 43 (Bennett et al., 1986; Soteriou et al1., 1993), . - .

, . , , - . 90% β- . . , , , (-) in vitro (Bennett et al., 1985). , β- . - , , . β- , - .


I.

 

1.

, . . 2.53.0 (Squire, 1981; . 2001). , . () , . , , -, -, - . (. 1).

.1. (Gregorio et al., 1999).

1.1

 

(= , ) (Maruyama et al., 1977; Wang et al., 1979) 3 (Labeit & Kolmerer, 1995). -- (Wang et al., 1979; Maruyama et al., 1981). ( ) - . 1 34 (Trinick et al., 1984; Itoh et al., 1986; Nave et al., 1989; Soteriou et al., 1993; Suzuki et al., 1994; Houmeida et al., 1995; Tskhovrebova & Trinick, 1997) - Z- (. 1), I- - , (Fürst et al., 1988). NH2- Z-, - -. , - (Trinick 1981; Liversage et al., 2001) , , I- (Funatsu et al., 1993).

, , . ó (~90%) -2- (Ig2) -3- (FnIII) (Labeit & Kolmerer, 1995) β- , (Improta et al., 1996; Muhle-Goll et al., 1998) (. 2). , : - ; (94) I- - , N2B, N2A PEVK I- . .

1.2 -, - -

, - - (Draper & Hodge 1949; Franzini-Armstrong & Porter 1964; Pepe 1967; Hanson et al., 1971), 70- . -, - - -- (Starr & Offer, 1971). , 5% .

- (Offer et al., 1973). 2% 4% .

- in vivo in vitro (Jeacocre & England, 1980; Hartzell & Titus, 1982; Hartzell & Glass, 1984; Hartzell, 1985; Lim et al., 1985; Gautel et al., 1995; Mohamed et al., 1998). - -- 135 (Yamamoto & Moos, 1983; Starr & Offer, 1983), , , 128.1 (Weber et al., 1993). , α- . , - (Callaway & Bechtel, 1981; Yamamoto & Moos, 1983). - -: () in vitro (Moos et al., 1975; Starr & Offer, 1978; Safer & Pepe, 1980; ., 1980; , 1981; Podlubnaya et al., 1990). - (Moos et al., 1976; Moos et al., 1978; Moos, 1981; ., 1980) (Koretz et al., 1993; Soteriou et al., 1993; Fürst et al., 1992; Freiburg & Gautel, 1996). (μ ≤ 0.1).

- -, - (Starr & Offer 1982). - - (Starr & Offer 1982; Starr et al., 1979). - 3035 34 (Bennett et al., 1985). - -- 145152 (Yamamoto & Moos 1983; Starr & Offer 1983), , , 126.5 (Weber et al., 1993).

, (4%) α-.

- , -, (Starr & Offer, 1982; 1983). 0.30.4% . - -- ~ 6974 (Starr & Offer, 1983), ~ 86 (Vaughan et al., 1993). - , , 58.4 51.9 , (Vaughan et al., 1993). - -, , (Yamamoto, 1984). - 4% α- (Starr & Offer, 1983). - (Starr & Offer, 1983).

. , -, (Wang & Wright, 1988), (Bahler et al., 1985). , - - in vitro (Koretz, 1979; Miyahara & Noda, 1980; Koretz et al., 1982; 2005). , - ( ) . in vitro , - - (Yamamoto, 1984). - in vitro. , - . in vitro , - . - , (Moos et al., 1978, 1980; Moos, 1981; Muhle-Goll et all., 2001; Moolman-Smook et al., 2002; Squire et al., 2003). - - , - (Yamamoto, 1984, , 2005). - - . , - (Hartzell & Glass, 1984). In vitro - (Hartzell, 1985). , - . , - , (Weisberg & Winegrad, 1996, 1998; Kunst et al., 2000; McClellan et al., 2001; Kulikovskaya et al., 2003; McClellan et al., 2004; Flashman et al., 2004). , - (Stelzer et al., 2006).

1.3. ,

- . , . .

( ). , . - - ( ., 1996). - - ( ., 2000; 2002).

, " " ( ., 1975; Nemirovskaya et al., 2002), . , - m. soleus , , , " " ( ., 2006). , ( ., 2002, , 2004).

, , , - . , -, - - . , , in vitro.


2.

 

2.1.

, ( ) , . , ( , , , II , , , .) (Uversky & Fink, 2004). , , , .

. (), (), (, 1980). (, , ). , ( ., 2005). ( ) . , . -, - . ( ). , (" "). () . , , , . , (, 1980).

- . . , , , , . , , . , , . , , , .

2.2.

XVII , , ( ). . (1842 .), " ", , , . , (1853 .), "", "" . 1854 . , , " " "", "" "". , "", "" . 20- XX , (1922 .) , . , . . 1959 . , (Sipe & Cohen, 2000). , . 60- , , . , , , , . , : 613 100 1.6 . (), (Shirahama & Cohen, 1967; Suzuki & Terry, 1967). , , β- (Glenner et al., 1974).


2.3.

. - , , S.

, "" , , . , , in vitro (Blake et al., 1996; Blake & Serpell, 1996; Sunde & Blake, 1997). , β- β-, . , - , , .

20 , in vivo ( 2), , in vitro ( 3) (Uversky & Fink 2004). β-, , , , , , -, α-, , , . , , β- . in vitro , α- β-, , , , in vivo: , , , .., - β-, α- . α- β-. β- α- β-. , , α-, "α- β-" . α- β-. , , β-, α- . , >90% β-c.

2.

(. Uversky & Fink 2004).

β- α-
-

,

β- ,
α-
β-
1 α-
α- + β-
α- ,
β-
β2- β- - , , , -

2.

α- + β-
β-
α- + β- , ,
α- + β- ( )
α- ,

3.

, (. Uversky & Fink 2004).

15D 16D β- α-
552 α- α- + β-
SH3- β- II
β- β- α
α- + β- α-

, (. 4). , β- . , . . 23 200 . -, . - 78 . , -, , , (. . ) (Zerovnik, 2002). , , . . , , β(1-40)-, (. 5), "", "" "" (Goldsbury et al., 2000). , (Goldsbury et al., 1997), (Bauer et al., 1995), (Jimenez et al., 2002).

. 4. : () , () , , () , () β-, , () β- , () , () (Jobansson, 2003).

2000 . , , , : , 25 β-. - . SH3 , 90 , β-, , 130 , , β- (Chamberlain et al., 2000).


2.4. in vitro

, , . , in vitro. , , , (Dobson, 1999). , in vitro , , , β , , -, , . (Uversky & Fink 2004).

, , . , 45 (Chiti et al., 1999) (. 6). β(1-40)- 4 , 48 (Qahwash et al., 2003), α- (Goers et al., 2002).

, (Krebs et al., 2005). - - . і . , (Krebs et al., 2005). , "", β- (. 7). , , (Krebs et. al., 2005). , , ( ., 2003).

(Klunk et al., 1989). , , (. 8). , . , , , ~490 ~500 .

. 8. . , NC . , ( , ). .. (Klunk et al., 1989).

, β- β-. , β- , (Klunk et al., 1989). , 4.7 Å. , 19 Å. , , (. 8). .

2.5.

(, 2000):

1)         () ;

2)         () , (, , .);

3)         (, ) ;

4)         .

, . .

. , . , , .

, . , . , (Hashimoto et al., 2003; Qahwash et al., 2003; Sirangelo et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2006), , , .

in vitro.

1.         (, -, - -) in vitro.

2.         β(25-35)- -.

3.         , , , .

4.         .


3.

 

3.1.

: .

: , . (. ).

3.2.

 

3.2.1. -, - -

-, - - (Offer et al., 1973). -, - -, DEAE-Sephadex -50, 2.08 1 3000 g. , 0.3 M KCl, 4.8 M K2HPO4, 5.2 M KH2PO4, 0.1 M , 0.1 M NaN3, pH 7.0, . , , . - .

3.2.2.

(Soteriou et al., 1993) . 3- ( ) , 50 KCl, 5 M , 1 M NaHCO3,, 1 M , 0.1 M NaN3, pH 7.0. : 1 M PMSF, 20 / , 10 / .

510 2500 g. , 56 . 2- , 0.9 KCl, 2 M MgCl2, 2 M , 0.5 M , 0.1 M NaN3, 1 M PMSF, 10 M -HCl, pH 7.0. 40 / 20 / .

4˚ 1015 . 40 14000 g 3 , 0.1 M 0.1 M NaN3, ( ~0.2). 1 60 20000g. 5 ( ~0.05) , 0.1 M 0.1 M NaN3. 4060 , , 30 15000 g. , 0.6 KCl, 30 M KH2PO4, 1 M , 0.1 M , 0.1 M NaN3, pH 7.0, 60 20000 g. - SepharoseCL2B, .

3.3.

SPECOD UV VIS, (2801 /): 0.543 (Kielley & Harrington, 1960); 0.52 (Godfrey & Harrington, 1970); 1.08 (Rees & Young, 1967); 1.37 (Trinick et al., 1984); 1.09 -, - - (Starr & Offer, 1982).

3.4.

-- 13% (Laemmli, 1970).

, -, - - -- (Fritz et al., 1989) . , 7% 15%, 0.75 -HCl , pH 8.8, 0.1% , 10% , 0.05% 0.05% . , 5% (Fritz et al., 1989) (Laemmli et al., 1970), 2.62.8% ( - 36.5:1). . 0.125 -HCl , pH 6.8, 0.1% , 0.05% 0.05% . -- 3 100 , , -, - -.

0.192 , 0.025 0.1% , 8.3. 35 3060 , 1215 . , 10% 10% , 2030 . 3040 , 0.1% G-250 R-250 ( 1:1), 45% 10% . 7% 4050 .

3.5.

 

20 4-37 , : 30 KCl, 10 , 7.0; 0.15 -, 7.0; 0.15 -KOH, 7.5; 25 NaCI, 10 Hepes, pH 7.0; 50 M NaCl, 10 M Hepes, pH 7.0; 30 MgCI2, 10 , pH 7.0; 50 M MgCl2, 10 M , pH 7.0.

- , 30 KCl, 10 , 7.0 4˚. - . - , 30 KCl, 10 , 7.0 4˚.

3.6.

 

3.6.1

- 0.1 /. , (2% SPI-CHEM, USA), . 2% .

- JEM-100 80 30000. 14.5 .

3.6.2.

, . 1% ( SIGMA, USA) -1. 1% ( SIGMA, USA) - 3.

3.7.

 

3.7.1.

. , , Jasco J-600, 0.1 . 200250 . CONTINLL (http://lamar.colostate.edu/~sreeram/CDPro/).

3.7.2.

, (). (250 ) (250 ) ( ). 2:1. PERKIN-ELMER - 44B 488 420 . 5 , 10 . , , .

3.7.3.

(). (250 ) (250 ) ( ). 2:1. 450650 SPECORD M 40.


III.

 

4.

 

4.1. - , -, - -

in vitro , in vivo. , . , , (Chiti et al., 1999; Goldsbury et al., 2000; O'Nuallain et al., 2004; Uversky & Fink, 2004; . . 5, 6).

- . 914. , , 30 KCl, 10 , 7.0 - ~6070 , ~40 1 (. 9 ). , - , 0.15 -, 7.5 (. 9 ). -, - - , , : 50 M NaCl, 10 M Hepes, pH 7.0; 25 NaCI, 10 Hepes, pH 7.0; 50 M MgCl2, 10 M , pH 7.0; 30 MgCI2, 10 , pH 7.0; 0.15 -KOH, 7.5 (. 1013).

. 14 0.15 -KOH, 7.5. ~3 , 500 . , , 100200 ~3 , ~7 3 500 . , -, , (Kelly, 1998; Chiti et al., 1999; Goldsbury et al., 2000).

, -, - - , , , , β-, .

4.2. - β(25-35)- -

 

- β(25-35)-. , β(25-35)-, 24 37˚ - (. 15 ) 2527 170250 (. 15 , ).

35 . , . (. 15 ), . ~50 . , - Aβ-, .

4.3. , (, -, - -)

, , (Klunk et al., 1989; LeVine, 1993, 1995; Krebs et al., 2005). in vivo in vitro .

, , , - . . 16 -, , 30 KCl, 10 , 7.0, .

-, - - ~10, ~9, ~7 ~5 (. 17). , -, - -, , β- (LeVine, 1993; 1995).

. 17. (TT): X- ( , 0.3 M KCl, 10 -, 7.0) X- (0.15 -KOH, 7.5); - (0.3 M KCl, 10 -, 7.0) - (0.15 -KOH, 7.5); - (0.3 M KCl, 10 -, 7.0) - (0.15 -KOH, 7.5); (0.6 KCl, 30 KH2PO4, 7,0) (0.15 -KOH, 7.5). 1:2.

, -, - - ~490 ~500 (. 18), (Klunk et al., 1989).

. 18. . ( ): X- ( , 0.15 -KOH, 7.5); - (0.15 -KOH, 7.5); - (0.15 -KOH, 7.5); (0.15 -KOH, 7.5). 1:2.

, , .

4.4.

in vitro , in vivo ( , , , , ..) (Stine et al., 2003). , β-, . (Juzczyk et al., 2005). (Labeit & Kolmerer, 1995; Weber et al., 1993; Vaughan et al., 1993), β- . . . 20 -, - - (). , α- , β-. ~10% α-. β- (. 19).

. 19. () -: -;

-; -; . -, -, - ( , 0.3 M KCl, 10 -, 7.0) (0.6 KCl, 30 KH2PO4, 7.0) . -, -, - (0.15 -KOH, 7.5) .

, β- , , in vitro .


4.5. -

in vitro (Kim et al., 2002; Stine et al., 2003; Hwang et al., 2004). : , , , . , , . α-, "α- β-" (. 4). β- , . -, , . - , (LeVine, 1993).

, . . 20. - (14 ), , (. 20 ). (. 20 ), , (. 20 ). 22 , : - (. 20 ). 26 .

. 20. - (4 ), - (17 ), - (22 ), , 30 KCl, 10 , 7.0. 2% . 100 . -.

. , 5.5 25˚, 45 (Chiti et al., 1999). β(1-40)- 7.2, 37˚ 0.1% 4 48 (Qahwash et al., 2003). , in vitro "α- β-", , , , in vivo ( , , , ..). , - ( 7.0, 35, , ) , β(1-40)-. , , 90% β- - in vitro, in vivo.

4.6. - -

. ( ), , ( ., 2000), , . , , -, , . () , () , . , , . , , (, 2001; ., 2003).

, (30 KCl, 10 , 7.0; 0.01 -, pH 7.0; 30 CaCl2, 10 , 7.0; 30 NaCl, 10 , 7.0; 30 MgCl2, 10 , 7.0; 50 MgCl2, 10 , 7.0; 0.15 -, 7.0) - 3 500 (. 21 ).

- 2 500 (. 21 ). - , ( ., 2006).

, , in vitro. , .


1.         ., ., ., ., . (2005) // . 10. . 4246.

2.         .. (1980) // . 224 .

3.         .. (2005) , // . . 105 .

4.         .., .., .., .., .., .. (2000) // . . 45. . 5. . 831835.

5.         .., .., .., .., .. (2002) - Citellus undulatus // . . 47. . 4. . 701705.

6.         .., .., .., .. (2006) : " " // . . . . 407. 5. . 692694.

7.         .., .., .., .., .., .. (1975) -12, 13, 14, -3 // . . . 2. . 4853.

8.         .., .., .., .., .., . (1996) Citellus undulatus // . . 41. . 116122.

9.         .., .., .., .. (2002) // . . 47. . 4. . 706710.

10.      .. (2004) - // . . 107 .

11.      .., .., .. (2006) - // . 9- - , 22 , -, . 207.

12.      .. (2000) : , . // . 1. . 1114.

13.      .. (1981) // .: . . . 5174.

14.      .., .. (2000) // . . 1. 1.

15.      .., .., .. (1980) - - , // .: . . 160163 .

16.      .. (2001) // , 34. C. 3240.

17.      .., .., .., .., .. (2001) // : . 240 .

18.      .., .., .. (2003) // . 448 .

19.      Alyonycheva T.N., Mikawa T., Reinach F.C., Fischman D.A. (1997) Isoform-specific interaction of the myosin-binding proteins (MyBPs) with skeletal and cardiac myosin is a property of the C-terminal immunoglobulin domain // J Biol Chem. V. 272 (33). P. 2086620872.

20.      Bahler M., Moser H., Eppenberger H.M., Wallimann T. (1985) Heart C-protein is transiently expressed during skeletal muscle development in the embryo, but persists in cultured myogenic cells // Develop. Biol. V. 112. P. 345352.

21.      Bauer H.H., Aebi U., Haner M., Hermann R., Muller M, Merkle H.P. (1995) Architecture and polymorphism of fibrillar supramolecular assemblies prodused by in vitro aggregation of human calcitonin. // J. Struct. Biol. V. 115. P. 115.

22.      Bennett P., Craig R., Starr R., Offer G. (1986) The ultrastructural location of C-protein, X-protein and H-protein in rabbit muscle // J. Muscle. Res. & Cell Motil. V. 7 (6). P. 550567.

23.      Bennett P., Starr R., Elliott A., Offer G. (1985) The structure of C-protein and X-protein molecules and a polymer of X-protein // J. Mol. Biol. V. 184. P. 297309.

24.      Blake C.C.F., Serpel L.C. (1996) Synchrotron X-ray studies suggest that the core of the transtyretin amyloid fibrils is a continuous β-sheet helix // Structure V. 4. P. 989998.

25.      Blake C.C.F., Serpel L.C. Sunde M., Sangren O., Lundgren E. (1996) A molecular model of the amyloid fibrils. The nature and origin of amyloid fibrils.// Ciba Found. Simp. V. 199. P. 621.

26.      Callaway J.E., Bechtel P.J. (1981) C-protein from rabbit soleus (red) muscle // Biochem. J. V. 195. P. 463469.

27.      Chiti F., Webster P., Taddei N., Clark A., Stefani M., Ramponi G., Dobson Ch. (1999) Designing conditions for in vitro formation of protofilaments and fibrils // PNAS V. 96. P. 35903594.

28.      Dobson C.M. (2001) The structural basis of protein folding and its links with human disease // Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Ser. B. V. 356. P. 133145.

29.      Draper M. H., Hodge A.J. (1949) Electron microscopy of muscle // Austr. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. V. 27. P. 465483.

30.      Fandrich M., Fletcher M.A., Dobson S.M. (2001) Amyloid fibrils from muscle myoglobin // Nature V. 410. P. 165166.

31.      Flashman E., Redwood C., Moolman-Smook J., Watkins H. (2004) Cardiac myosin binding protein C: its role in physiology and disease // Circ. Res. V. 94 (10). P. 12791289.

32.      Franzini-Armstrong G., Porter K.R. (1964) Sarcolemmal invaginations constituting the T-system in fish muscle tiber // J. Cell Biol. V. 22. P. 675696.

33.      Freiburg A., Gautel M. (1996) A molecular map of the interactions between titin and myosin binding protein C. Implications for sarcomeric assembly in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy // Eur. J. Biochem. V. 235. P. 317323.

34.      Fritz J.D., Swartz D.R., Greaser M.L. (1989) Factors affecting polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis and electroblotting of high-molecular-weight myofibrillar proteins // Analyt. Biochem. V. 180. P. 205210.

35.      Funatsu T., Kono E., Higuchi H., Kimura S., Ishiwata S., Yoshioka T., Maruyama K., Tsukita S. (1993) Elastic filaments in situ in cardiac muscle: deep-etch replica analysis in combination with selective removal of actin and myosin filaments // J. Cell Biol. V. 120. P. 711724.

36.      Fürst D.O., Osborn M., Nave R., Weber K. (1988) The organization of titin filaments in the half-sarcomere revealed by monoclonal antibodies in immunoelectron microscopy: a map of ten nonrepetitive epitopes starting at the Z line extends close to the M line // J. Cell Biol. V. 106. P. 15631572.

37.      Fürst D.O., Vinkemeier U., Weber K. (1992) Mammalian skeletal muscle C-protein: purification from bovine muscle, binding to titin and the characterization of a full-length human cDNA // J Cell Sci. V. 102. P. 769-778.

38.      Glenner G., Eanes E., Bladen H., Linke R. (1974) β-plated sheet fibrils. A comparison of native amyloid with synthetic protein fibrils // J. Histochem. Cytochem. V. 22. P. 11411158.

39.      Godfrey J.E., Harrington W.F. (1970) Self-association in the myosin system at high ionic strength. II. Evidence for the presence of a monomer-dimmer equilibrium // Biochemistry. V. 9 (4). P. 894908.

40.      Goedert M. (2001) α-Synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases // Nature Rev. Neurosci. V. 2. P. 492501.

41.      Goldsbury C.S., Wirtz S., Müller S.A., Sunderji S., Wicki P., Aebi U., Frey P. (2000) studies on the in vitro assembly of Aβ(1-40): implications for the search for Aβ fibril formation inhibitors // J. of Struct. Biol. V. 130. P. 217231.

42.      Gregorio C.C., Granzier H., Sorimachi H., Labeit S. (1999) Muscle assembly: a titanic achievement? // Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. V. 11. P. 1825.

43.      Guijarro J.I., Sunde M., Jones J.A., Campbell I.D., Dobson C.M. (1998) Amyloid fibril formation by an SH3 domain // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA V. 95. P.42244228.

44.      Hanson J., O'Brien E. J., Bennett P. M. (1971) Structure of the myosin-containing filament assembly (A-segment) separated from frog skeletal muscle // J. Mol. Biol. V. 58. P. 865871.

45.      Hartzell H.C. (1985) Effects of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated C-protein on cardiac actomyosin ATPase //J. Moll. Biol. V. 186. P. 185195.

46.      Hartzell H.C., Glass D.B. (1984) Phosphorylation of purified cardiac muscle C-protein by purified cAMF-dependent and endogenous Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases // J. Biol. Chem. V. 259. P. 1558715596.

47.      Hartzell H.C., Titus L. (1982) Effect of cholinergic and adrenergic agonists on phosphorylation of a 165000-dalton myofibrillar protein in intact amphibian cardiac muscle // J. Biol. Chem. V. 257. P. 21112120.

48.      Hashimoto M., Rockenstein E., Crews L., Masliah E. (2003) Role of protein aggregation in mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases // Neuromolekular Med. V. 4. P. 2136.

49.      Houmeida A., Holt J., Tskhovrebova L., Trinick J. (1995) Studies of the interaction between titin and myosin // J. Cell Biol. V. 131. P. 14711481.

50.      Hwang W., Zhang Sh., Kamm R.D., Karplus M. (2004) Kinetic control of dimmer structure formation in amyloid fibrillogenesis // PNAS V. 101. P. 1291612921.

51.      Improta S., Politou A.S., Pastore A. (1996) Immunoglobulin-like modules from titin I-band: extensible components of muscle elasticity // Structure V. 4. P. 323337.

52.      Itoh Y., Kimura S., Suzuki T., Ohashi K., Maruyama K. (1986) Native connectin from porcine cardiac muscle // J. Biochem. V. 100. P. 439447.

53.      Jeacocre S.A., England P.J. (1980) Phosphorylation of a myofibrillar protein of Mr 150000 in perfused rat heart, and the tentative identification of this as C-protein // FEBS Letters. V. 122. P. 129132.

54.      Juszczyk P., Kolodziejczyk A.S., Grzonka Z. (2005) Circular dichroism and aggregation studies of amyloid β (11-28) fragment and its variants // Acta Biochim. Pol. V. 52. P. 425431.

55.      Kelly J.W. (1998) The alternative conformations of amyloidogenic proteins and their multi-step assembly pathways // Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. V. 8. P. 101106.

56.      Kielley W.W., Harrington W.F. (1960) A model for the myosin molecule // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. V. 41 (3). P. 401421.

57.      Kim Y., Randolph T.W., Stevens F.J., Carpenter J.F. (2002) Kinetics and energetics of assembly, nucleation, and growth of aggregates and fibrils for an amylodogenic protein // J. Biol. Chem. V. 277. P. 2724027246.

58.      Klunk W.E., Pettegrew J.W., Abraham D.J. (1989) Quantitative evaluation of Congo red binding to amyloid-like proteins with a beta-pleated sheet conformation // J. Histochem. Cytochem. V. 37. P. 12731281.

59.      Koretz J.F., Irving T.C., Wang K. (1993) Filamentous aggregates of native titin and binding of C-protein and AMP-desaminase // Arch. Biochem. Biophys. V. 304 (2). 305309.

60.      Krebs M.R., Bromley E.H., Donald A.M. (2005) The binding of thioflavin-T to amyloid fibrils: localisation and implications. // J. Struct. Biol. V. 149. P. 3037.

61.      Kulikovskaya I., McClellan G., Flavigny J., Carrier L., Winegrad S. (2003) Effect of MyBP-C binding to actin on contractility in heart muscle // J. Gen. Physiol. V. 122 (6). 761774.

62.      Kunst G, Kress KR, Gruen M, Uttenweiler D, Gautel M, Fink RH. (2000) Myosin binding protein C, a phosphorylation-dependent force regulator in muscle that controls the attachment of myosin heads by its interaction with myosin S2 // Circ Res. V. 86 (1). P. 5158.

63.      Labeit S. & Kolmerer B. (1995) Titins, giant proteins in charge of muscle ultrastructure and elasticity // Science. V. 270. P. 293296.

64.      Laemmli H. (1970) Clevage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacterophage T4 // Nature. V. 227 (5259). P. 680685.

65.      Lee E.K., Park Y.W., Dong Y.Sh., Mook-Jung I., Yoo Yu. J. (2006) Cytosolic amyloid-β peptide 42 escaping from degradation induces cell death // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communs. V. 344. P. 471477.

66.      LeVine III H. (1993) Thioflavine T interaction with synthetic Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid peptides: detection of amyloid aggregation in solution // Prot. Sci. V. 2. P. 404410.

67.      LeVine III H. (1995) Thioflavine T interactions with amyloid β-sheet structures // Amyloid. V. 2. P. 16.

68.      Lim M.S., Sutherland C., Walsh M.P. (1985) Phosphorylation of bovine cardiac C-protein by protein kinase C // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communs. V. 132. P. 11871195.

69.      Linke W.A., Kulke M., Li H., Fujita-Becker S., Naegoe C., Manstein D.J., Gautel M., Fernandez J.M. (2002) PEVK domain on titin: an entropic spring with actin-binding properties // J. Struct. Biol. V. 137. P. 194205.

70.      Liversage A.D., Holmes D., Knight P.J., Tskhovrebova L., Trinick J. (2001) Titin and the sarcomere symmetry paradox // J. Mol. Biol. V. 305. P. 401409.

71.      Maruyama K., Kimura S., Ohashi K., Kuwano Y. (1981) Connectin, an elastic protein of muscle. Identification of titin with connectin // J. Biochem. V. 89. P. 701709.

72.      Maruyama K., Matsubara R., Natori Y., Nonomura S., Kimura S., Ohashi K., Murakami F., Handa S., Eguchi G. (1977) Connectin, an elastic protein of muscle // J. Biochem. V. 82. P. 317337.

73.      McClellan G., Kulikovskaya I., Winegrad S. (2001) Changes in cardiac contractility related to calcium-mediated changes in phosphorylation of myosin-binding protein C // Biophys. J. V. 81 (2). P. 10831092.

74.      McClellan G., Kulikovskaya I., Flavigny J., Carrier L., Winegrad S. (2004) Effect of cardiac myosin-binding protein C on stability of the thick filament // J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. V. 37 (4). P. 823835.

75.      Mohamed A.S., Dignam J.D., Schlender K.K. (1998) Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C): identification of protein kinase A and protein kinase C phosphorylation sites // Arch. Biochem. Biophys. V. 358 (2). P. 313319.

76.      Moos C. (1981) Fluorescence microscope study of the binding of added C-protein to skeletal muscle myofibrils // J. Cell Biol. V. 90 P. 2531.

77.      Moos C., Dubin J., Mason C., Besterman J. (1976) Binding of C-protein to F-actin // Biophys. J. V. 16. P. 47a.

78.      Moos C., Mason C.M., Besterman J. M., Feng I-N. M., Dubin J.H. (1978) The binding of skeletal muscle C-protein to F-actin and its relation to the interaction of actin with myosin subfragment-1 // J. Mol. Biol. V. 124. P. 571586.

79.      Moos C., Offer G., Starr R., Bennett P. (1975) Interaction of C-protein with myosin, myosin rod and light meromyosin // J. Mol. Biol. V. 97. P. 19.

80.      Muhle-Goll C., Pastore A., Nilges M. (1998) The 3D structure of a type I module from titin: a prototype of intracellular fibronectin type III domains // Structure. V. 6. P. 1291-1302.

81.      Nave R., Furst D.O., Weber K. (1989) Visualization of the polarity of isolated titin molecules: a single globular head on a long thin rod as the M band anchoring domain? // J. Cell Biol. V. 109. P. 21772187.

82.      Offer G., Moos C., Starr R., (1973) A new protein of the thick filaments of vertebrate skeletal myofibrils. Extraction, purification and characterization // J. Mol. Biol. V. 74. P. 653676.

83.      O'Nuallain B., Williams A.D., Westermark P., Wetzel R. (2004) Seeding specificity in amyloid growth induced by heterologous fibrils // J. Biol. Chem. V. 279. P. 1749017499.

84.      Pepe F. A. (1967) The myosin filament. I. Structural organization from antibody staining observed in electron microscopy // J. Mol. Biol. V. 27. P. 203225.

85.      Podlubnaya Z.A., Freydina N.A., Lednev V.V. (1990) The axial repeats in paracrystals of light meromyosin and its complex with C-protein // Gen. Physiol. Biophts. V. 9. P. 301310.

86.      Qahwash I., Weiland K., Lu Yi., Sarver R., Kletzien R., Yan R. (2003) Identification of a mutant amyloid peptide that predominantly forms neurotoxic protofibrillar aggregates // J. Biol. Chem. V. 278. P. 2318723195.

87.      Rees M.K., Young M. (1967) Studies on the isolation and molecular properties of homogenous globular actin. Evidence for a single polypeptide chain structure // J. Biol. Chem. V. 242 (19). P. 44494458.

88.      Safer D., Pepe F.A. (1980) Axial packing in light meromyosin paracrystals // J. Mol. Biol. V. 136. P. 343358.

89.      Sato N., Kawakami T., Nakayama A., Suzuki H., Kasahara H., Obitana T. (2003) A novel variant of cardiac myosin-bihding protein-C that is unable to assemble into

90.      Shirahama T., Cohen A.S. (1967) High-resolution electron microscopic analysis of the amyloid fibril. // J. Cell. Biol. V. 33. P. 679708.

91.      Sipe J.D., Cohen A.S. (2000) History of the amyloid fibril. // J. Struct. Biol. V. 130. P. 8898.

92.      Siragelo I., Malmo C., Iannuzzi C., Mezzogiorno A., Bianco .R., Papa M., Irace G. (2004) Fibrillogenesis and cytotoxic activity of the amyloid-forming apomyoglobin mutant W7FW14F // J. Biol. Chem. V. 279. P. 1318313189.

93.      Soteriou A., Gamage M., Trinick J. (1993) A survey of interactions made by the giant protein titin // J. Cell Sci. V. 14. P. 119123.

94.      Squire J.M. (1981) The structural basis of muscular contraction // New York. London. P. 349.

95.      Starr R. & Offer G. (1971) Polypeptide chains of intermediate molecular weight in myosin preparations // FEBS Lett. V. 15. P. 4044.

96.      Starr R. & Offer G. (1983) H-protein and X-protein. Two new components of the thick filaments of vertebrate skeletal muscle // J. Mol. Biol. V. 170. P. 675698.

97.      Starr R., Offer G. (1978) Interaction of C-protein with heavy meromyosin and subfragment-2 // Biochem. J. V. 171. P. 813816.

98.      Starr R., Offer G. (1982) Preparation of C-protein, H-protein, X-protein and phosphofructokinase // In: Methods in enzymology. New York. London. V. 85. Part B. P. 130138.

99.      Stine W.B., Dahlgren K.N., Krafft G.A., LaDu M.J. (2003) In vitro characterization for amyloid-β peptide oligomerization and fibrillogenesis // J. of Biol. Chem. V. 278. P. 1161211622.

100.    Stelzer J., Patel J., Moss R. (2006) Protein kinase A-medieted acceleration of the stretch activation responce in murine skinned myocardium is eliminated by ablation of cMyBP-C // Circ. Res. V. 13. P. 884890.

101.    Sunde M., Blake C.C.F. (1997) The structure of amyloid fibrils by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. // Adv. Prot. Chem. V. 50. P. 123159.

102.    Suzuki J., Kimura S., Maruyama K. (1994) Electron microscope filament lengths of connectin and its fragments // J. Biochem. V. 116. P. 406410.

103.    Suzuki K., Terry R.D. (1967) Fine structural localization of acid phosphatase in senile plaques in Alzheimer's presenile dementia. // Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.). V. 8. P. 276284.

104.    Tan S.Y., Perys M.B. (1994) Histopahtology // Amyloidosis. V. 25. P. 403414.

105.    Trinick J., Knight P., Whiting A. (1984) Purification and properties of native titin // J. Mol. Biol. V. 180. P. 331356.

106.    Tskhovrebova L., Trinick J. (1997) Direct visualization of extensibility in isolated titin molecules // J. Mol. Biol. V. 265. P. 100106.

107.    Uversky V.N., Fink A.L. (2004) Conformational constraints for amyloid fibrillation: the importance of being unfolded // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. V. 1698. P. 131153.

108.    Vaughan K.T., Weber F.E., Einheber S., Fichman D.A. (1993) Molecular cloning of chiken myosin-binding protein (MyBP) H (86-kDa protein) reveals extensive homology with MyBP-C (C-protein) with conserved immunoglobulin C2 and fibronectin type III motifs. // J. Biol. Chem. V. 268. P. 36703676.

109.    Wang K., McClure J., Tu A. (1979) Titin: major myofibrillar components of striated muscle // Proc.Natl Acad. Sci.USA. V. 76 (8). P. 36983702.

110.    Wang K & Wright J. (1988) Architecture of the sarcomere matrix of skeletal muscle: immunoelectron microscopic evidence that suggests a set of parallel inextensible nebulin filaments anchored at the Z-line // J Cell Biol. V. 107 (6 Pt 1). P. 2199212.

111.    Weber F.E., Vaughan K.T., Reinach F.C., Fischman D.A. (1993) Complete sequence of human fast-type and slow-type muscle myosin-binding-protein C (MyBP-C). Differential expression, conserved domain structure and chromosome assignment // Eur J Biochem. V. 216 (2). P.661669.

112.    Weisberg A., Winegrad S. (1996) Alteration of myosin cross bridges by phosphorylation of myosin-binding protein C in cardiac muscle // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. V. 93 (17). P. 89999003.

113.    Weisberg A., Winegrad S. (1998) Relation between crossbridge structure and actomyosin ATPase activity in rat heart // Circ Res. V. 83 (1). P. 6072

114.    Yamamoto K. & Moos K. (1983) The C-protein of rabbit red, white, and cardiac muscles // J. Biol. Chem. V. 258 (13). P. 83958401.

115.    Yamamoto K. (1984) Characterization of H-protein, a component of skeletal muscle myofibrils // J. Biol. Chem. V. 259. P. 71637168.

116.    Zerovnik E. (2002) Amyloid fibril formation // Eur. J. Biochem. V. 269. P. 33623371.

. .. - -

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :