. , , ,

,,,

,

-

:

..

..

2006


1.

/
1 1 0 160-180
2 2 / 7-13
3 3 % 10-20

, %

, . 1950 . . , 19 15 3-5 . , .

, : , , , , , , , , , , .

1.1

, . , - . . . .

1.2

, 182 204 0. , . 143 0, . , , , , . , .

1.3

, . , , , , , . , , .

, , , , . , -20 , . , , , . , , , .

1.4

, , , . . -, , . 2-5 % . , . , , .

-, , . 65 % . ( , ) 55-60 %. .

, . 40 %- , 60 %. 10-11 % - , , . , , . 53 %. , . 40 %.

. , , .

. , .

, . 2 18 %. 30 % . . , . , . . - 7 16 %, . , , , 11-12 %.

. , 7 %. , .

. , , .

, , . , , . , . , . - , .

, , . . 16 % . , , . , , . , , . , .

: . : , - , , , .

. , 10-12 %. 6,5-7 %. . , .


1.5

, , . . . .

. , , . . , (, ) , . , . . . , .

1.6 , ( )

. , . , , . , . , , , . , . , , ( ). -, . -, , . . , ( 1 ), . . , , . , , . , , . , . , . . , .

371 0 . , .


1.7

, , . . , , . 163-191 0 , . , .

. 3.2 . , . , , . 16- , , , . , .

. , ; . , , , . , , , . , , , , .


2.

. . . .

. . .

, . :

.

: b0, b1x1, b2x2, b3x3.

, , .. b12x1x2, b13x1x3, b23x2x3. , , , , , . .


3.

: - - ().

.

- , .. , . .

- , . : -1, 0, +1 . - , . - . , . , - 2- , .

- , : +1 1, . ( ):

k 2k .

- , 2k . -, ,

.

- 3.1

3.1

x1 x2 x3 y
1 +1 +1 +1 y1
2 +1 +1 -1 y2
3 +1 -1 +1 y3
4 +1 -1 -1 y4
5 -1 +1 +1 y5
6 -1 +1 -1 y6
7 -1 -1 +1 y7
8 -1 -1 -1 y8
9 +1 0 0 y9
10 -1 0 0 y10
11 0 +1 0 y11
12 0 -1 0 y12
13 0 0 +1 y13
14 0 0 -1 y14

- 3.2

3.2

x1 x2 x3 y
1 180 13 20
2 180 12 10
3 180 7 20
4 180 7 10
5 160 13 20
6 160 13 10
7 160 7 20
8 160 7 10
9 180 10 15
10 160 10 15
11 170 13 15
12 170 7 15
13 170 10 20
14 170 10 10

4.

4.1

4.1

9,342 9,199 9,356
9,221 9,303 9,224
9,324 9,84 9,495
9,085 9,439 10,07
8,718 9,606 9,651
9,583 10,192 9,818
9,501 9,208 9,931
9,839 9,562 9,553
10,657 10,115 9,7
9,965 10,007 9,642
10,054 8,111 9,775
9,992 8,482 9,323
10,019 9,664 9,213
9,898 9,253 11,085
9,039 8,962 9,418
9,596 9,611 8,921
9,183 9,946 9,941
9,909 9,714 9,365
9,47 9,567 8,959
9,239 9,179 9,043

8,111 11,085 . k :

k = 1 + 3,2ln n, (4.1)

n .

k, , .

k = 1 + 3,2ln 60 7.

:

(4.2)

, . . χ2 . : n > 50 150. l , - + . mi , . i- .

pi = (z2) (z1), (4.3)

z1 = (- ) / s; z2 = ( - ) / s;

- ; s ; - i- ; - i- ; (z) :

(z) =

z = z1 z = z2 . , (z) :

(- z) = - (z).

χ2

χ2 = . (4.4)

q k = l 3 . , .

:

4.2

mi z1 z2 (z1) (z2) pi pin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 8,111 8,537 2 -2,19 -2,06 0,014 0,019 0,005 0,3 2,89 9,633
2 8,537 8,963 3 -2,06 -1,18 0,019 0,119 0,1 6 9 1,5
3 8,963 9,389 19 1,18 -0,3 0,119 0,382 0,263 15,78 10,3684 0,657
4 9,389 9,815 18 -0,3 0,58 0,382 0,719 0,337 20,22 4,9284 0,244
5 9,815 10,241 16 0,58 1,46 0,719 0,927 0,208 12,48 12,3904 0,993
6 10,241 10,667 1 1,46 2,34 0,927 0,990 0,063 3,78 7,7284 2,045
7 10,667 11,093 1 2,34 3,22 0,990 0,999 0,009 0,54 0,2116 0,392

7 , . , . 4.1

s .

= =

=

=

=

=

= 9,535


:

%

4.3 z1 z2 ( 4.2)


:

(4.3) i- :

. q = 0,05, k = 7-3 = 4. q k - .

My

q = 1-P = 1 0,95 = 0,05

f = n 1 = 60 1 = 59

tqf = 2,00


5.

5.1

5.1

9,342 9,199 9,356
9,221 9,303 9,224
9,324 9,84 9,495
9,085 9,439 10,07
8,718 9,606 9,651
9,583 10,192 9,818
9,501 9,208 9,931
9,839 9,562 9,553
10,657 10,115 9,7
9,965 10,007 9,642
10,054 8,111 9,775
9,992 8,482 9,323
10,019 9,664 9,213
9,898 9,253 11,085
9,039 8,962 9,418
9,596 9,611 8,921
9,183 9,946 9,941
9,909 9,714 9,365
9,47 9,567 8,959
9,239 9,179 9,043

n , , , , ∆. s2. n

(5.1)

t q f, s2.


6.

6.1

6.1

x1 x2 x3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4
1 + + + 9,675 6,600 8,127 12,770 9,293 12,568 6,949
2 + + - 7,812 6,600 10,133 8,586 8,283 8,478 2,189
3 + - + 9,834 6,740 12,930 11,382 10,222 14,063 6,985
4 + - - 12,324 9,229 10,776 10,003 10,583 9,972 1,746
5 - + + 12,786 8,918 13,560 12,013 11,819 12,341 4,139
6 - + - 7,675 6,600 8,449 10,771 8,374 4,652 3,128
7 - - + 20,700 20,700 12,133 18,323 17,964 17,888 16,367
8 - - - 13,951 15,498 13,177 11,630 13,564 10,199 2,593
9 + 0 0 18,209 13,567 11,246 20,498 15,880 12,723 17,858
10 - 0 0 7,623 8,656 10,204 11,751 9,559 12,723 3,261
11 0 + 0 14,630 16,177 13,856 17,725 15,597 15,360 2,944
12 0 - 0 17,691 19,238 16,917 20,700 18,637 18,881 2,823
13 0 0 + 8,182 6,635 11,277 12,825 9,729 13,425 7,983
14 0 0 - 12,386 13,933 10,065 8,517 11,225 7,5357 5,787
170,729 84,752

.

- . , . , - . :


(6.1)

- ;

- , i = 1,2,,k;

- , i = 1,2,,k;

- , ;

- , .

(6.1) :

(6.2)

- k = 3 6.2:

6.2

0,40624

0,15624

0,1

0,5

- 0,09375

0,125

:

(6.3)

, k = 3, :

.

:

:




: G- .

m , . . G-

, . . q = 0,05, f = n - 1= 4 - 1 = 3 m = 14 G = G, G = 0,28. G < G - .

:

6.1 6.3:

6.3

x1 x2 x3 x1x2 x1x3 x2x3

1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 9,293 9,293 9,293 9,293 9,293 9,293
2 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 8,283 8,283 -8,283 8,283 8,283 8,283
3 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 10,222 -10,222 10,222 10,222 10,222 10,222
4 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 10,583 -10,583 -10,583 10,583 10,583 10,583
5 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -11,819 11,819 11,819 11,819 11,819 11,819
6 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 -8,374 8,374 -8,374 8,374 8,374 8,374
7 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -17,964 -17,964 17,964 17,964 17,964 17,964
8 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -13,564 -13,564 -13,564 13,564 13,564 13,564
9 +1 0 0 0 0 0 15,880 0 0 15,880 0 0
10 -1 0 0 0 0 0 -9,559 0 0 9,559 0 0
11 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0 15,597 0 0 15,597 0
12 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 -18,637 0 0 18,637 0
13 0 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0 9,729 0 0 9,729
14 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 11,225 0 0 11,225

- - - - - - -7,019 -17,604 29,448 115,541 124,336 111,056

1 9,293 9,293 9,293
2 8,283 -8,283 -8,283
3 -10,222 10,222 -10,222
4 -10,583 -10,583 10,583
5 -11,819 -11,819 11,819
6 -8,374 8,374 -8,374
7 17,964 -17,964 -17,964
8 13,564 13,564 13,564
9 0 0 0
10 0 0 0
11 0 0 0
12 0 0 0
13 0 0 0
14 0 0 0

8,106 -7,196 0,416

:

:


.

t- . t- fy q = 5 % , t = 2,02. bi t-:

- , . . , , :


:

.

:


, . .

, :

,

- ;

- j- ;

- ,

.

N ;

P ,

.

:

, ()

F- :

,

F- , q = 5% . ; , , .


7.

, .

: .

- :

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :