,,,
-, , 1969 - -. , "hip-hop" - DJ , . 1969- DJ, , : "b-boys" - "break boys" - ", ".
. , , , , - , - . - , .
"b-boys". , , , -, "bad boys" - "". "flygirls" - "", , , - "" "". , - - .
: - , DJ -, . , , -. DJ , - . DJ , - - , . , -.
- . - , ( Pete DJ Jones, DJ Hollywood, Eddie Cheeba, "Love Bug" Starski ) - , . , , , -. , . . - DJ , , . MC ("master of ceremonies" - ""). , , .
. - , . , , . , FM-, . , , , , , , . . - "griot" - "", . ( - - , : , , - , , .)
, , . , - , -. -, , , . ( - , , ...)
70-, . , , , . . , - -. . .
- . "Sly & Family Stone", --. () . . - -. , , "break-dance".
1972- b-boys flygirls - , , . , "Beatstreet": - , - - , , , , - ...
, , :
" - , "Never Mind The Bollocks". , , "Sex Pistols" - , , - . . - , . : ", , . : - ." . , , , . . , . . , , . , . , , - . , , , , . . , "The Cars", . , , , - ! , -, . , , ..."*
, , . - . -, - , . , , . - , , - - , .
b-boys flygirls - - "" $ - , "". - , , .
, , . , , , . , . . , , .
-, , . " , "kongo square dance". "Kongo Square" , . " " (, , ), - . , , . , "" - "" - , ."**
( , - -. , , , , . , - - , -. , - , / , , . , . , - . -, . , , , . , , - . - , , , - - , . .
, - , . , "kongo square dance" , . , - , . , . " i ", - - , , , . . , , , . , .)
60- - - , " ", - (" ").
(, - ), - . - "breaking". , 1969 - "The Good Foot" .
- , "boogie", . "tiking" - , , - . "", , , "" . 1969 , -, "" - . "locking", ( MTV ).
- "". , , : , . "" . - , , . " ". , . . , - . , . "Mothership" . , , , . , , - . , , "" .
, "-". - , . "Mothership" -, , - ... , - - , , -. , - - , . - , .
72- (- "crew" , - "clic", - , , ), . ( ) . , , - . , , "Rock Steady Crew" "New-York City Breakers". "" , , , . "Rock Steady Crew" - , - , - .
(, , , ) - . 70-, 16- - - Taki 183. "" - . : Lenny Len Lake 2, Rip 7, Tracy 168 . - - Crazy Legs , , The Man With a Thousand Moves...
- , , - "" "". Taki - . Taki : --, ( 1971 "The New York Times" ) -.
- , . , . ("pieces" - , "masterpiece" - ""), . - ( "caracters") -.
( "") . - - "" ; . , - -. "to bomb"...
- , , , . - . ; , .
1972- - - "The EX Vandals", "The Soul Artists", "United Graffiti Artists". - Super Kool 223 "Gilett". , Super Kool , .
: Phase 2 "bubble letters"; Blade Comet - "" - "blockbuster"; , "3D", King 2 Pistoll; - "wildstyle", , , - .
, "Style Wars" ( Knock, ). - . - "..." ("The Cross Outs"- " "), - Cap, "blockbuster" . , "-" - . , , - .
. - Riff (top-to-bottom) , Flint 707 - , "top-to-bottom-whole-car".
- "New York Magazine" , . , . , 1983-, , , . . - 22 . . "MTA" "Buffen" , . , "Buffen" , .
, - 1981, , . "" , - . "Whole-car" - - . , . - . : " , , . , , ..."
- , , . 1975 , "Hevalo" . (, , - ). - - . - . - - , . MC - , , , - :
Yes Yes Y'all,
Yes Yes Y'all,
One Two Y'all
To The Beat Y'all!
, "emceeing". "" . . . -, . . , "", . "mannjafbr" (" "), - . , " ", . - "Lokasenna" - . . , "", - "yelp". "gelp", - "gab". "gab" .
" : . , , , , : .
- , ("dozens" "signifying", "talking shits") 30- . , , ( "dozens" - ""). dozens, - - . , - . ( ) : . , , . - - : , , , .., - , , "Black Power" , . .
, , ."**
dozens . , , . , . , - , - ...
"Signifying dozens : , , . Signifying , . , ..."**
- . -, , , - -. dozens. - . , , - . ( . , : , "" - . , , , -, , "" .)
, " " - ; Mele Mel, , , . : , - ... , "" . "We born to rock the world!" - Mele Mel .
1976 - "Trans-Europe Express" Kraftwerk, . - "-" "" - , , .
- Grandmaster Flash Grand Wizard Theodore . , - - . , , , MC .
"-" - . , , -, - "Grand Master Flash & The Furious 5".
, . 60- - ( ) "Black and Beautyfull" "" . - ( - ) "Raping and reading" " ". , 1968 "Last Poets" -. " " , , - . "Last Poets" . "Niggers are Scared of Revolution" :
70- "Last Poets", , , - . , , , " "...
" - ". "The Furious Five" , , . - - , -, - , .
, . - , , , , . - , - , . - , , ...
- , . : , , - . , . - -: , , , . , , , .
1976 . , , , , . , . (, -, ) , , , . (, -, , DJ - 1977 . - ...)
MC , - - , . - , . . , , , . - dozens - , , .
- . 1974 DJ , "Black Spades" (" ", ), "Zulu Nation" ( , ) - -. , "-", , , .
"Zulu Nation" , , "" - , , . , - . - . , -, , , - .
70- -. Afrika Bambaataa, "Furious Five", - , . ( , , .) - "" - .
, . " " - , , , 30- - , . , , , " " , - . , - . , " " , " ", - .
- - . , , . - . " " - -, - . ( , "Moslim Nation", - - . , , , , - .) 80- " " - .
"Zulu Nation" . , - , , - . , , "" - , , , , .. - , , - . - , , , , . , , "Zulu Nation" - .
, - , . 1982 " " "The Message" - . "Public Enemy" "KRS-One" . , . , . - " ".
, " ", , . " " - , - , , , - ... 1966 , - , , - "" - , . : " , . , , , !" : . , , . .
( : , , , . . . ...)
. , . - - "" , . ( , , - ). - . "", , . . - . 70-, -, " " , , . . "" : "Babylon", , "motherfucker". , , "" - , . , - . : "He's the worst motherfucker that has ever come to this world!" - . - : " . , 4-5 - ..." , , - , , dozens.
1970 , "", , - . . , "Public Enemy". "Black Panthers", "Rebel Without a Pause" . (" " ), - . , , - . "Public Enemy" . . . "the sky is the limit" ( ) . , .
, , , - .
, , . -.
. 1979 The Sugar Hill Gang "Rapper's Delight" - -40. "New York Post" -. - , . 1981 "The Clash" - "Futura 2000" , , - . " " - , "glide".
1983-. -: "Wild Style", "Style Wars", "Beatstreet" "Graffiti Rock". , , - "Rock Steady Crew", "Furious Five", , . - "Buffalo Gals" - "Rock Steady Crew" . . - - ...
1984 - - , - - . - . - KDAY, -. "Rock Steady Crew" "Ghettoriginal", - .
1986 "Run DMC" "Walk This Way" - . "Raising Hell" , "Rolling Stone" "Run DMC" . , .
20 "Run DMC" "My Adidas", . . - . "Adidas", , . ( ) , . "KRS One" "Nike" "Sprite". - ...
. , , . , , dozens . - . MC "battles". 1987 Mele Mel "KRS One" "" (-, ); . , , - . 90- "battles" . , -- .
"Public Enemy" - , -...
, , . 1988 "N.W.A" - "Straight outta Compton", "" - -. -.
"N.W.A." "Niggas Wit' Attitude" - - " " ( - " "). - "", - , - . "" , - , , - "L.A.Raiders" ( "Niggers With Activator" - " "). , , ...
, , , : ( " " " "). . , , . "N.W.A." . , "drive-by shooting" ( , ). - . , , - , , . ( - .)
- . , , . signifying, - . .
, , . , "old school". : , , , , , , .. "Public Enemy" , - ... "" , .
, "N.W.A." "Furious Five" "Public Enemy". : "" , - , . "" Eazy-E, , - ( - ).
, . . , "?!". , , .
- - , . dozens "" , , .
( , , : , . , - "" - - "" -, 50- . .)
, , - . "" " " , , "" - . "Public Enemy" , . (, , , - ). "" - , - . , , ("the sky is the limit"), . , . , , .
" ," - (, , ). - , , , : , , , -. : , ; "" - . : - ...
1990 "N.W.A." - , - - Eazy-E, Dr.Dre Ice Cube. "Suge" - "Death Row Records", . "Death Row" 60 , - . 1996- , - (!) .
, . , , - , , ( " - "), - . . - , "talking shits" - . , ("2 Live Crew") , . "Death Row Records" . -, , , 1992 ( , ), - 58 , .
, , - , , - . 70 - , - .
- - , . - , . - , . . - , , . , - , , , - - , .
- , dozens, . . , - .
" " -. , , - ? - - , , , . ( - - 80- TV .)
, - WASP, , "drive-bys" - , , . , . , , "All Eyez on Me" - " ". , .
, - "East Coast/West Coast war" - , 1996 "Bow Down". - , . - (Notorious B.I.G.) - . ( "battle" - dozens - .)
7 1996 - ( ); , - ; ; , . ...
, . . , , ("The 7 day theory" "Live after Death" ) - . . "Have a party at my funeral!" - " !" - . , , , - .
(-, , . , , .)
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