. , , ,

,,,

—

I

-

-

- . -

- ,

-

.

, ..., ...

....

: / -

/ - -

/ /. -

- -

, , ,

, .. . -

.. /..,

.., ./ .

,

- -

- -

-

, --

- -

. -

.

-

,

,

, -

, ,

. ,

: -

, -

.

, , ,

-

.

..... , -

, .

-

, ..-

, "-

",

.. /, 1985/. -

:

1)

,

.

2) -

. ,

, -

.

3) , -


II

,

"" - -

.

4) , ,

,

.

5) , , -

,

, // . . ..

6) , , -

: ) - ;

) , ; ) -

; ) -

.

, --

, , ...,

,

-

, .. ,

. -

,

.

, -,

/ , ../

, , -

, ,

.

.

, . ,

. (A Classical Dictionary of

Vulgar Tongue) (1785.). (1796.) . -

70 , .

1933. .

"Slang Today and Tomorrow",

.

-

. ,

. , -

,

, .

, Bad Bargain ( -

), skulker (), lobster-box (), mug up (-

), spin ( - ), rookery ( -

, ), rooky (, ,

""), . , .

(1859. : A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant and Vulgar

Words), . (1914-18 . : Songs and Slang of the British

Soldier).

(1) . , . :

Bad Bargain. More generally, King's bad bargain. "A worthless

soldier"

Skulker - a soldier, a sailor, or a civilian "who keeps out of

the way when any work is to be done."

Lobster-box, "a barrack or military station."

Mug up , "to work for an examination."

Spin, "to fail a candidate."

Rookery, "that part of a barrack occupied by subalterns."

Rooky, "a recruit."

(2) . :

Foot-Slogger. An infantryman. Variants in the 1890's were mud-


- 2 -

crusher, beetle-crusher, worm-crusher.

, -

, . ,

("soldiers' jargon", "sai-

lors' jargon") .

-

,

. -,

-, - .

.

, -

. .

"The American Language" ,

-

.

.

-

. : blimp ( ), cootie (), Frog

(), Jack (), Johnson ( ),

blotto ( ), over the top ( ).

. ,

fag (, "", "",

""), blighty ( ,

), funk-hole (, ) , ,

. -

, , -

: cold-feet (), nix (), chew the rag (,

" ", "").

. ,

. , hand-shaker (, ), slum (-

), jawbone ( ), top-kick ( ), gob (-

), padre ( ). , ,

tin-hat (), A.W.O.l. (absent without official leave) ("-

") .

, . -

,

, -


- 3 -

.

.

-

. -

.

.   1973. -

( 3 ) . . -

-

.

. .

" " (soup : ), "-

" (KO - knock

out (, )), Jim Crow (),

-

. ,

, -

, -, --

. /. . . /

" ", -

. . . . , . . ,

, ,

, -

, -

. ,

, :

()

bale out ( )

bloke ()

chow ()

sad apple ( )

watch your step ( )

()

banger ()

brassed off ( )

career boy (,

)


- 4 -

on the Baron (, )

()

armored cow (, , )

bamboo juice ()

bitch box ()

cat beer ()

leatherneck ( )

. . ,

, -

,

-. ,

Π ( 5

), -

.

( - -

) . . ,

,

- , .

, ""

fodder, manbutcher, tin soldier, war horse. ,

, , .

,

brass hat (), G. J. Jesus ( ), Jerry,

Krauthead ( ).

. . " -

" "-

". ""

"". , - -

,

. , top

kick first sergeant (), shavetail second

lieutenant ( ). ,

, -

, -

.

-

. , guardhouse lawyer (-

, )


- 5 -

", ".

gremlin (,

), "-

".

. . . .

, , -

, -

, .

, ,

-

. -

頠

,

,

.

,

.

, , -

, 1796.,

. ,

, , .

,

-

, :

1. , .

2. , .

3. , ,

.

4. , , -

- .

5. , , -

--

.


- 6 -

6. , , -

, --

, -

, .

,

, :

() (A Dicti-

onary of Slang and Unconventional English),

() --

(Dictionary of American Slang),

() --

(The American Thesaurus of Slang),

() .

,

, :

() ()

-- (A Dictionary of Forces'

Slang),

() () (Royal

Navalese),

() () .

, -

, -

:

() (The "Official" CB Slanguage

Language Dictionary),

() ()

(A Dictionary of Sailors' Slang),

() () (Air

Words).

, -

- , :

() () (Army Talk),

() -

(Wartime English).

, -

, -

- , :


- 7 -

() ("Blimey, limey!

Wha 'd he say?")

() (See Jargon: A

Dictionary of the Unwritten Language of the Sea).

, ,

,

- -

, -

(The Language of World War II).

,

.

I. ,

.

(A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional

English) 200 -

. - (Dictio-

nary of American Slang) 22 -

.

, -

.

-

- Ju-

dy (judy),

.

() (1-2 )

judy. A girl, esp. one of loose morals: from ca. 1810 : prob.

orig. c. : always more or less low ; common among C. 19 sailors.

Also, later, jude. Vaux, 1812; Runciman, The Chequers. Ex Punch

and Judy, or, like jane, direct ex the Christian name. - 2. A

simpleton, a fool : orig. (1824), U.S. : anglicised ca. 1850.

Esp. in make a judy of oneself, play the fool, act the giddy go-

at. - 3. In C. 20, gen. a woman of ridiculous appearance, but al-

so, in low s., any woman (p.446). Judy or, as Common Noun, judy.

- 4. A police-woman : Naval (lower deck) : since ca. 1930. Gran-


- 8 -

ville. - 5. A Palestine Jew : Army, both in 1914-18 and in

1939-45. Ex Arabic Yehudi, "a Jew". - 6. A duodenal ulcer: since

ca. 1930. Ex "duodenal". (Peter Sanders.) (p.1229).

judy, (. 446),

, , :

, 1810. : : -

;

19. , jude.

. . (J. H. Vaux. Glossary of Cant. 1812) 1812. ; -

"The Chequers".

Punch and Judy , jane, -

. - 2. , : ( 1824.

. 1850. make a judy

of oneself, play the fool ( ). - 3. 20 ,

- , , -

. (.

1229), Judy , -

, judy. - 4. - : ( ) :

, 1930. --

. (W. Granwille. A Dictionary of Naval

Slang. 1945) 1945. - 5. : (

, ), (1914-1918.),

(1939-45). Yehudi - "-

". - 6. : ,

1930. duodenal ( ).

( ).

() -

Judy n. 1 A girl or woman. Some W.W. I and W.W. II use. Never as

common as "jane". 2 Used absolutely by airfield control-tower

workers and pilots in radio communication with (other) pilots =

"Your plane is now close enough to be seen, I see you." - 3 Used

absolutely by airfield control-tower workers and pilots in radio

communication with (other) pilots = "Your plane now appears on,

or is locked in, my radar screen. I have located, or see, you by

radar". Both 2 and 3 common W.W. II Air Force use, and still in

use. - 4 "Exactly" ; "I understand or agree." Usu. used absolu-

tely. Some use since W.W. II. Cf. jake (p.298). jake adj. Satis-


- 9 -

factory; all right; O.K.; approved of; fixed. Often used in a

context of totality, as "Everything is jake." 1924 : all right

"She said the whole college seemed jake to her." Marks, Plastic

Age, 247. 1934; fixed "...Everything was "jake" with the poli-

ce..." J. L. Kilgallen. W.W. I British army use, quickly spread

to U.S. troops, now in common U.S. use. Prob. a folk ety. of

"chic". n. 1 A person who is all right ; one who can be trusted.

1925 : "If the mob. members do not squeal, he is a "jake". McLel-

lan, Collier's. 2 Money. Not common. Cf. Jack. 3 Jamaica ginger

extract, used as a cheap substituite for whisky. - 4 A drunk per-

son. Not common (p.284).

Judy (. 284) :

1. . -

. "jane". 2.

 蠠 -

() .

= "

.

". 2, 3 -

II

. - ( ) 4. "" ; "

". -

. .

. jake. jake : .

; ; ; ; "-

". , , ,

"Everything is jake" 1924.; "She said the whole

college seemed jake to her" ( ) .

, . 247. 1934.; "" "...Everything was "jake" with

the police..." ( . . ). -

I ,

, -

. ,

"chic" (). . 1. ,

; , . 1925. : "If the mob

members do not squeal, he is a "jake"". (

, ) () , Collier's. 2.

. . . Jack. 3. , -


- 10 -

. - ( -

). 4. . .

Judy.   ,

, , -

. -

. -

, -

, , ,

, . -

,

.

, -

() (-)

Judy. , -

, ,

.

-

- (The American Thesaurus of Slang) 90

-

, : Aviation, Sea,

Military.

. , Military

(Slang) - Army

(Slang) Navy (Slang),

. ,

- . , Army (Slang) -

, :

(a) Persons and Organizations,

(b) Places,

(c) Equipment,

(d) Military activites,

(e) Personal activites and conditions,

(f) Miscellaneous.

-

. , Military activites

, Enlistment, Military training, Duty,


- 11 -

Leave, Regulations (orders, formalities), Inspection, Delinquen-

cy, Discipline (punishment), Appointment (promotion), War, Disc-

harge. ,

.

-

. , brig (, "",

: boobyhatch, bull pen, can, coder, chink,

hole ,jug, spudhole, well (p. 826).

-

, -

,

, -, --

, . ,

, -

,

.

- -

(Slang Origins).

(A Thesaurus of Slang) -

Aviation War. .

-. -

, -

. ,

-,

- , .

, -

,

, , . -

- ,

, .

II. ,

() -

-- (A Dictionary of Forces' Slang) -

, ()


- 12 -

(1939-1945.). :

(1) : Bible puncher. A Naval Chaplain. (Lower deck.)

(p. 15);

(2) : biddy. A woman. (Army.) (p.15)

(3) : big noise. A 4,000-pounder bomb. (Air Force.)

(p.15)

. -

, -

; (Army, Navy, Air Force -

), (lower deck :

).

.

,

, ,

: -

1914-18. (Songs and Slang of the British

Soldier), . . , -

. (Sea Slang) 1929., -

- (Soldiers and Sailor Words and

Phrases) 1925., (English

War Slang) 1940., . (A Dictionary

of Naval Slang) 1945., -

- (Service Slang) 1943.

() (Royal Na-

valese)

. : Harry Tate's Navy. In

the First World War the famous Tenth Cruiser Squadron, engaged

upon Blockade work and 90 per cent manned and officered from the

Royal Naval Reserve. In the Second World War the name was once

more applied to the Armed Merchant Cruiser Force but later on was

diverted more to the Auxiliary and River Patrols. (p. 92).

-

.

() (Dictio-

nary of Service Slang) , , -

. -

, (, ),

, . ,


- 13 -

"",

: croot ... recruit, also known as a yearo,

rookie, trainee, draftee, selectee, bimbo, bozo, dude, John, dog-

face, bucko, poggie and once in a while called a soldier (p. 8)

III. ,

.

- (The "Official" CB Slangu-

age Language Dictionary) ,

.

(Cross Reference),

.

, Yes, I understand you;

OK (" "), 30 -

, : a big

ten-four, absitively and posilutely, affirmative, Charlie, Char-

lie Brown, Charlie - Charlie, definitely, five - two, for sure,

forty - roger, four, four - D, 4 - 10, four - ten roger, positi-

ve, pository, rodgie, roger, roger - D, rodger - dodger, 10 - 4,

ten roger, wilco, yo, yoo (p. 239).

() (A

Dictionary of Sailors' Slang) - -

(A Dictionary of Naval Slang) .

, , -

, , -

.

()

() ,

. :

(1) " ", ,

: Armchair pilot. A non-

flying person with ideas based entirely upon theoretical

principles. Synonyms : Hangar pilot, bunk pilot, desk

pilot, ground hog, hot air pilot (p. 6);

(2) " " :

Guys on the ground. Non - flying personnel of the Air

Forces ; mechanics. See ground Joes, wingless wonders,


- 14 -

paddlefoot, grunt, grease monkey, penguins (p. 29).

-, -,

, -

, , .

IV. ,

- .

() (Army Talk) - -

- .

:

(1) " " : Ack - Ack British for anti-air-

craft fire, taken from the signal corps phonetics for A-A.

Popular with Americans in the Pacific. Over Europe "flak" is

used more (p. 3);

(2) - " " : Field Officer. The-

re are three main classifications of officers in the army

according to their grades:

1. General officers are those of the grade of brigadier ge-

neral, major general, lieutenant general, and general.

2. Field officers are the colonels, lieutenant colonels, and

majors.

3. Company officers are captains, first lieutenants, and se-

cond lieutenants. (p. 85).

(Wartime English), , -

- , , -

. ,

, ,

-

. :

(1) - "" : Anti-Personnel.

a intended for use against men, as opposed to machines,

installations etc... A Red Army sapper disconnecting an an-

ti-personnel mine liable to explode at the slighest touch :

PHW 17.2.43 - 11.5 - 43, p. 185 (p. 18);

(2) "" : Beef n. Air Force slang term for a thing

or person which is tedious or annoying; a "blind". DFS


- 15 -

(v.). The beef is, why should every battle we fight have to

be a "Battle of Britain", with us always inferior in mem-

bers, though very... superior pilots. Daily Express,

22.5.45 (p. 32).

V. , ,

- .

("Blimey, limey!

Wha 'd he say?") , -

- . -

, -

. :

(1) "",

: Middy. "Middy was a nickname

for a midshipman, a boy serving an apprenticeship to become

an officer in the Navy or Merchant Marine (p. 52);

(2) - "",

: Caboose. Caboo-

se...was originally a ship's galley or the deck house

(p. 24).

(3) "", -

: Spree. To the sailor a

spree was liberty a shore which usually ended as a drinking

bout. To the landsman, it is a lively, noisy frolic - a pe-

riod of drunkeness (p. 74).

-, --

, , .

(Sea Jargon : A Dic-

tionary of the Unwritten Language of the Sea)

, --

. :

(1) : Jolly John N. A 19th Century term for a sai-

lor (p. 88); N = Navy;

(2) , :

Johnny Armstrong N. and M. S. Muscle power (p. 88);

M. S. = Merchant Service;


- 16 -

(3) - : Seasparrow N. A missile launcher

developed by the U. S. Navy (p. 126).

VI. , , -

, -

,

, .

- -

(The Language of World War II) - ,

, --

,

, -

, , , -

. -

,

, -

. :

(1) "" : Army "Lids" : Radio

operators, so called because they "talk through their

hats". - Newsweek. March 10, 1941, p. 39 (p. 11).

(2) "

, "SOS"",

, : Coffee Grin-

der : "Coffee grinder" is a portable radio set which sends

out SOS signals : so nicknamed because it resembles an

old-fashioned coffee mill. Recently these machines have

been installed as an added safety equipment on life boats

of vessels plying the war zones. - Times - Union. Roches-

ter. N. Y. June 24, 1943 p. 1 (p. 20).

(3) - " -

: Cincpac : Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet

(United States) (p. 19).

(4) . : "The battle of

Britain is about to begin" : By Winston Churchill. Speech

delivered before the House of Commons, June 18, 1940. - Vi-

tal Speeches. July 1, 1940, p. 562 (p. 13).

(5) " " :


- 17 -

OCD : Office of Civilian Defense. Established within the

Office of Emergency Management (OEM) by executive orders of

June 20, 1941, July 16, 1941, and April 15, 1942. Coordina-

tes state and local civilian defense projects. Responsible

for planning and executing programs for protection of civi-

lian life and property in an emergency. - United States Go-

verment Manual Summer 1943 p. 11 (p.49).

(6) : RDX : A new explosive

developed in cooperation with the British. Credited with 40

per cent more bursting power than TNT. - Newsweek, December

8, 1941 p. 43 (p. 58).

. -

,

slang.

.

-

- --

. -

, ,

. :

(1) - browned

off (), : -

, -

,

. . (J. L. Hunt and A. S. Pringle. Servi-

se Slang. - 1943),

. (A Dictionary of

Forces' Slang : 1939-45. - 1948),

" " (Ronald

Bottrall, Farewell and Hail. - 1945.)

browned off - (extremely) disgrunted; depressed; disgusted;

Regular Army since ca. 1915; adopted by the R.A.F. ca 1929.

H & P., 1943. Prob. ex cookery; see Partridge, 1945, or

Forces' Slang, ed. Partridge, 1948. Cf. brassed off and


- 18 -

chessed off, q.v., and note Ronald Bottrall, Farewell and

Hail, 1945, "Girls browned off in Roedean" (the first appe-

arance in true literature)

(2)

- ( -, --

- ). .:

() - mangle ()

() - zizzer ()

mangle. A machine-gun; Air Force : 1915-18 (p. 508);

zizzer. A bed : Services, esp. R.A.F.: since ca 1930 (p.

1527)

(3) -

-.

() - buzz-wag(g)on (-

, -

).

() - fire-spaniel (,

).

buzz-wag(g)on. A hydro-glider, "attaining a high speed

with an aeroplane engine and propeller" : naval: 1916

(p. 277)

fire-spaniel. A soldier apt to sit long by the bar-

rack-room fire; from ca. 1870; ob. by 1910 (p. 277)

,

, , , -

.

-

.

1. - dog tags

( ): the pair of metal identifi-

cation tags worn by soldiers and sailors on chains about

their necks. The tags served as an identification of dead

and wounded and provided various items of essential informa-

tion. 1952 : "If you still have your dog tags..." Letter in

N.Y. Sunday News, Oct. 5, 1913. W.W. I and W.W. II Armed

Forces use. From their resemblance to dog licenses (p. 154).

"- ",

resemblance to dog licenses,


- 19 -

(Armed Forces Use) (W.W. I and

W.W. II) .

2. --

. :

() - tin fish (, ):

tin fish. 1. A submarine W.W. I use. Not common. - 2. A

Torpedo. Common W.W. II USN use (p. 547);

() - swamp water () : swamp water. Cof-

fee. Some W.W. II Army use. Not common (p. 530)

3. -.

, - bunk lizard. ( ;

"", "", "") : bunk lizard. A chronic

sleeper; one who is able to hide away from work ; a gold brick.

W.W. I use orig. USN use (p. 76).

gold brick -

("").

.

-

. -

:

1. . . " " (E.

Waugh. Unconditional Surrender)

2. . " " (L. Uris.

Battle Cry).

-,

. , - old salt

( ) : Of course, an old salt like me didn't get

homesick (Uris, 217).

- -

. , - Roman

Candle ( - , -

) : What's this about Roman Candle: When the parachute doesn't

open and you fall plump straight (Waugh, 125),

,

. Ƞ -


- 20 -

:

1) ;

2) ;

3) ;

4) ;

5) ;

6) ;

8) .

1) .

Then he consulted Roget and under the heading Prospective Affec-

tions found : "Cowardice : pussilanimity, poltroonery, dastard-

ness, abject fear, funk, dunghill-cock, coistrel, nidget, Bob Ac-

res, Jerry Sneak". "Nidget" was a new word. He moved to the dic-

tionary and found : "Nidget : an idiot. A triangular horse shoe

used in Kent and Sussex." Not applicable. "Dunghill-cock" was go-

od, but perhaps too strong. Major Hound had been a dunghill-cock"

(Waugh, 106)

" "

"" -

. . -

-

cowardice (). -

10 .

pussilanimity, poltroonery, dastardness, abject fear, coistrel -

.

funk, dunghill-cock, nidget, Bob Acres, Jerry Sneak - -

.

Bob Acres, Jerry Sneak - , nidget - -

, , dunghill-cock

- . funk - ,

(. 161)

2) .

A third chart proved more interesting : Common Naval and Marine

Corps Expressions:

Blouse - coat

Boot - recruit


- 21 -

Chow - food

Deck - Floor

D. J. - drill instructor

Gally - kitchen

Head - toilet (Uris, 28)

. " ",

-""

. -

(chart), .

Blouse, deck, gally, ladder - - -

.

Boot (, "", ""), chow (, ""),

D. J. ( ), head (, "-

") - .

3) .

I'd better get to work on the blower. By this expression Jumbo

meant the telephone (Waugh, 49).

blower -

telephone.

4) .

I often drop in and if there isn't a pal about. I sing another

bloke's name (Waugh, 64).

bloke ()

- pal ().

5) .

He had a tremendous yen to obtain a "duck", a vehicle that ran

on both land and water... (Uris, 429).

duck (-) -

, : "a vehicle that

ran on both land and water".

6) .

"Just a tenspot is all I need, just a sawbuck." "From what I un-

derstand, ten dollars is too much." (Uris, 131).

" ". -


- 22 -

10 .

tenspot sawbuck ten dol-

lars.

.

7)

.

Then came a crap-out session. Talk about home and talk about wo-

men Scuttlebutt on the Marines...and scuttlebutt about where they

were going. (Uris, 189).

crap-out session ("", "", "") -

"talk about home and talk

about woman.", scuttlebutt -

("").

8) .

He sealed the envelope and put MMRLH (Marine mail, rush like

hell) on the back and walked to the mailbox (Uris, 43).

MMRLH Marine

mail, rush like hell (", ").

:

, :

1. -

, 18 -

.

2

.

2. - -

. . .

, , -

. . , . . , . .

, . . .

3. ,

-

. -

-

, -


- 23 -

,

- . -

"

", .

4. , -

:

) - , -

- ;

) -

, ;

)

,

;

) ;

) , -

.

5. , -

:

) ,

;

) ;

) -

;

) -

;

) , -

5,000 ;

)

, - .

6. -

: , , , -

.

7.

- .

8. ,

, , , -

.


- 24 -

9.

, , -

, -

,

.

10. -

, -

:

) - ;

) ;

) .

,

11. -

:

) ;

) ;

) ;

) ;

) ;

) ;

) ;

) .

ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÑËÎÂÀÐÅÉ:

1. Berrey L. V., Bark M. Van Den. The American Thesaurus of

Slang. 2nd Ed. - New York : Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1962.

- 1272p.

2. Colby E. Army Talk. A Familiar Dictionary of Soldier Speech.

2nd Ed. - Princeton : Princeton Univ. Press, 1943. - XIII,

-234p.

3. A Dictionary of Forces' Slang. 1939-1945. /Ed. by E. Partrid-

ge. Naval Slang. W. Granville. Army Slang. F. Roberts. Air

Force Slang. E. Partridge. - London : Secker and Warburg,

1948. - XII, 212p.

4. Dills L. The "Official" CB Slanguage Language Dictionary /

Ed. by Dot Gilberton and Joan Wheeler. Nashville : Tennessee

Publisher, 1977. - VIII, 245p.

5. Granville W. A Dictionary of Sailors' Slang. - London : Andre

Deutsch, 1962. - 136p.

6. Hamann F. G. Air Words. A Popular Aviation Dictionary of the

Language Fliers Speak. - Washington : Superior Publishing

Company, 1945. - 61p.

7. Herd S. "Blimey, limey! Wha 'd he say?" / Written and ill. by

Shirley Herd. - San Diego : Real, 1983. - 94p.

8. Irving J. Royal Navalese. - London : Erward Arnold & Co.,

1946. - 195p.

9. Kendall P. Dictionary of Service Slang. 2nd print. - New York

: M. S. Mill co. inc.,1944. - 64p.

10. Lind L. Sea jargon : A Dictionary of the unwritten language

of the sea. - Kenthurst : Kangaroo press, 1982. - 160p.

11. Partridge E. A Dictionary of Historical Slang. Harmondsworth

: Penguin Books, 1977. - 1065p.

12. Partridge E. A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional Eng-

lish. In two volumes. Vol.I : The Dictionary. - 974p.

Vol.II : The Supplement. - 975-1528p. - London and Henley.

1979. - 1528p.

13. Taylor A. M. The Language of World War II. New York, 1948. -

180p.

14. Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English

Language. - Cleveland and New York : The World Publishing

Company, 1971. - 2129p.

15. Wentworth H., Flexner B. S. Dictionary of American Slang. -

New York : Thomas Y. Crowell Publishers, 1975. - XVIII, -

766p.

16. Zandvoort R. W. and Assistants. Wartime English ; Materials

for a Linguistic History of World War II // Djakarta. J. B.

Watters, 1957. - X, 254p.

ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÕÓÄÎÆÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ:

1. Uris L. Battle Cry. - New York : Bantam Books, 1955 - 476p.

2. Waugh E. The Unconditional Surrender. - Harmonds - Penguin

Books, 1977. - 240p.

I - - -

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :