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XX

1918 . .. - . . (1919) , , .

1930. (1890-1974) . , , . , "As We May Think" (1945), .

1937 . IBM , 500 . $. Mark-1 1939 , - IBM. 750 . , 3304 800 . 1946 , , .. . , .

1947 Mark-2, - . 23 1947. Bell Telephone Laboratories , . .

1948 .. (1890-1974) .. - : - (1951 , ), - (1952 , ). , , , , .

1951 Ferranti Mark-1 LEO-1. 5 Ferranti Pegasus, . . Whirlwind-1. 323217 , 2048 16- . ( ) - : - ().

1952. -1. 1952-1953 .. ( ), 1953-1954 .. - . 1955 FORTRAN (FORmule TRANslator - ). - IBM . 1958. Texas Instruments Fairchild Semiconductor .

1959 . .. -2 10 . . /. , -20 - (20 . . /.).

1960 ALGOL (Algoritmic Language - ), . , , . . ALGOL-60.

1963 . - "-32" . , - . , . .. .. ( 1962-1964 ).

"" , . . 0, 1, - 1. "" , .

1964. -. IBM IBM 360 (System 360), . . 1967. .. .. -6. "" - , 10 . . /. 1968. "" ( ) - 2500 3500.

1968-1970 PASCAL, - , . PASCAL , , , , - .

 

XX

29 1969 . , , , , (SRI), , - (UCLA). 500 , SRI UCLA ARPANet.

1971. Intel () () - , . IBM/370 145 - , . Poketronic.

Bell Lab's "" (). , "".

1968 . 1971 . - , -1020 (20 . /), 70- "" "". , IBM . , , , . "" IBM. - .

1974 . Intel 8080 4500 .

1975. - AMDAL-470 V/6. Digital Reseach CP/M.

. (Microsoft), .

1976 . "Apple" (""), .

1980 ADA, - . . , ..

1981 . IBM IBM PC 8088.1982 . Intel 80286.

1982 86. 16- Intel 80286 134 . . , .

1982 . . , , .

1984 . Apple Computer Macintosh - Macintosh c , , , IBM- MS-DOS. , , .

Sony Philips CD-ROM- -. MIDI DNS. IBM IBM PC/AT.

1985 . Intel 32- 80386, 250 . . Microsoft Windows. "C++".

1986 , 1810, . , 80- . . " -0010" ( - ), 64 . , "-85", 4 . "-226".

80- - . . 40- , . 1989 - " " " 3-1". - , .

1989 . Intel - 80486. , 1 . Microsoft WORD. GIF.

1989 . - , World Wide Web. "": . 1990 , . - HTML (Hypertext Markup Language - ; Web-) . 1991. Microsoft Windows 3.1. JPEG. 1992. - Linux. ( ) Intel 386 , , Internet. . . , Linux, - . "Linu" "Lin" "" "ux" - UNIX, .. , 86.

 

1993. Intel 64- Pentium, 3,1 . 112 . . MPEG. 1996 . Microsoft Internet Explorer 3. 0 - Netscape Navigator. 1998 . Internet Explorer Windows 98. Microsoft , .

17 2000 . Windows 2000 ( Win2k, W2k Windows NT 5. 0) - Windows NT Microsoft, 32- ( Intel IA-32).

2000. - IBM RS/6000 SP - ASCI White (Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative White Partnership) - , 10 TFLOPS. - 12,3 TFLOPS; 3 TFLOPS.

25 2001 - Windows XP ( - Whistler; - Windows NT 5. 1) - Windows NT Microsoft. Windows 2000 Professional. XP . experience ().

24 2003 . - Windows Server 2003 ( - Whistler Server, - Windows NT 5. 2) - Windows NT Microsoft, .

30 2006 - Windows Vista ( Longhorn) - Microsoft Windows NT, , , Office 2007.

2008 . - Windows Server 2008 ( "Longhorn Server") - Microsoft. Windows Server 2003 Vista (NT 6. x).

 

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(1974-1982 .),

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1956. . IBM - - 305.

1958-1959.. .

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1960. .

1963. - "".

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1969. Intel 1 . Xerox , . "".

1971. Busicom Intel 4- Intel-4004. - 60 . IBM - 8- "-".

1972. Intel - 8- Intel-8008. Xerox Dynabook, .

1973. - Xerox . , , - , " ". Scelbi Computer Consulting Company , Intel-8008 1 . IBM IBM 3340. 16 , 30 30 . - "" (30/30" - ). , Ethernet.

1974. Intel - 8- Intel-8080. 640 . Altair , CP/M. Intel 70- - Zilog.

1975. IBM . , , The Beatles "Fool On The Hill".

1976. Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) Intel. " ". Apple. 1 Apple Computer. Apple I - 666. 66$.

1977. Commodore Apple II.

1977. Commodore Apple II. 4 , 16 , . - 1300$. Apple II - -.

1978. Intel - 16 Intel-8086, 4,77 (330 ). Hayes - .commodore .

1979. Intel-8088, . NEC . Hayes 300 , Apple.

1980. Atari . Seagate Technologies - 5. 25 .

1981. Apple III. Intel . Creative Technology () - . 5 1700$.

1982. IBM - IBM PC AT - IBM PC. IBM 16- 80286. 6 . (1,5 . ). Hercules - - Hercules Graphics Adapter (HGA).

1983.commodore (5 ). 10, 1600$. IBM IBM PC XT, 10 , 360 128 ( 768) . 5000$. Apple II. SIMM. Philips Sony CD-ROM.

1984. Apple 1200 . Hewlett-Packard LaserJet 300 dpi. Philips CD-ROM. IBM EGA (16 , - 630350 ), 14- , 256 640480 .

1985. Intel - 32 80386DX ( ). 16 , 5 . . U. S. Robotics - Courier 2400 .

1986. Amiga . . SCSI (Small Computer System Interface).

1987. Intel 80386DX 20 . . U. S. Robotics Courier HST 9600

1988.compaq 640 - DOS. Hewlett-Packard DeskJet. NexT , Motorola, (8 ), 17- 256 . - 6500$.

1989. Creative Labs Sound Blaster 1. 0, 8- . SuperVGA ( 800600 16 ).

1990. . Intel - 32- 80486SX. 27 . IBM - XGA - VGA ( 1024768 65 ).

1991. Apple . AMD "" Intel - 386DX 40 486SX 20 . - 8- Sound Blaster Pro.

1992. NEC CD-ROM (2).

1993. Intel - PCI. Intel - 32- Pentium. 60 , - 100 . . Microsoft Intel Plug&Play ( ), , .

1994. Iomega ZIP JAZ -

1. 44 . US Robotics 28800 .

1995. - DVD. AMD 486 - AMD 486DX-120. Intel Pentium Pro, . 3dfx Voodoo, . " " .

1996. USB. Intel Pentium MMX . .

1997. Pentium II, AMD K6. DVD. PCI. AGP.

1998. Apple iMac, , . Celeron - . " ": , . 3D-.

1999. Pentium III.

2000-2003 . Ƹ Intel AMD, 3200 . , , ..

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