. , , ,

,,,

A.

B.

, 1946, .

, , . The Bell System, , . AT&T, , . (- ) . , , , 10 .

, , , , . , , , . , , , , -.

, . 1900 . . 1901 , . ( , , .) . , , .

. , . , , , , 1922 : " , 1908 1909, , . , , . , , 18 , , , , - . , ..." ., .


1920 ; , . , .. , , , . , . 1921 2 MHz, A.M. . . , . , , . , , , . , 1940-, . , Bell Laboratories , 1924 , , , , , !

1934 . , . , . , , , , , . , . , , , . .

1937 -.. , . -10. 20 10 8.5 10 .

. . SEA, , . 4 , , 13 . .


17 , 1946 , , AT&T Southwestern Bell . FCC Southwestern Bell. 150 MHz 60 kHz . , , . Bell System, , AT&T.

. , . , , . , , , , . , handoff.

1946, Bell System -- M: R: .

PSTN: .

, Bell System , . , , . , , .

, " ". , . - Southwestern Bell 1010 , 250 , .. . , :

(1) , , . (2) , (3). , (4) . , "". , .


1946 Bell Laboratories Record, . , .

20- , , . , . MTS , . (. ) .

? - . , , . handoff, , .

MTS. -, , , . ( , , .) , , . , . MTS 5 kHz. , , . . , , . , . : .

, , Bell Laboratories' .. ,1947 , .. . , : , , , , , . , 1947 ", , . " SRI International, , : " 1947 Bell Labs, . H. . , . handoff, " , . " , , , , , ".

, , . , handoff, , . handoff , handoffs , , . , , , . - , handoff, . , , , , .

handoff -: , , Motorola, Inc. U.S. 2,734,131 (1956) , R.A. , Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. U.S. 3,355,556(1967)

Bell Laboratories, . , . 1976 545 - Bell Systems, 3,700 . 44,000 AT&T, 20,000 . [ . .] , 37 . FCC . 1980s ; 1978 Bell System, , 54 . 666 , AMPS .

. - . , , . . . , , . 1940- , . , 60 kHz, , 10kHz . , ? , . , , , , . 250 . .

, , . , . , .. . , , , . FCC , , , , . 1947 AT&T " ", , - . 35 44 MHz, . AT&T . , K2AES, , 3 , 1996 :

" , , . , . 'ZL (33.66 Mhz ) ZL-2-2849. YJ-3-5771 YJ (152.63 Mhz). , , , ".

1947 Bell System FCC. FCC 1949, , . , " RCC, Bell System, FCC". , , , Bell System: " RCC - . , , , 1950- 1960-. RCC , - , , -, '' (). , RCC -, ; -. RCC ; , , '' ( ) ".

, RCC 80,000 1978, . , 1948.

1 , 1948 , , . Bell System 16 . AT&T 1964, , . ( , Bell System 1978.) , RCC, 1960-.

- , . , 1951. , ( , , , .). - " Daedalus (1991) ". , " , ". " " , ISBN 0-9524031-02, Communications Week International, 1994 "MTL" 1951. , , , .

1 , 1948 Bell System , Bell System , . . , " , , , , , ". , , , 15 . 1940- 1950-, , , .


, , : " 1950-, . - - Ericsson - . , , , , . . , . , , - , , , , ... - - .. . 1960- , . , - , ".

1953 Bell System , " ". Bell System. , , 21 , , .

1956 AT&T , , . AT&T . Bell Laboratories Western Electric . Bell System . . WECO . . .

1956 Bell System 450 MHz, . AT&T 1969. 1958 . , . 1950- 1960-.

1968 FCC Bell System . 1970, AT&, System , 1971. Bell System 19262, , . E. , Bell Telephone Laboratories 21 , 1970 . 16 , 1972 3,663,762. , FCC AT& . Bell System , , .

, 1969 Bell System , . . . , , - . ( handoffs handovers , , MTS IMTS handovers; .). Metroliner, - , ", , 100 . " 450 MHz 225- . ". , ! Laboratories: ". . . . - , Bell System , ".

IEEE 8 , 1971, NTT , 1967. , , , 400Mhz 900Mhz. , , 1975-, . , 1977, " 1975 ". , .

17 , 1973, Motorola ' '. Motorola , 16 ,1975, 03906166. 1999- , , IDG, : " () Motorola 1973, - Bell System. , Motorola Bell Labs 60- 70- , ; ". , . Metroliner infra , . Metroliner , .

1975 FCC, , Bell System . AT&T " " FCC 1977. FCC , : "FCC ' '. ... , , FCC, : ; ; ; , , 25, 30, 40, 50 . , , Bell System .

, 1978 Advanced Mobile Phone Service( ) AMPS . AT&T , , , , Bell AT&T . 21,000 . 90 Bell System. , 20, 1978, . . 800 MHz . , , , , .

" 23 1979. , 1984, . ".

AMPS. 88 1979, Matsushita NEC. -, , , 1981. , , , . Bell System FCC . 1981 , Bell System , , Bell Atlantic, . - , . .

Ameritech 12 1983. AT&T, Motorola Dyna-TAC, , Cellular One 16 , 1983.

AMPS , , Telus, 1983 AURORA-400 GTE NovAtel. 420 MHZ, 86 , handoff. , " , ".

1981, Nordic Mobile Telephone System ( ) NMT450 , , , 450 MHz . 1985 TACS 900 MHz. , C-Netz , Radiocom 2000, RTMI/RTMS , . 1980- , . , , .

- . , , . , . , . , 204,000 1985 1,600,000 1988. , . ( ) .

. , . . , , . ISDN, . GSM.

GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile, , . Global System for Mobile Communications ( ), "C" . GSM 1982 26 . CEPT, 900 MHz . , GSM " ". .

1980- - . NATS Airfone 1984, GTE. APC . - (TAPC). . , , , . AT&T GTE TAPC .

1989 ETSI GSM. 1990 . GSM . DCS1800 1.8 GHz, , , . " ", GSM. 1991.

1980- . 1988 TIA-IS-41 . . IS-41 ; , . , . , , , , . , .

1990 . FCC TAPC . GTE Airfone, AT&T ( Claircom Communications), InFlight Phone Inc.. " TAPC , . FCC TAPC , , . 3000 (NATS). , TAPC - 4000 ", .

, 1990 . IS-54B AMPS, , . Narrowband AMPS NAMPS Motorola, , , 30KHz 10KHz. IS-54 , , . , , TDMA .

IS-54, . , AMPS. IS-54 , , , AMPS. ; IS-54. CANTEL IS-54 1992. IS-54 , . IS-54, IS-136, , , .

, . , , . , PCS 1900, GSM , , . , , , . 9.6 kbs, . , , , , .

, , GSM 1991. GSM , . - PCS, PCS 1900, , GSM. (AMPS) GSM PCS. : " AMPS , AMPS - - , , . , AMPS ... - , , , , AMPS . , AMPS... AMPS 800MHz , TDMA CDMA , (FDMA) NAMPS, ".

" , 1800 Mhz (1.8-2.2 GHz) PCS CDMA TDMA. AMPS ( BOA: AMPS). , , , , PS , ."

1993 , IS-54. . 1988 1993.

1994 Qualcomm, Inc. . , CDMA 10-20 AMPS. CDMA IS-95 800 Mhz , .

1990 , . FCC PCS 5 , 1994 14 , 1997. , . . FCC , .

, , . PCS , TDMA CDMA . GSM, PCS1900. , .

- 1995 , . , , , , (!) . , . , - . . - . , , . . , .

:

http://www.privatline.com

http://www.acclarke.co.uk/1900-1909.html

http://www.bell-labs.com/history/75/gallery.htmlhttp://www.bell-labs.com/history/75/gallery.html http://www.bell-labs.com/history/75/gallery.html

http://www.tekmu.se/

http://www.telemuseum.se/historia/mobtel/mobtfn_2e.html

http://www.ericsson.com/Connexion/connexion1-94/hist.html

http://park.org:8888/Japan/NTT/MUSEUM/html_ht/HT979020_e.html

Young, W.R. "Advanced Mobile Phone Service: Introduction, Background, and Objectives." Bell System Technical Journal January, 1979

Peterson, A.C., Jr. "Vehicle Radiotelephony Becomes a Bell System Practice." Bell Laboratories Record April, 1947

"Telephone Service for St. Louis Vehicles." Bell Laboratories Record July, 1946

Blecher, Franklin H. "Advanced Mobile Phone Service." IEEE Transactions on Vehicle Communications, Vol. VT-29, No. 2, May, 1980

Ferranti, Marc 'Father of cell phone eyes a revolution ' IDG News ServiceNew York Bureau October 12, 1999, 14:31

Gibson, Stephen W., Cellular Mobile Radiotelephones. Englewood Cliff: Prentice Hall, 1987: 141

Ikegami, Fumio, "Mobile Radio Communications in Japan." IEEE Transactions On Communications Vol. Com-20 No. 4, August 1972: 744

Paul, C.E. "Telephones Aboard the 'Metroliner'." Bell Laboratories Record March, 1969: 77

Ito , Sadao and Yasushi Matsuzaka. "800 MHz Band Land Mobile Telephone System -- Overall View." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Volume VT-27, No. 4, November 1978, p.205

Bullington, Kenneth "Frequency Economy in Mobile Radio Bands." Bell System Technical Journal, January 1953, Volume 32: 42 et. seq.

Douglas, V.A. "The MJ Mobile Radio Telephone System." Bell Laboratories Record December, 1964: 383

Gibson, Stephen W., Cellular Mobile Radiotelephones. Englewood Cliff: Prentice Hall, 1987. 8

A. B. , 1946, . ,

 

 

 

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