,,,
:
. -16
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2002
充2
充.3
腅4
х..6
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Ethernet8
Ethernet...9
Ethernt10
Ethernet.16
.......................................................................17
............................................18
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, (IEEE).
, 1884 ., (AIEE). 1912-, : (The Institute of Radio Engineers) . 1958 . , 1963 . , IEEE.
4 1956 . , , , . , . , , - - Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). . , ARPANET, .
ARPA , : , . , , ARPA. 1962 . ARPA (Information Processing Techniques Office, IPTO), . . IPTO , , (Joseph Carl Licklider). IPTO , . ARPANET 1969 ., IPTO (Robert Taylor).
1961 . , (Leonard Kleinrock); . , , , , - .
1963 . (IEEE) - . , .
1964 . (Paul Baran), RAND, "On Distributed Communications: IX Security, Secrecy, and Tamper-Free Considerations", , . . .
ARPA .
1967 . (Donald Davies) (British National Physics Laboratory). , .
70- 0,25 /, 200 . . , 1989 . "Security for Computer Networks".
1968 . . (W. W. Chu) "Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing" - ATM. MIL-STD-1553 - . IBM Token Ring.
1969- , IPTO, , , - ARPANET - . . , ARPANET. IPTO, . , .
, 1970-, (Norman Abramson) ALOHA - Ethernet, IEEE 802.11. , : , . - , . , .
Ethernet
1973 . , : (ARPA), ( ALOHA), (Robert Metcalfe, Ethernet), (Fouard Tobagi) ( - , ). . " ", ., . - Rockwell International, 22 Xerox Ethernet!
Ethernet, PARC (Palo Alto Research Centre) Xerox, 2,944 / . "" "" - (Michelson Morley) XIX , , "" (ether) .
, , : , - .
Ethernet
. 1946 . . , " " - , , , . "". , , - DEC PDP-8 . . , , , , . 30 . .! , , - DEC . , , . . , . , DEC , , !
( ), , ARPANET. , Xerox , , ( : " "). , , 1 , , , 1 /. , RS-232 - .
Ethernet
1977 . . (Mario Tokoro - - Sony) . (Kiichirou Tamaru) Ethernet (Acknowledging Ethernet). , , , . . . IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15.
, "" : , . 1978 . ARINC-429, . : - , , ( ) . , . : , - .
1979 . - Xerox, DEC Intel - , Ethernet. , , Ethernet. , "" , : .
4 1979 . DEC 3Com ( COMputer COMmunications COMpability - ). , Ethernet.
1979 . , - , Ethernet (J. Capetanakis, "Tree Algorithms for Packet Broadcast Channels"). DEC, Intel Xerox 30 1980 . Ethernet, .
Ethernet :
- 1981 - 3com Ethernet - .
- 1982 - .
- 1983 - IEEE 802.3, 10base5 ( Ethernet) 10base2 ( Ethernet). 10 /. - 2, 5 .
Ethernet , 0,4 50 . 500 .
.
, . . , 50 . 15- DIX- (Digital, Intel Xerox). , .
. .
. . , .
, , , . , , , .
, , (). 2- , .. 2 185 . -. - , .
. 925 .
4- . 4 .
Ethernet 500 , 100 . 50 , Ethernet , . DIX- , , .
, .. . : DIX BNC, . , BNC- , DIX- .
, , .
Ethernet RG-58A/V ( 0,2 ). 50 . . . 185 , , 30.
BNC- (Bayonel-Neill-Concelnan) - ( , һ) . (). BNC- ( -) . , .. Ethernet 50 .
: .
: ( ) .
- 1985 - IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet II), . Ethernet ( - ). , ( $ 1250).
- 1990 - IEEE 10baseT ( ) (hub). CSMA/CD . Synoptics Communications LattisNet.
Ethernet .
, . Ethernet 8- , . .
hub ( , ). . 100 . RJ-45. , . RJ-45 , .
, . , .
8, 12, 16 24. .
: .
: , .
- 1990 - "Kalpana" ( CPW16 "Cisco") , .
- 1992 - (swich). , ( ), . Ethernet ( ), .
- 1993 - IEEE 802. 3x, 10baseT, IEEE 802. 1p 8 - .
- 1995 Fast Ethernet IEEE 802. 3u (100BaseT).
Fast Ethernet IEEE 802.3U.
100 /. Fast Ethernet .
Fast Ethernet , , .
Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.3U) . () 2 1. Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) 5-4-3-2-1.
5-4-3-2-1 : 5 , 4 (), 3 , 2 (IRL), (25,6 ).
, Ethernet , . , ( Jam, ). , , , , , , . 20 , 100 /, , 20 , 10 /. 30 , 3 .
- 1999 . GEA 100 . 1000Base-T 100Base-T4
Ethernet
/ |
||
10Base2 | , | 10 |
10BaseS | , | 10 |
Fast Ethernet | , | 100 |
Gigabit Ethernet | , | 1000 |
, 蠠 , , . Ethernet, .
- Ethernet 堠 . , , .
1. . . . : .: +, .: , .: , 1999. 624 .
2. .. .. . - .: , 1999. 464 .
3. . , . .
4. .. , --. ., , 1989
5. www.chitforum.ru
6. docs.gets.ru
7. faqs.org.ru
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