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4 1957 , . DARPA (Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency). 1962 . Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) 1971 , ARPA 1993 , , DARPA 1996 . DARPA. DARPA - (Ivan Sutherland) (Bob Taylor), MIT .

MIT 1961 , - 1964 . ( ), . . (Thomas Merrill) 1965 TX-2, , Q-32, . . , ( ) . , , . , . .

1966 DARPA . ARPANET, 1967 . , , . (Donald Davies) (Roger Scantlebury) (NPL). , NPL, (Paul Baran) RAND ( , ). 1964 RAND . , MIT (1961 - 1967), RAND (1962 - 1965) NPL (1964 - 1967) . NPL "" ARPANET 2,4 / 50 /. RAND , ARPANET - , . ARPANET . RAND , , . - , .

1968 , , DARPA, ARPANET, DARPA (Request For Quotation, RFQ), - , (Interface Message Processor, IMP). 1968 (Frank Heart) Bolt-Beranek-Newman (BBN).

. BBN , ARPANET, (Howard Frank) Network Analysis Corporation , - (UCLA) . , (Steve Crocker) (John Postel). (David Crocker), , (Robert Braden), NCP TCP IBM ICCB (Internet Configuration Control Board - ) IAB (Internet Architecture [ - Activities] Board, ).

, , , UCLA ARPANET. , 1969 , BBN . (Doug Engelbart) " " (SRI). ( , NLS.)

SRI , (Elizabeth [Jake] Feinler). , (Request For Comments, RFC). , SRI ARPANET, . ARPANET - (UCSB) . . (Glen Guller) (Burton Fried) UCSB , . .

, 1969 ARPANET - . , , , . .

, ARPANET, . . 1970 (Network Working Group, NWG) . , (Network Control Protocol, NCP). , 1971 - 1972 NCP ARPANET, .

1972 , ARPANET (International Computer Communication Conference, ICCC). . 1972 "" - . (Ray Tomlinson) BBN, ARPANET , .

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1972, Telnet, Ad hoc Telnet Protocol, RFC 318

1973, RFC 454, File Transfer Protocol

1974, Transmission Control Program (TCP)

1981, RFC 791, IP

1982, (Defense Communications Agency, DCA) ARPA Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP) TCP/IP

1983, ARPANet NCT TCP/IP

1984, Domain Name System (DNS)

TCP/IP

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, , . , , . (, ) . (Paul Mockapetris) (USC/ISI) (Domain Name System, DNS). DNS ( www.acm.org) -.

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, , , . DARPA () Unix, TCP/IP, BBN. , BBN, Unix- , TCP/IP Unix BSD . , Unix BSD . , , , , .

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TCP/IP , 1980 . , , -. 1983 ARPANET , . ARPANET NCP TCP/IP MILNET, , ARPANET, .

, 1985 . . , . .

2 1988 , - . 6200 , 7,3 % .

. , , - , 98 253 260 , .

- . , ARPANet, DARPA, , , . 1970- , , - , . MFENet , HEPNet. NASA SPAN, (Rick Adrion), (David Farber) (Larry Landweber), (NSF) , CSNet, . AT&T, , UNIX USENet - , , , - UNIX UUCP. 1981 (Ira Fuchs) (Greydon Freeman) BITNet - , .

BITNet USENet, ( ARPANet) . ; , . ; , . , , XNS Xerox, DECNet, SNA IBM. , , - - "!%@:: A Directory of Electronic Mail Addressing and Networks", (Frey) (Adams). . JANet (, 1984) NSFNet (, 1985) , . , NSF , , NSFNet, " ".

1985 , NSFNet, (Dennis Jennings). NSFNet TCP/IP. , NSFNet 1986 , . , , . (. ).

NSF DARPA , (Internet Activities Board, IAB). " -" (RFC 985), IAB (Internet Engineering and Architecture Task Forces) NSF. , DARPA NSF.

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(Federal Networking Council, FNC). - (Federal Research Internet Coordinating Committee, FRICC). , FRICC , CCIRN.FNC , RARE , (Coordinating Committee on Intercontinental Research Networking, CCIRN). .

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1995 NSF, NSFNet Backbone. ( ) "" , .

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. 1980- , , . . , , 1991 (Internet Society) , CNRI, (Corporation for National Research Initiatives, CNRI), .

1992 - (Internet Activities Board) (Internet Architecture Board), . IAB IESG , IETF IESG . IAB, IETF , IETF.

, . , W3- (World Wide Web Consortium, W3C). WWW - (Tim Berners-Lee) (Al Vezza). WWW NSFNET USENET, Internet ( ). , MIT, , Web. 1992 1 000 000. NCSA WWW, Mosaic. NCSA . , , WWW, .

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, , , -. 1980- , , TCP/IP . , , - , . TCP/IP : SNA, DECNet, NetWare, NetBios. TCP/IP, , TCP/IP-.

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, , , TCP/IP-. , , . 1988 Interop. 50 . 5 - . , , . . ? , . Interop . . 250 , , .

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