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, 1946 ENIAC. . 18 , 100 2, 30 150 . 5 350 . , , , ENIAC, , , 1943 , ENIAC , .

1947 Mark II. 50 . ( . bug , , ) , . Mark II , . , : Bug! .

(Maurice Wilkes) () 1949 EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer), . EDSAC (19461949), . (J. Eckert) . (J. Mauchly), ENIAC. 500 . , . 6 1949 . EDSAC , (David Wheeler).

1964 (7 ) IBM System/360, IBM - (Tomas Watson) . , 60- : , , . System/360 c - . , , , . IBM , . , . , IBM . , : -.

IBM System/360 System/360, , 1966 . IBM ( 20 000 ). System/360 , , .

Hewlett-Packard 1980 (4 ) HP-85 ( ). HP-85 8- 0,6 , 16 32 , 5- , , , . 3250 .

, HP-85 IBM 5100, 1975 .

, 48 . . 195 . . , , , , , , .


3 80- .

40- 50- . , .

1981 (12 ) , - . IBM IBM Personal Computer.

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IBM PC (IBM 5150, Acorn ) - . 16- Intel 8088 4,77 ( Intel 8087). 1664 ( Microsoft Basic-80) 640 . C 11,5- TTL- ( MDA 80x25 ) 83- . : , , , . PC-DOS 1.0 Microsoft. Microsoft Basic, VisiCalc, UCSD Pascal, CP/M-86 Easywriter 1.0.

136 . IBM PC . IBM PC, 1990- . IBM PC , (, , ) . , 20 . , IBM 241 683 . , , .

IBM, IBM PC , PC , IBM. , . .

IBM PC /, .

, IBM . 1970- . . , , (, Apple, Commodore, Tandy Radio Shack, Atari) . , .

( 1980 . 1981 .) - (Boca Raton), IBM Entry Systems Division. , Project Chess, IBM PC.

(William Lowe), (Don Estridge), (Lewis Eggebrecht). System/23 DataMaster, IBM PC. , , DataMaster. , IBM PC , DataMaster, , . , , .

DataMaster Intel 8085, 64 8- . - IBM PC 8088, 1 , 16- , 8-. 8- , DataMaster.

IBM , . , , , IBM PC. , , . , Entry Systems Division , : , IBM. , : , .

Intel Microsoft. IBM .

, IBM , .

, IBM PC. , IBM, . , , IBM .

IBM . , IBM , , . Intel , a Microsoft . - , , Wintel.

, , , , IBM PC. , IBM, IBM, . , , , . , IBM, - , . , Apple- DEC- , - .

1982 Commodore Business Machines Commodore 64, 64, 80- . . Commodore 64 : MOS Technology 6510, 64 , 20 Microsoft, (VIC-II SID ). C64 , , . , , .

(Tom Halfhill), Byte 1984 .: , , Commodore 64

1983 Atari, Inc. Atari 1200XL, 64 . , , , Atari 400 Atari 800 . Atari 600XL Atari 800XL. , Atari 1200XL. Atari 1200XL 900 .

1983. IBM IBM PCjr (jr . junior ), Peanut (, ). 1984 . : 4860004 64 669 . 4860067 128 5,25- 360 . 1985 . IBM PCjr. PCjr : Intel 8088 4,77 , 64 ( 256 ), CGA-, , , (, , , , , , , ), ( ) , (, ), , OC IBM PCDOS 2.0.

PCjr IBM . Spinnaker Software (William Bowman): PCjr , . ! IBM ,

PCjr IBM . : PCjr . , - IBM PC. PCjr , . PCjr : Commodore 64, 8- Atari. , , PCjr, u1082 Coleco Adam , . ( Apple II) , PCjr. , , PC , . PCjr IBM, .

1984 (22 ). . ( Lisa Macintosh.) (Steve Jobs) Lisa 2. : Motorola 6800 7,83 , 128 , 9- , 512x342 /, 3,5- Sony 400 , , . 9 .

Lisa 2 : Lisa 2/5 ( 5 ) Lisa 2/10 ( 10 ). . Apple , Lisa Mac, Macintosh XL. Lisa 2 Macintosh XL .

Apple Macintosh Classic Macintosh 512K 1984 10 . , Lisa, Macintosh 128. 512 128 - 9- .

1986 IBM IBM PC XT 286. Intel 80286 6 , 640 , 1,2 , 20 , , CGA-. 4 . . IBM PC XT 286 , PC XT PC AT.

1987 (2 ) IBM IBM PS/2. 30, 50, 60 80. . : 25, 50Z, 55, 70 ( PS/2) 70. PS/2 , , . PS/2 IBM PC VGA-, , 3,5- , . IBM PS/2 80286 80386. , IBM PC, MS-DOS, PS/2. PS/2 32- (Micro Channel Architecture), IBM . 10 MCA , , , . , .

1990. Apple Macintosh Classic. , Apple : , . , Apple IBM PC, . , 8 Motorola 68000, 1 , - 9- , 1,4 , -. , Apple .

2000 (29 ). IBM ASCI White (Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative White Partnership ) - RS/6000 SP , 10 : 12,3 .

ASCI White , .

ASCI White 8192 . 160 , 8 , 16- SMP-, 50 . . IBM T220 22,2 200 ( 9 . ). AIX UNIX IBM.

512 , . IBM 28 .


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1.         .. .// . 2004. - 4

2.         .. . .: , 1990

3.         .. . .: , 1971

4.         ... .// . 2005. - 1

5.         . 7-11 " ". - .: ABF, 1996

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