. , , ,

,,,

, ,

.

: .

2- 82201

. .

:

. . ., . .


2001.

. TOC ";1;;2"

.............................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602157 h

.................................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602158 h

1: .................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602159 h

1. .................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602160 h

2. ........................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602161 h

3. ......................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602162 h

4. ............................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602163 h

2: ................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602164 h

1. : ........................... PAGEREF _Toc533602165 h

2. , ........................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602166 h

3. (marginal costs)...................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602167 h

4. ................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602168 h

5. ........................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602169 h

6. ............................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602170 h

7. ..................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602171 h

8. U- ................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602172 h

9. ......................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602173 h

3: ................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602174 h

1. .............................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602175 h

2. ................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602176 h

4: ................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602177 h

1. 2000 ..................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602178 h

2. ............................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602179 h

............................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602180 h

............................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602181 h

.

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1.    

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1.          

2.          

3.          

4.          

5.          

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.

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.

. , . , .

. , . . - . , ( , ) . . , : .

, () .

2.    

, (, , ..), () . .

. , , . () .

, , -: , 腔[1], .

( ), . . .

3.    

( ).

.

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.

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, . ᠠ -

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.

, , . , , . ( ) , , . (, , , ) , ? ? , .

. . , , - .

4.    

. , . , $1000 , . , , $1000 . , ( ), , . , , . $120000. , , $120000, .

$1000, , 1.

2: .

1.                     

, . , , : . . . - ( , , ). . , , . . , , , . , , , , 10 , , 1. , , .

, . . , , , , . , . , [2].

2.    

, , , . , , , . . , , .

(fixed costs).

, .

2 - SEQ _2_- * ARABIC 1 : .

q

(.)

(.)

(.)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

0

55

0

55

1

55

35

85

2

55

55

110

3

55

75

130

4

55

105

160

5

55

155

210

6

55

225

280

, , , . , , , , , , . 2-1 2.

(variable costs).

, . , , , , .

3 2-1 , . , , . - , . .

(total costs).

. 2-1 . , , - , .

. , , . , , , . 1.

3.     marginal costs).

. () , . , 1000 -, $10000. 1001 $10006, 1001 $6.

. , , (), . ࠠ -

. , , , , , . .

2 - SEQ _2_- * ARABIC 2

$30 ($85-$55). $25 . .

, , VC (3) 2-1 VC, , , , , VC, , , .

2 1:


2-1 . , , .

, ( , ) U- , 2-1. , .

4.    

" ", " " . , , . (. (6) . 2.3).

2 - SEQ _2_- * ARABIC 3


= EQ F( ; ) = EQ F(;q) = AC

2 2: .

(6) 1 , 85 ./1 = 85 . q= 2, AC= TC/2 =110 ./2 = 55 . , . 40 . q= 4, .


. 2 - 2 . 2.3. . 2 - 2 (. ) , . . 2 - 2 (. ), , . , , , . . U- , . , , . 2 - 3 .

.

, , . (AFC) FC/q. , (. (7) . 2.3). , , , , . , , , , , . , . , AFC ; , AFC . AFC, .2.2 (. ), , . , F . q, AFC , FC q. (A VC) , AVC = VC/q. .2.3 .2.2 (. ), AVC , .

5.    

2 3:

, 3999 4000. , . b . b d . MC=(d-b) /(b-), .

, . , b b. , q , , , .. bd/b , b a.

6.    

, . , , . 2.2 (. ). . , . Ѡ , . , , . U- , , , , . , .

:

, . , . , . , U- , == . . , , , , . ? , , . , , Ѡ ( ) , , , . , , , , . , ( ) . , , . , ( Ѡ ) , , .

7.    

? , , , . , , .

. , : , . , . , . ( ) , . . , , . 2.1-2.3.

2 - 4: .


, . 2.4. , 10 . $5.5 , $5. , , . 2.4. ( 10 ), ( , , ).

, , (. (6) . 2.4). 3 . 10 15 . 3 (10 ($5.5 )+15 ($5/.)) = $130. (6) . 2.4.

, . 2.1-2.3, (, FC, VC, AC, AFC AVC) .

8.    

, U- .

2 - 4: U- .

U- (. ) (. ). (. ), .

. (. ), , ; ; , , D, . , , U- .


U- ? , , . , .. , . , . , , . . 2.4, . 2.4. , , , .

.

, , , , . , , , .

9.    

, . , ? ? ?

, . , , , . , , . . , - , 9 . (E) $2 , (L) $5/. : E=10, L=4. E=4 L=5. ? ($2*10)+($5*2)=$30, ($2*4)+($5*5)=$33. , . , . , , . : . . , . , , , (.. , , , .., ).

, , , , , . .

. , , , , .

EQ F( L; L) = EQ EQ EQ F( ; ) =

? , $800, - $8. , , ( ) . , , $100, , , $800, $100, , $8 $100. , , . : $800, $1200, , $8, $12. , , , , , .

. , $1 ( , , $1, 1/5 , , $1, 1/2 ). , "" . .

. , , .

, . 堠 L/L, / . L , , , L/L. , , , .

3: .

, . ; . ; , , . , , , .

1.    

  , , . - , .., , .. . , , . , ( , ) . . :

1.                    

2.                    

3.                    

.

. () . . , Q L . +LÞQ.

, .. , . b .

+LÞbQ.

1. b> ( b/>1), . , 蠠 .

2. b= (b/= 1), , . , .

3. b < (b/ < 1), , . , .

3 1: .

. 3 - 1 . 100 200 .

, - , . . , .

2.    

. , .

L. ? , . 100 . 1, (.3 - 2). (, .) . , . 2 1 . , , , . , . ( . 3 - 2). . , 120 , , 1, .. . . 280 , 3. , . 280 , 頠 , .. , 3. . -

3 3: .


3 2: .


( . 3 2).

, LATC .

, , , , . LATC ATCn (. 3 3).

4: .

1.     2000 .

2000. 28,33 ./-, 138, 93 ./. 1999 21,12 ./- 114,41 ./, .

2000 23,8 . . 1999 5,3 . ., 28,8% .

2000 .

, , , 2000 20,2%. , .

. 354,5 ./.3 424 ./.3 . , 1287,5 ./ 2375 ./ . 2000 348,33 ./ ( 1999 - 268,43 ./). - . .

, 2000 0,41 . .

2000 40,9% 39,9% 1999 17,4% 19,3% 1999 .

9,7 . ., 8,2 . ., , , 90,1%, - .

2000 4,2 . 1999 0,6 . , 16,7%, . , . , , .

2.     .

, . .

, .

, .

. , . , , , .

, , , .

, , , , , .


, :

, - , , . .

.

. , . . , , , , , . , .

, . , .

, , , , . , , , , , . . , , , , , . , , . , . , , .

. , . , , , . , , .

.

1.                     . . : : : / . . . . Ը. .: , 1997. 767 .

2.                     . . / . ., . ., . . 2- ./ . . . 1. .: , - 1994. 349 .

3.                     . . / . ., . / . . . .; . . . . ., - 1994. 448 .

4.                     . . : , 1998. 416 .

5.                     . . : , , / . ., . . 2- ./ . 11- . . 2. .: , - 1992. - 400.

6.                     / . . . .: , 1998. 358 .

7.                     : / . . . . . .: , 1999. 544 .

8.                     . . . : , 1999. 784 .

9.                     . . . .: -, 1999. 572 .

10.                 . . / . ., . ./ . . 16- . .: , 2000. 688 .

11.                 www.mosenergo.ru

EQ EQ



1 . : . . / . ., . ., . . 2- ./ . . . 1. .: , - 1994, . 314.

[1] . : : / . . . . . .: , 1999, - . . 200, 201.

1 .: . . / . ., . / . . . .; . . . . ., - 1994, .137.

1 . : . . : , 1998, . 218.

[2] .: , . 219.

1 .: . . : , , / . ., . . 2- ./ . 11- . . 2. .: , - 1992, . 51.

. :

 

 

 

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