,,,
.
: .
|
2001.
. TOC ";1;;2"
.............................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602157 h
.................................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602158 h
1: .................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602159 h
1. .................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602160 h
2. ........................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602161 h
3. ......................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602162 h
4. ............................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602163 h
2: ................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602164 h
1. : ........................... PAGEREF _Toc533602165 h
2. , ........................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602166 h
3. (marginal costs)...................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602167 h
4. ................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602168 h
5. ........................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602169 h
6. ............................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602170 h
7. ..................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602171 h
8. U- ................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602172 h
9. ......................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602173 h
3: ................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602174 h
1. .............................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602175 h
2. ................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602176 h
4: ................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602177 h
1. 2000 ..................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc533602178 h
2. ............................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc533602179 h
............................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602180 h
............................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc533602181 h
.
, , . . , , ; , .
, , . . , , . , -. , , , , .
, . , .
, , , .
.
, . , , . ., . . . . : , , , , . cost 1. ,
.
1: .
1.
, , , . , . . , .
, , :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
, : , ? , .
.
. , . , . .
, .
, : , , , .
.
. , . , .
. , . . - . , ( , ) . . , : .
, () .
2.
, (, , ..), () . .
. , , . () .
, , -: , 腔[1], .
( ), . . .
3.
( ).
.
. , . , -, . , . , ., , , . ( ), , 1 . .
.
, , , .
, ( ), . : , ?
, . ᠠ -
. , . , . ( ) .
.
. , . . . , , , .
: .
.
. . , . , : ? , , .
.
, . , , , , , . , . :
|
() |
() |
|
.
, , . , , . ( ) , , . (, , , ) , ? ? , .
. . , , - .
4.
. , . , $1000 , . , , $1000 . , ( ), , . , , . $120000. , , $120000, .
$1000, , 1.
2: .
1.
, . , , : . . . - ( , , ). . , , . . , , , . , , , , 10 , , 1. , , .
, . . , , , , . , . , [2].
2.
, , , . , , , . . , , .
(fixed costs).
, .
2 - SEQ _2_- * ARABIC 1 : .
q |
(.) |
(.) |
(.) |
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
0 |
55 |
0 |
55 |
1 |
55 |
35 |
85 |
2 |
55 |
55 |
110 |
3 |
55 |
75 |
130 |
4 |
55 |
105 |
160 |
5 |
55 |
155 |
210 |
6 |
55 |
225 |
280 |
, , , . , , , , , , . 2-1 2.
(variable costs).
, . , , , , .
3 2-1 , . , , . - , . .
(total costs).
. 2-1 . , , - , .
. , , . , , , . 1.
3. marginal costs).
. () , . , 1000 -, $10000. 1001 $10006, 1001 $6.
. , , (), . ࠠ -
. , , , , , . .
2 - SEQ _2_- * ARABIC 2 |
, , VC (3) 2-1 VC, , , , , VC, , , .
2 1: |
, ( , ) U- , 2-1. , .
4.
" ", " " . , , . (. (6) . 2.3).
2 - SEQ _2_- * ARABIC 3 |
2 2: . |
. 2 - 2 . 2.3. . 2 - 2 (. ) , . . 2 - 2 (. ), , . , , , . . U- , . , , . 2 - 3 .
.
, , . (AFC) FC/q. , (. (7) . 2.3). , , , , . , , , , , . , . , AFC ; , AFC . AFC, .2.2 (. ), , . , F . q, AFC , FC q. (A VC) , AVC = VC/q. .2.3 .2.2 (. ), AVC , .
5.
2 3: |
, . , b b. , q , , , .. bd/b , b a.
6.
, . , , . 2.2 (. ). . , . Ѡ , . , , . U- , , , , . , .
:
, . , . , . , U- , == . . , , , , . ? , , . , , Ѡ ( ) , , , . , , , , . , ( ) . , , . , ( Ѡ ) , , .
7.
? , , , . , , .
. , : , . , . , . ( ) , . . , , . 2.1-2.3.
2 - 4: . |
, , (. (6) . 2.4). 3 . 10 15 . 3 (10 ($5.5 )+15 ($5/.)) = $130. (6) . 2.4.
, . 2.1-2.3, (, FC, VC, AC, AFC AVC) .
8.
, U- .
2 - 4: U- . |
U- (. ) (. ). (. ), . . (. ), , ; ; , , D, . , , U- . |
.
, , , , . , , , .
9.
, . , ? ? ?
, . , , , . , , . . , - , 9 . (E) $2 , (L) $5/. : E=10, L=4. E=4 L=5. ? ($2*10)+($5*2)=$30, ($2*4)+($5*5)=$33. , . , . , , . : . . , . , , , (.. , , , .., ).
, , , , , . .
. , , , , .
EQ F( L; L) = EQ EQ EQ F( ; ) =
? , $800, - $8. , , ( ) . , , $100, , , $800, $100, , $8 $100. , , . : $800, $1200, , $8, $12. , , , , , .
. , $1 ( , , $1, 1/5 , , $1, 1/2 ). , "" . .
. , , .
, . 堠 L/L, / . L , , , L/L. , , , .
3: .
, . ; . ; , , . , , , .
1.
, , . - , .., , .. . , , . , ( , ) . . :
1.
2.
3.
.
. () . . , Q L . +LÞQ.
, .. , . b .
+LÞbQ.
1. b> ( b/>1), . , 蠠 .
2. b= (b/= 1), , . , .
3. b < (b/ < 1), , . , .
3 1: . |
. 3 - 1 . 100 200 .
, - , . . , .
2.
. , .
L. ? , . 100 . 1, (.3 - 2). (, .) . , . 2 1 . , , , . , . ( . 3 - 2). . , 120 , , 1, .. . . 280 , 3. , . 280 , 頠 , .. , 3. . -
3 3: . |
3 2: . |
( . 3 2).
, LATC .
, , , , . LATC ATCn (. 3 3).
4: .
1. 2000 .
2000. 28,33 ./-, 138, 93 ./. 1999 21,12 ./- 114,41 ./, .
2000 23,8 . . 1999 5,3 . ., 28,8% .
2000 .
, , , 2000 20,2%. , .
. 354,5 ./.3 424 ./.3 . , 1287,5 ./ 2375 ./ . 2000 348,33 ./ ( 1999 - 268,43 ./). - . .
, 2000 0,41 . .
2000 40,9% 39,9% 1999 17,4% 19,3% 1999 .
9,7 . ., 8,2 . ., , , 90,1%, - .
2000 4,2 . 1999 0,6 . , 16,7%, . , . , , .
2. .
, . .
, .
, .
. , . , , , .
, , , .
, , , , , .
,
:
, - , , . .
.
. , . . , , , , , . , .
, . , .
, , , , . , , , , , . . , , , , , . , , . , . , , .
. , . , , , . , , .
.
1. . . : : : / . . . . Ը. .: , 1997. 767 .
2. . . / . ., . ., . . 2- ./ . . . 1. .: , - 1994. 349 .
3. . . / . ., . / . . . .; . . . . ., - 1994. 448 .
4. . . : , 1998. 416 .
5. . . : , , / . ., . . 2- ./ . 11- . . 2. .: , - 1992. - 400.
6. / . . . .: , 1998. 358 .
7. : / . . . . . .: , 1999. 544 .
8. . . . : , 1999. 784 .
9. . . . .: -, 1999. 572 .
10. . . / . ., . ./ . . 16- . .: , 2000. 688 .
11. www.mosenergo.ru
EQ EQ
1 . : . . / . ., . ., . . 2- ./ . . . 1. .: , - 1994, . 314.
[1] . : : / . . . . . .: , 1999, - . . 200, 201.
1 .: . . / . ., . / . . . .; . . . . ., - 1994, .137.
1 . : . . : , 1998, . 218.
[2] .: , . 219.
1 .: . . : , , / . ., . . 2- ./ . 11- . . 2. .: , - 1992, . 51.
. :
Copyright (c) 2025 Stud-Baza.ru , , , .