,,,
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, 2008
(. 1, ) , , , . . , , .. .
, .
, Q. .
, .. , , . , .. . . , .
. , . , , , . () .
. , , () . , . , . , () , , . , ; , .
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(. 2, ) . .
(. 2, ) . . , .
(. 2, ) , . , , ( ), . , , . .
, , , . . , .
: ( ) (). , , .
, , , .
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, (F, Me) (a, b, ℓ) . 1, . RB, RAX RAY. . ( x y , .. z) :
. (1)
(1) RAX = 0; : RB F RAY = 0 : RBℓ F·a Me = 0. , RB = (F·a + Me)/ℓ. , RB , , RAY = F RB = F (F·a + Me)/ℓ.
.
Q . .
, .. τ = f (Q). , . (. 3, ), , , , , ; (. 3, ) .
, . , .. σ = f (). , . , (. 3, ) , (. 3, ), . , , . , . . 1, : , 1-1 2-2 , .. 1-1 > 0 2-2 > 0.
Q , , .
(. 5.24, ) , , . Q , .. QB = F = RBY, B = F·ℓ= MRB.
Q , .. . , . Q = Q (x) = () , .. .
, . Q , . . Q = Q (x) = (), . Q , . : τ (. 5.23, ). z
, z . . , Iz = bh3/12;
.
(. 5.23, ) : τy = h/2 = τy = h/2 = 0; τy = 0 = 1,5 (Q/A).
. 1,5 , .
. τmax = (4/3)(Q/A), τmax = 2(Q/A).
τmax ≤ τadm, τadm . , , .
(. 4, ) , , θ . = y(x) θ = θ(x). .
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. 4
, θ . θ tg θ = dy/dx. , , (tgθ ≈ θ) θ ≈ ≈ dy/dx.
K , x0y:
. (2)
(dy/dx)2 = tg2θ = θ2 << 1, (2) ,
. (3)
(5.67), EIz:
K = 1/ρ = /(EIz). (4)
(3) (4), :
, (5)
. .
(. 4, , , , ) .
, .. y'' = d2y/dx2 > 0, (. 4, , ) (. 4, , ).
, (5) , .. y'' > 0 > 0, y'' < 0 < 0. 5)
d2y/dx2 = / (EIz). (6)
, , . ,
θ = dy/dx = . (7)
(5.80) ,
, (8)
D , , .
, , , , . , , .
.
( 4, ) ℓ, F. EI.
. , .
, , = F (ℓ x). EI(d2y/dx2) = F(ℓ x). , EI(dy/dx) = = F × [ℓx (x2/2)] + . ,
EIy = F [(ℓx2/2) (x3/6)] + Cx + D.
, =0 θ = dy/dx , , =0 D = 0. = ℓ, y = (Fℓ3)/(3EI) θ = dy/dx = (Fℓ2)/(2EI).
, , , .. , .
1. .., .., .. : . .: . ., 2001. 480 .
2. .. : . .: , 2004. 292
3. .. : . .: . ., 1999. 415 .
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