. , , ,

,,,

,

 

1.  

2.  

3.  

4.  

5.  

6.  

7.  

8.  

9.   -

10.     

1

2

3


1.

. -5.

-5 .

. 15 ( 5000 /). : - - -.

, , .

2.

N=mM (1+γδ/100) = 3×12000(1+6×3/100)=57600,

: m ;

=12000 ;

γ 510 ;

δ 26 , , .

N=57600 , , . , , , . , .. , .

3.

. , , , .

:

;

;

;

- , , ;

(, ) , ;

.

.

4.

- . : , , , .

, , :

, , , , , ;

: ;

, , ;

, ( , , - ..);

, .

, , , . .. , .

. : ,

:

, [.2, .23]

Q1 ;

Q2 .

.. m=0,73, , .

5.

(, ...) . , , ..

, .

. :

- ;

- ;

- , .

1. Æ145 Æ185 .

2. Æ185, Æ110, Æ91 Æ77 Æ145, , Æ145, Æ120, Æ119, Æ135 Æ175 Æ185, .

3. , , Æ185, .

4. Æ145 Æ185 .

5. Æ185 .

6.

.

001 :

005 ():

102 .

Æ185 18.

Æ93 , Æ185 18 18 .

Æ76 33.

010 ():

100.

Æ185 69.

Æ147 69.

Æ119,5 67.

015 ():

Æ185 20.

Æ91 18 .

Æ77 33.

1×450 Æ91 Æ185.

020 ():

Æ175 5 Æ145.

Æ144 19.

025 ():

Æ145 69 .

Æ119,75 67.

030 :

Æ121.

035 ( ):

Æ120 67.

040 :

6 . Æ145.

045 ():

6 . Æ145.

050 :

6 . Æ12.

055 .

060 .

7.

: .

- , , , , .

- .

Æ 120+0,035.

.

.

.

()

δ ()

Rz

ρ e

:

240 250 46 - 1400

50 50 1 200 540
25 25 - 15 220
5 15 - 5 35

Rz [ .2, .66 (.)]

Җ [.2, .66 (.)]

ρ - . [ .1, .186 (.16), .2, .61]

e - [.2 .30(.12-14), .134]

ρ = Δ ּℓ = 0,75 ּ61= 46 , [. 1, .177]

D ( 1 );

ℓ - ρ= ρ×,

:

=0,06

=0,04

=0,04

:

:

1. 2Z3min = ּ(RZ2 + h22232) = 2ּ(25 + 25 + 5) = 110

2Z3min = 110

2Z3max = 2Z3min + δ2 δ3 = 110 + 220 35 = 295 [. 2, .64]

2Z3max = 300

:

2. 2Z2min = 2ּ(RZ1 + h1 + ) = 2ּ(50 +50 + ) = 230

2Z3min=230

2Z2max = 2Z2min + δ1 - δ2 = 230 + 540 220 = 550

:

2Z1min = 2ּ(RZ0 + h0 + ) = 2ּ(240 + 250 + ) = 1390

2Z1min = 1390

2Z1max = 2Z1min + δ0 δ1 =1390 + 1400 540 = 2250 .

:

:

d3min = 120 ()

d3max = 120,035 ()

:

d2min = d3min - 2Z3min = 120 - 0,11 = 119,89 () [. 2, .64]

d2max = d3max - 2Z3max = 120,035- 0,295 = 119,74 () [. 2, .64]

:

d1min = d2min -2Z2min = 119,89 - 0,23 = 119,66 ()

d1max = d2max - 2Z2max =119,74 - 0,55 = 119,19 ()

:

d0min = 119,66 - 1,39 = 118,27 ()

d0max = 119,19- 2,25 = 116,94 ().

2Zmin ()

() ()

2Zmin

2Zmax

dmin

dmax

: - - 118,27 116,94

1390 2250 119,66 119,19
230 550 119,89 119,74
110 295 120 120,035

.

8.

, . .

: ; , , .

, , :

t;

s;

v;

Pz ;

, N;

.

t , .

s , , . .

v .

Pz, y x . , , z .

005 ():

156.

(Ø95): t = 2

s = 0,6 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,60,45

tx = 20,15

Tm = 600,2 - .

Kv . [.3, .282]

v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19

kμv = k= 1ּ

knv = 1, kuv = 1

/=3,38 /

/

n=630 /,

/=3,2 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97

kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1

= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,60,75ּ194- 0,15ּ0,97= 1328 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

156.

(Ø185): t = 2

s = 0,8 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,80,45

tx = 20,15

Tm = 600,2 - .

Kv . [.3, .282]

v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19

kμv = k= 1ּ

knv = 1, kuv = 1

/=3,38 /

/

n=315 /,

/=3,05 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97

kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1

= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,80,75ּ183- 0,15ּ0,97= 1340 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

, 156

(Ø93): t =1

s = 0,6 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,60,45

tx = 10,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=3,37 /

/

n=630 /,

/=3,07 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ11ּ0,60,75ּ184- 0,15ּ0,97= 907,5 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

, 156

(Ø77): t =1

s = 0,2 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,20,45

tx = 50,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=3,75 /

/

n=930 /,

/=3,75 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ11ּ0,20,75ּ225- 0,15ּ0,97= 880 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

010 ():

156.

(Ø150): t = 2

s = 0,8 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,80,45

tx = 20,15

Tm = 600,2 - .

Kv . [.3, .282]

v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19

kμv = k= 1ּ

knv = 1, kuv = 1

/=3,38 /

/

n=400 /,

/=3,14 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97

kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1

= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,80,75ּ188,4- 0,15ּ0,97= 1334 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

156.

(Ø95): t = 2

s = 0,6 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,60,45

tx = 20,15

Tm = 600,2 - .

Kv . [.3, .282]

v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19

kμv = k= 1ּ

knv = 1, kuv = 1

/=3,38 /

/

n=630 /,

/=3,2 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97

kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1

= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,60,75ּ194- 0,15ּ0,97= 1328 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

156.

(Ø185): t = 2

s = 0,8 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,80,45

tx = 20,15

Tm = 600,2 - .

Kv . [.3, .282]

v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19

kμv = k= 1ּ

knv = 1, kuv = 1

/=3,38 /

/

n=315 /,

/=3,05 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97

kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1

= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,80,75ּ183- 0,15ּ0,97= 1340 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

, 156

(Ø147): t =1,5

s = 0,8 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,80,45

tx = 1,50,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=3,5 /

/

n=400 /,

/=3,08 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ1,51ּ0,80,75ּ184,6- 0,15ּ0,97= 1360 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

, 156

(Ø119,75): t =1,375

s = 0,2 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,20,45

tx = 1,3750,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=3,57 /

/

n=550 /,

/=3,45 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ1,3751ּ0,20,75ּ206,8- 0,15ּ0,97= 538 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

015 ():

156.

(Ø185): t = 2

s = 0,8 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,80,45

tx = 20,15

Tm = 600,2 - .

Kv . [.3, .282]

v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19

kμv = k= 1ּ

knv = 1, kuv = 1

/=3,38 /

/

n=315 /,

/=3,05 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97

kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1

= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,80,75ּ183- 0,15ּ0,97= 1340 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

, 156

(Ø91): t =1

s = 0,1 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 420

S = 0,10,2

tx = 10,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=5,8/

/

n=1160 /,

/=5,5 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p =

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ11ּ0,10,75ּ331- 0,15ּ0,97= 217 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

, 156

(Ø77): t =0,5

s = 0,07 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 420

S = 0,070,2

tx = 0,50,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=6,9 /

/

n=1700 /,

/=6,85 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ0,51ּ0,070,75ּ411- 0,15ּ0,97= 80 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

1,5×45 Ø185

(Ø185): t = 1

s = 0,13 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,130,45

tx = 10,15

Tm = 600,2 - .

Kv . [.3, .282]

v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19

kμv = k= 1ּ

knv = 1, kuv = 1

/=7,45/

/

n=760 /,

/=7,35 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97

kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1

= 10ּ300ּ11ּ0,130,75ּ441- 0,15ּ0,97= 253 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

020 ():

, 156

t =5

s = 0,4 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,40,45

tx = 50,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=3,5 /

/

n=400 /,

/=3 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97

kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1

= 10ּ300ּ51ּ0,40,75ּ182- 0,15ּ0,97= 432 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

156.

(Ø140): t = 2

s = 0,8 /

i = 3

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,80,45

tx = 20,15

Tm = 600,2 - .

Kv . [.3, .282]

v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19

kμv = k= 1ּ

knv = 1, kuv = 1

/=3,38 /

/

n=400 /,

/=2,9 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97

kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1

= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,80,75ּ176- 0,15ּ0,97= 1424 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

, 156

(Ø144): t =0,5

s = 0,07 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 420

S = 0,070,2

tx = 0,50,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=6,9 /

/

n=830 /,

/=6,25 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ0,51ּ0,070,75ּ375- 0,15ּ0,97= 82 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

025 ():

156

(Ø145): t =1

s = 0,1 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 420

S = 0,10,2

tx = 10,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=5,8 /

/

n=760 /,

/=5,8 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,1

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ11ּ0,10,75ּ346- 0,15ּ0,97= 215 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620

, 156

(Ø120): t =0,125

s = 0,06 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 420

S = 0,060,2

tx = 0,1250,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=8,8 /

/

n=1330 /,

/=8,3 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ0,1251ּ0,060,75ּ500- 0,15ּ0,97= 33 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

030 :

Ø119:

, 156

t =0,5

s = 0,5 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 340

S = 0,50,45

tx = 0,50,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=4,5 /

/

n=640 /,

/=4 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ0,51ּ0,50,75ּ240- 0,15ּ0,97= 380 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

(450):

(Ø120): t =2,5

s = 0,14 /

i = 3

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 420

S = 0,140,45

tx = 2,50,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=7,75 /

/

n=1020 /,

/=6,4 /

:

, [.3, .271

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ2,51ּ0,140,75ּ384- 0,15ּ0,97= 682()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620

035 ( ):

, 156

(Ø120): t =0,2

s = 0,06 /

i = 1

V =[.3, .265]

: [.3, .269]

= 420

S = 0,060,2

tx = 0,20,15

Tm = 600,2 -

Kv =1,19

/=8,2 /

/

n=1220 /,

/=7,7 /

:

, [.3, .271]

: [.3, .273]

p = 300

x = 1,0

y = 0,75

n = - 0,15

kp = 0,97

= 10ּ300ּ0,21ּ0,060,75ּ460- 0,15ּ0,97= 42 ()

:

N = () [.3, .271]

- 1620.

040 :

65

(Ø145): D=40

t = 3 q = 0,45 = 120

Sz = 0,2 x = 0,5 u=0,1

Z = 5 y = 0,5

i = 2 p = 0,1

Cv = 46,7 m = 0,33

V = /=0,75 /

n =

n =315 /

V = / =0,67 /

:

= 12,5

x = 0,85

y = 0,75

q = 0,73

w = -0,13

n = 1

:

(ּ)

:

N =

- 610.

045 ():

65

(Ø145): D=40

t = 1,5 q = 0,45 = 120

Sz = 0,2 x = 0,5 u=0,1

Z = 5 y = 0,5

i = 2 p = 0,1

Cv = 46,7 m = 0,33

V = /=1,07 /

n =

n =480 /

V = / =1 /

:

= 12,5

x = 0,85

y = 0,75

q = 0,73

w = -0,13

n = 1

:

(ּ)

:

N =

- 610.

050 :

Æ12 P6M8

t=6 q=0,4

s=0,28 y=0,5

Cv=9,8 m=0,2

T=20

:

V=/ =0,55 /

:

Cm=0,0345, q=2, y=0,8

M=Hm

:

Cp=68, q=1, y=0,7

P0=H

:

n=/

Ne=

- 2125.

9. -

1. - Æ91h11(-0,22).

Δ=28 , 1=0 , 1=15 , =4

1) :

Dmax=DH=91 .

2) :

Dmin=DH=91-0,22=90,78 .

3) -:

HEc =Dmin-1/2=90,78-0,015/2=90,7725 .

4) -:

=Dmax1-/2=91-0,028-0,004/2=90,97 .

5) -:

..=Dmax+=91+0=91 .

6) -:

-=Dmax1+=91-0,028+0,015/2=90,047 .

7) -:

-=Dmin+/2=90,78+0,004/2=90,782 .

8) -:

-=Dmax+1+=91+0+0,004/2=91,002 .

9) Æ91h11 (-0,22)

2. - Æ7711(+0,19):

Δ0=25 , =13 , =0 .

1) :

Dmax=D=77+0,19=77,19 .

2) :

Dmin=D=77=77 .

3) -:

=Dmin0+/2=77+0,025+0,013/2=77,0315 .

4) -:

=Dmax+=77,19+0,013/2=77,228 .

5) -:

=Dmin-=77-0=77 .

6) Æ7711(+0,19).

10.

, ( ), .

. , . .

15 . , , . . , ..

:

1) , ( );

2) , , .

: . . . , . (0,5-0,6 ) , . , () , , .

.

D..=91

D=93

L=18

Pz=217

:

=123456=1,5×1×1,2×1×1×1×1=1,8 [. 2 .107]

=1,5 ;

1=1 , ;

2=1,2 - , ;

3=1 - , ;

4=1 - , , ;

5=1 - , ;

6=1 - , , .

:

W=Pz

n=3 ;

f..=0,8 ;

3. :

Q.=Wknkk

K=1,05 - , ;

=40 ;

h=65 ;

f=0,1 .

4. :

Q..=

η=0,85 ;

D=200 ;

=0,39 / .


 

1.   -. .1 . .. ... . : , 1985 .

2.   .. .: , 1985 .

3.   -. .2 . .. ... . : , 1985 .

4.   . . .. . .: . . -, 1987 .

5.   . .. .: , 1984 .


1

- 1620

:

400

210

, 34 1500

:

0,25- 0,56

, 56-0,25

, 0,5-112

, 112-0,5

, / 16-1600

21/18

:

1440

240

, / (/):

0,05-2,8

0,025-1,4

-

, /:

4000

2000

, 6,3

( ):

2920

1035

1450

, 2050

- 610

160630

:

500

160

300

60

, 45

( 7:24) -

12

, / 50-2240

12

, /:

25-1120

12,5-560

, /:

2300

1120

, 3

:

1445

1875

1750

( ), 1300

- 2125

25

400x450

700

250

200

: () 170, 270

3

12

, / 45-2000

( ) 9

( ), / 0,1-0,6

, 2,2

:

915

785

2350

, 880

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :