,,,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. -
10.
1
2
3
1.
. -5.
-5 .
. 15 ( 5000 /). : - - -.
, , .
2.
N=mM (1+γδ/100) = 3×12000(1+6×3/100)=57600,
: m ;
=12000 ;
γ 510 ;
δ 26 , , .
N=57600 , , . , , , . , .. , .
3.
. , , , .
:
;
;
;
- , , ;
(, ) , ;
.
.
4.
- . : , , , .
, , :
, , , , , ;
: ;
, , ;
, ( , , - ..);
, .
, , , . .. , .
. : ,
:
, [.2, .23]
Q1 ;
Q2 .
.. m=0,73, , .
5.
(, ...) . , , ..
, .
. :
- ;
- ;
- , .
1. Æ145 Æ185 .
2. Æ185, Æ110, Æ91 Æ77 Æ145, , Æ145, Æ120, Æ119, Æ135 Æ175 Æ185, .
3. , , Æ185, .
4. Æ145 Æ185 .
5. Æ185 .
6.
.
001 :
005 ():
102 .
Æ185 18.
Æ93 , Æ185 18 18 .
Æ76 33.
010 ():
100.
Æ185 69.
Æ147 69.
Æ119,5 67.
015 ():
Æ185 20.
Æ91 18 .
Æ77 33.
1×450 Æ91 Æ185.
020 ():
Æ175 5 Æ145.
Æ144 19.
025 ():
Æ145 69 .
Æ119,75 67.
030 :
Æ121.
035 ( ):
Æ120 67.
040 :
6 . Æ145.
045 ():
6 . Æ145.
050 :
6 . Æ12.
055 .
060 .
7.
: .
- , , , , .
- .
Æ 120+0,035.
. . . |
() |
δ () |
|||
Rz |
ρ | e | |||
: |
240 | 250 | 46 | - | 1400 |
|
50 | 50 | 1 | 200 | 540 |
25 | 25 | - | 15 | 220 | |
5 | 15 | - | 5 | 35 |
Rz [ .2, .66 (.)]
Җ [.2, .66 (.)]
ρ - . [ .1, .186 (.16), .2, .61]
e - [.2 .30(.12-14), .134]
ρ = Δ ּℓ = 0,75 ּ61= 46 , [. 1, .177]
D ( 1 );
ℓ - ρ= ρ×,
:
=0,06
=0,04
=0,04
:
:
1. 2Z3min = ּ(RZ2 + h2 +ρ22+ε32) = 2ּ(25 + 25 + 5) = 110
2Z3min = 110
2Z3max = 2Z3min + δ2 δ3 = 110 + 220 35 = 295 [. 2, .64]
2Z3max = 300
:
2. 2Z2min = 2ּ(RZ1 + h1 + ) = 2ּ(50 +50 + ) = 230
2Z3min=230
2Z2max = 2Z2min + δ1 - δ2 = 230 + 540 220 = 550
:
2Z1min = 2ּ(RZ0 + h0 + ) = 2ּ(240 + 250 + ) = 1390
2Z1min = 1390
2Z1max = 2Z1min + δ0 δ1 =1390 + 1400 540 = 2250 .
:
:
d3min = 120 ()
d3max = 120,035 ()
:
d2min = d3min - 2Z3min = 120 - 0,11 = 119,89 () [. 2, .64]
d2max = d3max - 2Z3max = 120,035- 0,295 = 119,74 () [. 2, .64]
:
d1min = d2min -2Z2min = 119,89 - 0,23 = 119,66 ()
d1max = d2max - 2Z2max =119,74 - 0,55 = 119,19 ()
:
d0min = 119,66 - 1,39 = 118,27 ()
d0max = 119,19- 2,25 = 116,94 ().
2Zmin () |
() | () | ||
2Zmin |
2Zmax |
dmin |
dmax |
|
: | - | - | 118,27 | 116,94 |
|
1390 | 2250 | 119,66 | 119,19 |
230 | 550 | 119,89 | 119,74 | |
110 | 295 | 120 | 120,035 |
.
8.
, . .
: ; , , .
, , :
t;
s;
v;
Pz ;
, N;
.
t , .
s , , . .
v .
Pz, y x . , , z .
005 ():
156.
(Ø95): t = 2
s = 0,6 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,60,45
tx = 20,15
Tm = 600,2 - .
Kv . [.3, .282]
v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19
kμv = k= 1ּ
knv = 1, kuv = 1
/=3,38 /
/
n=630 /,
/=3,2 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97
kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1
= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,60,75ּ194- 0,15ּ0,97= 1328 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
156.
(Ø185): t = 2
s = 0,8 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,80,45
tx = 20,15
Tm = 600,2 - .
Kv . [.3, .282]
v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19
kμv = k= 1ּ
knv = 1, kuv = 1
/=3,38 /
/
n=315 /,
/=3,05 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97
kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1
= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,80,75ּ183- 0,15ּ0,97= 1340 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
, 156
(Ø93): t =1
s = 0,6 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,60,45
tx = 10,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=3,37 /
/
n=630 /,
/=3,07 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ11ּ0,60,75ּ184- 0,15ּ0,97= 907,5 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
, 156
(Ø77): t =1
s = 0,2 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,20,45
tx = 50,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=3,75 /
/
n=930 /,
/=3,75 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ11ּ0,20,75ּ225- 0,15ּ0,97= 880 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
010 ():
156.
(Ø150): t = 2
s = 0,8 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,80,45
tx = 20,15
Tm = 600,2 - .
Kv . [.3, .282]
v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19
kμv = k= 1ּ
knv = 1, kuv = 1
/=3,38 /
/
n=400 /,
/=3,14 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97
kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1
= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,80,75ּ188,4- 0,15ּ0,97= 1334 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
156.
(Ø95): t = 2
s = 0,6 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,60,45
tx = 20,15
Tm = 600,2 - .
Kv . [.3, .282]
v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19
kμv = k= 1ּ
knv = 1, kuv = 1
/=3,38 /
/
n=630 /,
/=3,2 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97
kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1
= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,60,75ּ194- 0,15ּ0,97= 1328 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
156.
(Ø185): t = 2
s = 0,8 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,80,45
tx = 20,15
Tm = 600,2 - .
Kv . [.3, .282]
v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19
kμv = k= 1ּ
knv = 1, kuv = 1
/=3,38 /
/
n=315 /,
/=3,05 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97
kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1
= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,80,75ּ183- 0,15ּ0,97= 1340 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
, 156
(Ø147): t =1,5
s = 0,8 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,80,45
tx = 1,50,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=3,5 /
/
n=400 /,
/=3,08 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ1,51ּ0,80,75ּ184,6- 0,15ּ0,97= 1360 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
, 156
(Ø119,75): t =1,375
s = 0,2 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,20,45
tx = 1,3750,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=3,57 /
/
n=550 /,
/=3,45 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ1,3751ּ0,20,75ּ206,8- 0,15ּ0,97= 538 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
015 ():
156.
(Ø185): t = 2
s = 0,8 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,80,45
tx = 20,15
Tm = 600,2 - .
Kv . [.3, .282]
v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19
kμv = k= 1ּ
knv = 1, kuv = 1
/=3,38 /
/
n=315 /,
/=3,05 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97
kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1
= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,80,75ּ183- 0,15ּ0,97= 1340 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
, 156
(Ø91): t =1
s = 0,1 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 420
S = 0,10,2
tx = 10,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=5,8/
/
n=1160 /,
/=5,5 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p =
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ11ּ0,10,75ּ331- 0,15ּ0,97= 217 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
, 156
(Ø77): t =0,5
s = 0,07 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 420
S = 0,070,2
tx = 0,50,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=6,9 /
/
n=1700 /,
/=6,85 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ0,51ּ0,070,75ּ411- 0,15ּ0,97= 80 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
1,5×45 Ø185
(Ø185): t = 1
s = 0,13 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,130,45
tx = 10,15
Tm = 600,2 - .
Kv . [.3, .282]
v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19
kμv = k= 1ּ
knv = 1, kuv = 1
/=7,45/
/
n=760 /,
/=7,35 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97
kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1
= 10ּ300ּ11ּ0,130,75ּ441- 0,15ּ0,97= 253 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
020 ():
, 156
t =5
s = 0,4 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,40,45
tx = 50,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=3,5 /
/
n=400 /,
/=3 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97
kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1
= 10ּ300ּ51ּ0,40,75ּ182- 0,15ּ0,97= 432 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
156.
(Ø140): t = 2
s = 0,8 /
i = 3
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,80,45
tx = 20,15
Tm = 600,2 - .
Kv . [.3, .282]
v = kμvּknvּkuv = 1,19
kμv = k= 1ּ
knv = 1, kuv = 1
/=3,38 /
/
n=400 /,
/=2,9 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = kμּkּ kypּkλּk = 0,89ּ1,1ּ1= 0,97
kφ = 0,89 ; kγp = 1,1; kλ = 1, krp=1
= 10ּ300ּ21ּ0,80,75ּ176- 0,15ּ0,97= 1424 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
, 156
(Ø144): t =0,5
s = 0,07 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 420
S = 0,070,2
tx = 0,50,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=6,9 /
/
n=830 /,
/=6,25 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ0,51ּ0,070,75ּ375- 0,15ּ0,97= 82 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
025 ():
156
(Ø145): t =1
s = 0,1 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 420
S = 0,10,2
tx = 10,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=5,8 /
/
n=760 /,
/=5,8 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,1
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ11ּ0,10,75ּ346- 0,15ּ0,97= 215 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620
, 156
(Ø120): t =0,125
s = 0,06 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 420
S = 0,060,2
tx = 0,1250,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=8,8 /
/
n=1330 /,
/=8,3 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ0,1251ּ0,060,75ּ500- 0,15ּ0,97= 33 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
030 :
Ø119:
, 156
t =0,5
s = 0,5 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 340
S = 0,50,45
tx = 0,50,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=4,5 /
/
n=640 /,
/=4 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ0,51ּ0,50,75ּ240- 0,15ּ0,97= 380 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
(450):
(Ø120): t =2,5
s = 0,14 /
i = 3
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 420
S = 0,140,45
tx = 2,50,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=7,75 /
/
n=1020 /,
/=6,4 /
:
, [.3, .271
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ2,51ּ0,140,75ּ384- 0,15ּ0,97= 682()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620
035 ( ):
, 156
(Ø120): t =0,2
s = 0,06 /
i = 1
V =[.3, .265]
: [.3, .269]
= 420
S = 0,060,2
tx = 0,20,15
Tm = 600,2 -
Kv =1,19
/=8,2 /
/
n=1220 /,
/=7,7 /
:
, [.3, .271]
: [.3, .273]
p = 300
x = 1,0
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
kp = 0,97
= 10ּ300ּ0,21ּ0,060,75ּ460- 0,15ּ0,97= 42 ()
:
N = () [.3, .271]
- 1620.
040 :
65
(Ø145): D=40
t = 3 q = 0,45 = 120
Sz = 0,2 x = 0,5 u=0,1
Z = 5 y = 0,5
i = 2 p = 0,1
Cv = 46,7 m = 0,33
V = /=0,75 /
n =
n =315 /
V = / =0,67 /
:
= 12,5
x = 0,85
y = 0,75
q = 0,73
w = -0,13
n = 1
:
(ּ)
:
Nℓ =
- 610.
045 ():
65
(Ø145): D=40
t = 1,5 q = 0,45 = 120
Sz = 0,2 x = 0,5 u=0,1
Z = 5 y = 0,5
i = 2 p = 0,1
Cv = 46,7 m = 0,33
V = /=1,07 /
n =
n =480 /
V = / =1 /
:
= 12,5
x = 0,85
y = 0,75
q = 0,73
w = -0,13
n = 1
:
(ּ)
:
Nℓ =
- 610.
050 :
Æ12 P6M8
t=6 q=0,4
s=0,28 y=0,5
Cv=9,8 m=0,2
T=20
:
V=/ =0,55 /
:
Cm=0,0345, q=2, y=0,8
M=Hm
:
Cp=68, q=1, y=0,7
P0=H
:
n=/
Ne=
- 2125.
9. -
1. - Æ91h11(-0,22).
Δ=28 , 1=0 , 1=15 , =4
1) :
Dmax=DH=91 .
2) :
Dmin=DH-Δ=91-0,22=90,78 .
3) -:
HEc =Dmin-1/2=90,78-0,015/2=90,7725 .
4) -:
=Dmax-Δ1-/2=91-0,028-0,004/2=90,97 .
5) -:
..=Dmax+=91+0=91 .
6) -:
-=Dmax-Δ1+=91-0,028+0,015/2=90,047 .
7) -:
-=Dmin+/2=90,78+0,004/2=90,782 .
8) -:
-=Dmax+1+=91+0+0,004/2=91,002 .
9) Æ91h11 (-0,22)
2. - Æ7711(+0,19):
Δ0=25 , =13 , =0 .
1) :
Dmax=D+Δ=77+0,19=77,19 .
2) :
Dmin=D=77=77 .
3) -:
=Dmin+Δ0+/2=77+0,025+0,013/2=77,0315 .
4) -:
=Dmax+=77,19+0,013/2=77,228 .
5) -:
=Dmin-=77-0=77 .
6) Æ7711(+0,19).
10.
, ( ), .
. , . .
15 . , , . . , ..
:
1) , ( );
2) , , .
: . . . , . (0,5-0,6 ) , . , () , , .
.
D..=91
D=93
L=18
Pz=217
:
=123456=1,5×1×1,2×1×1×1×1=1,8 [. 2 .107]
=1,5 ;
1=1 , ;
2=1,2 - , ;
3=1 - , ;
4=1 - , , ;
5=1 - , ;
6=1 - , , .
:
W=Pz
n=3 ;
f..=0,8 ;
3. :
Q.=Wknkk
K=1,05 - , ;
=40 ;
h=65 ;
f=0,1 .
4. :
Q..=
η=0,85 ;
D=200 ;
=0,39 / .
1. -. .1 . .. ... . : , 1985 .
2. .. .: , 1985 .
3. -. .2 . .. ... . : , 1985 .
4. . . .. . .: . . -, 1987 .
5. . .. .: , 1984 .
1
- 1620
:
400
210
, 34 1500
:
0,25- 0,56
, 56-0,25
, 0,5-112
, 112-0,5
, / 16-1600
21/18
:
1440
240
, / (/):
0,05-2,8
0,025-1,4
-
, /:
4000
2000
, 6,3
( ):
2920
1035
1450
, 2050
- 610
160630
:
500
160
300
60
, 45
( 7:24) -
12
, / 50-2240
12
, /:
25-1120
12,5-560
, /:
2300
1120
, 3
:
1445
1875
1750
( ), 1300
- 2125
25
400x450
700
250
200
: () 170, 270
3
12
, / 45-2000
( ) 9
( ), / 0,1-0,6
, 2,2
:
915
785
2350
, 880
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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