,,,
.
1
.
, , , . , , .
, , .
. .1 I() , ( ) ( ). , H || c, , . ^ 104 .
, (, Tb, Dy). I(), , , , (), , ().
, , . Is , . , .
.1. I() ,
( ) ( ).
, ( ). Is J c Is, J=90, . . Is ^ , J =180.
2.
.
. ..
. , , , . .
( Is ), fa, f f:
fa(ai ,ei j)= fa(ai ,ei j)+ f.(ai ,ei j)+ f. (ai ,ei j) (1)
1) fa , ai . fa , - , ai =a = cos (Is,) = cos J. , , a - a . , , . .
fa=K1¢a2 + K2¢a4 + ...... (2)
K1¢a2 K2¢a4 . . - ; fa :
fa = K1 sin2J+ K2 sin4J+..., (3)
K1 K2 1- 2- . j. , . , Fe, Ni, (a1, a2, a3) Is :
(a1=cos(Is, [100]); a2=cos(Is, [010]); a3=s(Is, [001]). (4)
a1 , a2 , a3, .
[100]
. Is fa(a1, a2, a3) .
, , (100)
a1 - a1, a2
a3
. (010) (001)
a2
a3.
, fa(a1,
a2,a3)
ai - ai ( i = 1,2,3) (5)
{110}.
ai - aj ( i¹ j = 1,2,3) (6)
a1 , a2 , a3, (5,6), a21 + a22 + a23 , , ,
.
(
ai), a41 + a42 + a43
a41 + a42 + a43 = 1- 2(a21a22+a22a23+a21a23) (7)
(a21 + a22 + a23)2 = 1. ,
a61 + a62 + a63 = 1- 3(a21a22+a22a23+a21a23)+3a21a22a23 (8)
(a21 + a22 + a23)3 = 1.
ai
fa=K1(a21a22+a22a23+a21a23)+K2a21a22a23 (9)
K2a21a22a23, (9), . :
fa=K1(a21a22+a22a23+a21a23) (10)
K1 K2 , .
1>0, (9)
[100],
[010], [001],
.
1<0,
[111],
[I11], [1I1], [11I], (9) ,
.
(9), [100] , 1 , 2, .
, fa Ym l (J ,j) J - , j - .
fa=SScmlUml(J,j) , (11)
cml - , . (11) ( cml, . . ).
2) f.(ei j ) = ½ [C11(e2xx+ e2yy+ e2zz)] +½ [C44(e2xy+ e2yz+ e2xz)]+
+ C12(exxeyy+ eyyezz+ exxezz ) (12)
3) f.(ai ,ei j ) = B1[(a21 1/3)exx+(a22 1/3)eyy+(a23 1/3)ezz]+
B2[a1a2exy+a2a3 eyz+a1a3exz] , (13)
, ai , ei j- , 1 , 2 , 11 , 44 , 14 .
(ai = const) . , , e(0)i j , f.
f e i j,
∂f/∂exx= B1(a21 1/3)+C11e(0)xx + C12(e(0)yy+e(0)zz)=0 ,
∂f/∂eyy= B1(a22 1/3)+C11e(0)yy + C12(e(0)zz+e(0)xx)=0 , (14)
∂f/∂ezz= B1(a23 1/3)+C11e(0)zz+ C12(e(0)xx+e(0)yy)=0 ,
∂f/∂ezy= B2a1a2+ C44e(0)xy=0,
∂f/∂eyz= B2a2a3+ C44e(0)yz=0, (15)
∂f/∂exz= B2a1a3+ C44e(0)xz=0,
(14), : (∆V/V)0= e(0)xx+ e(0)yy+ e(0)zz ,
.. (∆V/V)0 . (14) (15)
e(0)i i = -[B1/(C11-C12)] [a2i 1/3], e(0)i j = -(B2/C44)aiaj ; i , j = x, y, z.
(16)
e(0)i j δl/l , β1, β2, β3:
(δl/l)0 = e(0)xx β21+ e(0)yy β22+ e(0)zz β23+ e(0)xy β1 β2+ e(0)yz β2 β3+ e(0)zx β3β1=
= - [B1/(C11-C12)] [a21 β21+a22 β22+a23 β23- 1/3]
(B2/C44)( a1a2 β1 β2+a2a3 β2 β3+a3a1 β3 β1) (17)
δl/l [100] [III]. [100], , (17)
a1 = β1 = 1, a2 = a3 = β2 = β3 = 0,
(δl/l)[100] =λ100 = - 2/3 [B1/(C11-C12)]. (18)
[111]
(δl/l)[111] =λ111 = - 1/3 (B2/C44) , (19)
λ100 λ111 .
(18,19),
:
B1=N(∂g1/∂r)r0 , B2= 2Ng1, (20)
- N
.
λ100 λ111
g1 :
1- :
λ100 = -2/3[N/(C11 C12)][∂g1/∂r]r0 ;
λ111 = - 4/3(N/C44)g1
2- - :
λ100 = -16/9[N/(C11 C12)]g1 ; (21)
λ111 = - 16/27[g1+(∂g1/∂r)r0]
3 :
λ100 = -1/3[N/(C11 C12)][6g1 (∂g1/∂r)r0] ;
λ111 = - 2/3[N/C44] [2g1+(∂g1/∂r) r0]
(16), (13) (12) :
f(0).= [B21/(C11 C12)] ∑ (a2i-1/3)2 - B22/C44 ∑ a2ia2j , (i , j=1,2,3)
f(0).= ½ C11 [B21/(C11 C12)2] ∑ (a2i-1/3)2 + ½ C44 B22∑ a2ia2j+
+C12[B21/(C11 C12)2] ∑ (a2i-1/3)(a2j-1/3), (i , j=1,2,3)
,
1) ∑a2 i =1 (i =1,2,3) ;
2) ∑a4 i =1 2 ∑ a2 i a2j (i , j=1,2,3) ;
3) ∑ (a2i-1/3)2= 2/3 2 ∑ a2ia2j (i , j=1,2,3, i>j) ;
4) ∑ (a2i-1/3)(a2j-1/3) = ∑ a2ia2j 1/3 (i , j=1,2,3, i>j) ;
f(0).= [B21/(C11 C12)][ 2/3 2 ∑ a2ia2j] - B22/C44 ∑ a2ia2j ,
(i , j=1,2,3, i>j) (22)
f(0).= ½ C11 [B21/(C11 C12)2] [ 2/3 2 ∑ a2ia2j] + ½ C44 B22∑ a2ia2j+
+C12[B21/(C11 C12)2] ∑ a2ia2j 1/3 ,
(i , j=1,2,3,i>j) (23)
(21) (23) (1) (10), (18) (19), :
f =(K1+∆K1)∑ a2ia2j (i , j=1,2,3, i>j) (24)
∆K1 ,
∆K1= [2B21/(C11 C12)] + [B22/C44] [C11{B21/(C11 C12)2}]+
+ [½ C44 (B22/C244)]+[ C12 {B21/(C11 C12)2] =
= [B21/(C11 C12)] ½[B22/C44]=9/4 l2100(C11-C12) 9/2l2111C44
(25)
(24), , .
2.
.
. .
, ,
.
-
.
Kn(T)/Kn(0) = [Is (T)/Is (0)]n(2n+1) , (26)
n . , K1≈ I3s K2≈ I10s. P (26) . - .
,
. .
H.=U1+U2+U3 (27)
U1 , , - ; U2 , , ; U3 ( ).
U1 U2 105 . , , , , 102 (, ) 103104 . , , ( s-), (, d- ), , . - U1 U2 . .
U3, , .
,
. , ,
. ,
,
(Fe, Ni)
, (, ).
,
U3 U1 U2
.
,
U3, U1 U2.
.
-
, ,
,
,
() .
.
, , , , .
[,
U1 U2
(27)].
- - .
, ,
- ,
.
,
. , ,
- ,
.
, , :
1) - ,
- (
);
2) ,
( ).
, - ,
- . ,
,
.
,
.
3.
, Is. , K1.
[110] Vi , , : V0100= V0I00 =V00I0 =V0001 =V00I 0 =V000I =1/6 V, V .
) 180 . , [100] _{010], , [100] [010]. 180 .
,
V0I00= V00I0 =0
I= 2/3 (2) - ½ Is
) 90 . ,
[100] [010], ,
[001] [001]. V100=V010=V/2,V001=V00I=0
I = (2) - ½ Is
, 90 ,
∆l/l=1/3[(dl/l)[001] (dl/l)[100]]=1/3[(dl/l)[001] (dl/l)[010]] = (1/3)(3/4) l100 = ¼ l100
(28)
(dl/l)[001] (a1 = a2 = 0, a3 = 1 ),
(dl/l)[100] (a2 = a3 = 0, a1 = 1 ),
(dl/l)[010] (a1 = a3 = 0, a2 = 1 ),
,
(28)
,
I= (2) - ½ Is,
90
, .
) . 180 90
,
, ,
[110] (001) . J -
. I=Is cos J.
[110]
(d l/l)[110] = - 1/2l100 + 3/4l100 (a21+a22) + 3/2l111a1a2 ,
a1 = cos(p/4-J), a2 = sin(p/4-J) ,
(d l/l)[110] = ¼ l100 + ¾ l111 (2cos2J -1) ¼ l100 + ¾ l111 (2(I/Is)2 -1).
.2 . , : 10. . (). , , , . R1 R2 . R3 , R4 . x3,x4
. R5 . R6 , , . - .
, . , , 30x10-6. 5, l 1 10 , 10-4-10-3 . : - 30 / , , .. , , . :
- ࠠ ;
- ( ) ;
- ( ) .
.
:
- ,
- ,
- ,
- .
.
( 1) 3414 0,35 , , ( 2) , .. ( 3). :
1. .
1.1. U , 10 . . Ĕ , 1.
1.2. . 2, , .
2. .
2.1. 5-10 .
2.2. . , 100 .
2.3. 2 , 5-6 .
2.4. 2 3.
: 1. , .1.2.
2. ,
, () .
3. .
3. .
3.1.
3.2.
3.3. :
l=∆l/l=g(∆R/R),
∆R .
R = 200 O ,
g = 2 - .
3.4. g =f(H) ( = 100 / = H/J, , J ).
3.5. g =f(H) , .
. 2. .
.
1. .. : , 1971,
2. .. , , 1981
3. .. . . , 1974, . 375-380.
.
1. ? ? ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. , ? ?
5. K1 ?
6. . , ?
7. ?
8. Is (100) , j - Is [001]. j [111].
4 .
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