. , , ,

,,,

:

:

III 234

:

, ..., . .

.., ..., .

2004

: .

堠 3

-

6

頠 8

⠠ 13

16

ࠠ 17


() 1960- , . [8]. , . (CGIS).

, , , . , . , . , .

( ) () , , . , , , . , / , . . .

() , , . . , . ( ) ( ., 2000). : , (.1).

.1. .

, .. (, , , ), , .. ( , , ). () , , , . (), . , . , ( , 1988).

, , , . . , , . , , , , .

, . ( ), ( -1 -1) ( -Ի) [9]. , , :

           , ;

           , ;

           ;

           , ;

          

 

: .

:

1. - , ;

2. LANDSAT ASTER ;

3. 1998-2000 .

4. , 2004 .

-

, , , -, ( ) . 100-150 , 242 . , , , : , , . , , , .

. , . , ( -16 - -20 -) ( +8 +12); , . 450 250 . , , , . 30 % . , , , , . , 37 72 . , . 48 /. 60 . () 500 . -5 -2 ; .

+5 95 110 , 72 94 . 400 1100 .

, , , - . , , , , , . , . , - , , , , . .

, , . - , .

- , . (, , .) (, .) ( , 1985; , 2001; , 1988).

, . , - ; . , : , . .

. , , . , - (), .

, ( ), ( ) (.1).

. 1. (1) . , landsat ETM+

ASTER (6.18.2001, 16_009) landsat ETM+ 1995 2001 . Landsat .1.

1. landsat ETM+.

Path_row
1 173_12 2.08.1987
2 170_12 11.07.1988
3 172_13 02.08.1988
4 171_13 03.08.1988
5 171_13 01.06.2000
6 171_13 19.07.2000

Aster - (advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflector Radiometer). Terra, 1999 . ASTER , , , . , (Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry METI). , TERRA, ASTER . , , ( ) , 6060 .

Landsat7 ( Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space) 10. 00 . 15 1999 . 5 . Landsat ( 1972.). Landsat-7 : NASA, NOAA USGS, . ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus), 30 , 60 15 185 . :

: 705 ;

: 16 .;

: 98.2 .

ETM+ NASA Hughes Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. TM (Thematic Mapper), Landsat. :

           (15)

           -

           5%

, . . 2.

2. ASTER ETM+.

, , ,
ASTER 1 15 0.51 - 0.60 60
2 15 0.63 - 0.69
3 15 0.76 - 0.86
15 0.76 - 0.86
4 30 1.60 - 1.70
5 30 2.145 - 2.185
6 30 2.185 - 2.225
7 30 2.235 - 2.285
8 30 2.295 - 2.365
9 30 2.360 - 2.430
10 90 8.125 - 8.475
11 90 8.475 - 8.825
12 90 8.925 - 9.275
13 90 10.25 - 10.95
14 90 10.95 - 11.65
ETM+ 1 30 0.45 - 0.515 185
2 30 0.525 - 0.605
3 30 0.63 - 0.690
4 30 0.75 - 0.90
5 30 1.55 - 1.75
6 60 10.40 - 12.5
7 30 2.09 - 2.35
8 15 0.52 - 0.90 (.)

(Salix lanata, S.phylicifolia), (Betula nana) , -- - .

Landsat (TM ETM) 1987, 1988 2000 ., . Tasseled Cap (TC) Erdas Imagine 8.5. (.2), :

= TC 1 2000 . TC 1 1987 .

= TC 2 2000 . TC 2 1987 .

= TC 3 2000 . TC 3 1987 .

.2.

1987 2000 .

1987, 1988, 2000 . , , . 1987 2000 , , (1987 .), () . (, , 1992).

(ArcVew 3.2, UTM, 40), . , , , (.3).

. 3. (1:100 000), 1987 . () 2000 . (). (1:1 000 000), , ,

.


, , . , :

- ;

- ;

- .

(, , 1984; , , 1987; 1992). 0.47 /2 (, , ), - . . - ǖ71 - . , . . . . . , , . 1 (, 1999). , . () , .

. . , , . . : , , 1012 (, 1992).

. , , . .. (1989) 925% , . .

-, , ( ). . , , , . , , , .

-, -. , 2540%. .

-, , (. 3).

( 4).

3. ( .., 1989)

()
2000 2001-3000 3001-4000 4000
1.38 1.14 0.53 0.43 0.83
1.07 0.91 - 0.79 0.89
0.67 1.16 0.66 0.67 0.88
0.50 0.64 - 0.44 0.56

4.

1987 . 1988 . 2000 .
( . , ): 5 5 14
(): 57.7 56.7 137.6
: 1 4.6 4.5 25.1
2 11.4 10.1 7.5
3 20.2 20.1 11.6
4 11.4 13.7 7.6
5 10.2 8.4 10.6
: - - 75.2
(, ) (/ , ): 10/17.7 10/17.3 26/65.8
30 1/3.1 1/3.0 7/16.4
60 4/5.4 4/5.0 12/27.3
100 5/9.2 5/9.2 7/22.1
, (): 133.9 131.7 434.2
(): 191.6 188.4 571.8

, 2000 : , , (, ) . , 1987, 1988 2000 ., . 19872000 . 2, 3, 4, , , . .

 

:

1. 1:25 000, 1:100 000 .

2. , , , , .

3. ( ) 2004.

1.          .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .. . , 2000. . 1518.

2.          . .: , 1985 . 204 .

3.          : 30- . .3. .: , .., .., .. ., 1988.

4.          . . ... 3 ., 1970. 640 .

5.          .. // . 104., 1989. C.617.

6.          .., .. // . , . . . 2. , 1984. . 1922.

7.          .. . , 1999. .38.

8.          1: www.gasu.ru, cnit.pgu.serpukhov.su, www.iworld.ru.

9.          2 www.rosaviakosmos.ru.

10.        . . .: +, 2001. 304 .

11.        .., .. // . 1997. 4. . 256262.

12.        .., .. . : i, 1986. . 3334.

13.     .. ( ) // . , 1988. , 73. 11. C. I5771583.

14.        .. - // . . , 1992. . 299. 20 .

:

 

 

 

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. , :