,,,
:
.
.
..
۠ λ
.1808.00.00.00.
1.
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.
1.10.
1.11.
1.12.
1.13.
1.14.
2.
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6. .
2.7.
2.8.
2.9.
2.10.
2.11.
2.12.
2.13.
2.14.
2.15.
2.16.
2.17.
2.18.
3.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
4.
. , , - . .
( ) .
, - .
.
- .
- : (,,....), , (,,......),,.
1.
1.1.
1932 . 9. 1935 . . 21,021940. 1622. :
-
.
2 .
07,07,1944. . . 1949. 32,72 , 8,64 . :
7 ( )
4 3
-
. |
|
|
|
1 |
2,25 |
40-60 |
. . |
2 |
0,17-1,70 |
40-60 |
. . |
3 |
2,50 |
40-60 |
. . |
4 |
9,00-10,00 |
40-60 |
|
5 |
0,20-2,26 |
40-60 |
|
6 |
2,03-3,70 |
40-60 |
. . |
|
2,88 |
65-75 |
|
|
8,00-10,00 |
70-85 |
. . |
|
3,10 |
60-70 |
. . |
|
1,25 |
. |
. . |
|
2,05 |
70-85 |
. . |
|
10,00-15,00 |
65-85 |
. . |
|
0,85 |
65-85 |
. . |
1 |
1,40 |
80-85 |
. . |
2 |
1,50 |
80-85 |
. . |
|
0,80 |
60-75 |
|
1 |
1,10 |
60-70 |
. . |
2 |
0,75 |
60-70 |
. . |
|
5,00 |
40-75 |
. . |
|
1,40 |
40-70 |
. . |
|
1,85 |
40-70 |
. . |
|
1,30 |
40-70 |
. . |
|
2,65 |
40-70 |
. . |
|
0,70-1,50 |
40-70 |
. . |
|
1,00-1,30 |
70-85 |
. . |
. - . , .
.
- ( . . . )
1 2 .
6 3 , 젠 S-S 1, 1 3 .
23.09.1958 . - . . 3 5,3 .
3 4,2 .
1,7 .
. . 5 .
1.4.
, , 2,0 2,3 .
. , , , , .
, .
:
5700 3/
1100 3/
1100 3/
2200 3/
320 326 ( . )
. 6,8 3 .
3 42.
1.5.
: , , , , , .
. .
1.6. .
- - , "" . . , -. .
- .
.
. , .
- .
250 .
- .
, .
, .
1.7. .
, .
, : , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
..
: , .
9 9, . 9,9,11 .
10 , 7.0. +120.0. : +20.0, , +20.0, 1 , +20.0 -50 (Q-13300,Q-18250), (Q-1500). : (. , ., . , . , .) . (+20 , +120 , +110 , +135 , +145 ) .
1.8.
35 110/35/6 -35 6,5 -185
35/6 -. 10000 . 35 6 , .
-6 -2 10 , 6 .
35/6 - .
35/6 - 6 :
6/0,4-0,23 11 630 蠠 -2 30 .
6/0,4-0,23 12 630 蠠 -2 18 .
6000 - 7000 .
-6 11 6/0,4-0,23 560 630 , ࠠ 2-630.
1.9. .
5 : , , 9 11. :
5,5 +120 11 +145 +120. 2-52,3 -22 ( 1:10,5), -17-46-24 - 1000 , - 6 250 /. .
10 7,0 +120. +145 . , . 2-52,3 ( 1:11,5), 213/39-24 750 , - 6 250 /. , , .
7,0 +120 . , . 2-41,8 ( 1:11,5), 15-51-16 630 , - 6 750 /. +120 ( +120 ) .
+200 . -10 95 .
1.10. .
. -3,6 . . . .
.
() ( 2). 2 -50 (Q-13300,Q-18250).
( Q-1100-1500) . , . ( Q-1300, 10-1800, ( Q-2250), 1( Q-1550).
1.11. .
. . +120 300300.
+145 +200 +120 .
10 -182.
.
+20 80 10 -300480 800 3/ 1000 3/.
2 5 -300180 (250 3/) (400 3/).
, .
1.12. .
. , , . . 0,005, 0,05. 8, 28, 52. 52 . 66-300.
1.13. .
1998 140003 . - 678,63 - .
300 . . . . , - .
1.14. .
. . 15000 .
. 1,9 . -2. 62-75%.
1.15. .
1935. , . , 7.6., . 900. .
. . , , ( 400.).
2. .
20% 45% 10 , 60% .
, : .
, . 10%.
2.1. .
Q= 352 3/ ;
Q= 300 3/ ;
=1150 ;
= 2300 ;
2.2. .
.
.
Q .
Q .
50 Q .
..., min max :
nmin - 0.68
nmax - 0.78
N 2000
2.3. .
:
:
Rmin = Hmin/Q2 =1150/3522=0,009281 (2.1)
:
Rmax = Hmax/Q2 =2300/3002=0,018563 (2.2)
min max
min = 0,009281Q2.
min = 0,018563Q2.
Q 0,25 1,5 .
1
|
0,25Q |
0,5Q |
0,75Q |
Q |
1,25Q |
1,5Q |
Q ^3/ |
88 |
176 |
264 |
352 |
440 |
528 |
min |
71,875 |
287,5 |
646,875 |
1150 |
1796,875 |
2587,5 |
max |
143,75 |
575 |
1293,75 |
2300 |
3593,75 |
5175 |
-50 1 2 .
Q1=362 Q2=466 H1=1800 H2=3450
Q=30, ,. .
R1=H1/Q12=1800/3622= 0,0137 (2.3)
R2=H2/Q22=3450/4662= 0,0159 (2.4)
H1=0,0137358Q12: (2.5)
H2=0,0158872Q22: (2.6)
|
0.25Q |
0.5Q |
0.75Q |
Q |
1.25Q |
1.5Q |
Qc1 |
90.5 |
181 |
271.5 |
362 |
452.5 |
543 |
Hc1 |
112.5 |
450 |
1012.5 |
1800 |
2812.5 |
4050 |
Qc2 |
116.5 |
233 |
349.5 |
466 |
582.5 |
699 |
Hc2 |
215.62 |
862.5 |
1940.63 |
3450 |
5390.63 |
7762.5 |
, 30, Q
. H=292.163/,m=2643/,260.5 3/, 87%, 75% 74% Q=3523/
N, :
: Q- , 3/
- ,
n-...
830
:
-17-41-16, 1000 375 /, ...=0,94, cos =0,9, U=6000.
:
: N-
Nmin-
1577. 2000 .
:
: N-
Nmin-
10-12%.
W, *. :
: Q =Q+Qmin/2 .
Hc=Hmax+Hmin/2 .
n - ... .
n... (0,90,95).
n ... (0,850,95).
n - ... (0,95).
n (24).
n (365).
:
W=1079221,63 *
:
W =2558443,26 *
.
. , , .. .
J, :
N- ,
U- ,
50 2. .
S, 2
J - .
J , (2,5 ).
952.
:Smin, 2
, .
10 . =145,
=122;
t = t = t ; - ,
(t) (t);
t = 0.05 + 0.1 = 0.15 ;
J ;
J=S*Ϡ/31/2U =100000/31/2*6=9622,5 (2.13)
: S = 100000 .- .
S =9622.5*0.251/2/186 = 29.16 2.
50 2,
S= 31/2 * J * L2* sV / Y * U; (2.14)
: L2 - ;
Y=50 / .
U ;
2.5% U;
U= U* 25 / 100 = 150 . (2.15)
:
S= 31/2*120*800*0.9 /50*150 = 20 2;
50 2.
3 * 95 .
;
;
.
6 ;
I= / 31/2*Uc = 192.45; (2.16)
: - ,
Uc - ,
-285 10 .
Ǡ JԠ J¥= 9.62 .
i- ( ) J ,
I = * 21/2*J¥; (2.17)
=1.3
I =1.3*21/2 *9.62=17.69 .
,
J =1.09 *9.62 =10.49 , (2.18)
.
JT=J*(t / t)1/2=9.62*(0.25*0.15)1/2=12.4 . (2.19)
t= 0.15 .
.
.
3
-285 | |
U= 6 |
U= 6 |
I=192.45 |
I=400 |
I=9.62 |
I=20 |
I=17.69 |
I=51 |
I=10.49 |
I=31 |
It =12.4 |
It =20 |
:
I³(1.2 1.4) I / , (2.20)
1.2 1.4 , .
=80 .
I = 1152 ;
20 ( -285)
I. ,
I.=S/1,73* 6=9,622 (2.21)
r=U/1,73*I=6/1,73*9,622=0,36 . (2,22)
350 , 395.
:
r=R0*L1=0.91*0.35=0.06685 (2.23)
:
Xk=X0*L1=0,078*0,35=0,0273 (2.24)
:
Jk=(r2k+Xk)0.5=(0.066852+0.02732)0.5=0.07220 젠 (2.25)
I¥=6000/1,73*0,0766=45223,26 (2.26)
I/I³1,5: (2.27)
9622/1600=6
. : -6/400
, .
4
. | . . | å . . | J, | U, | cosj | ||
1. | 3 | 42-2 | 7,5 | 22,5 | 7 | 380 | 0,86 |
2. | 2 | 32-4 | 3,0 | 6,0 | 6 | 380 | 0,86 |
3. | 2 | 32-4 | 3,0 | 6,0 | 6 | 380 | 0,86 |
4. . | 2 | 32-4 | 3,0 | 6,0 | 6 | 380 | 0,86 |
5. | 10 | 12-2 | 1,0 | 10,0 | 6 | 380 | 0,86 |
4
. | . . | å . . | J, | U, | cosj | ||
6. | 4 | 22-6 | 1,1 | 4,4 | 4,5 | 380 | 0,86 |
7. - | 2 | 22-6 | 1,1 | 2,2 | 4,5 | 380 | 0,86 |
:
S..=å.* /sj =57.1*0.5/0.7=40.8. (2.27)
:. å .
=0.5- .
sj- .
50 -50/6
.
5
, | . . |
U% |
. . % |
||||
-5016 | 50 | .. | .. | 5.5 | 7 | ||
6.3 | 0.525 | 350 | =1325 |
:
I=*1000/31/2U*sj; (2.28)
: - , ;
U- , ;
sj- ,;
:
1
1 50 2 50 3 50 4 50 |
-10 -10 -10 -10
I1=I2=I3=I4=*1000/31/2*U*sj=7.5*1000/1.73*380*0.86=1.3
2
5 30 6 30 7 30 8 30 9 30 10 30젠 |
1 2 à
I5=*1000/31/2*U*sj=3*1000/1.73*380*0.86=5.3
I6=*1000/31/2*U*sj=3*1000/1.73*380*0.86=5.3
I7=*1000/31/2*U*sj=1.1*1000/1.73*380*0.86=1.9
I8=*1000/31/2*U*sj=1.1*1000/1.73*380*0.86=1.3
I9=*1000/31/2*U*sj=3*1000/1.73*380*0.86=1.3
I10=*1000/31/2*U*sj=1.1*1000/1.73*380*0.86=1.9
3
11 30 12 30 13 30 14 |
30 |
I11=I 12=I 13=I 14=*1000/31/2*U*sj=1*1000/1.73*380*0.86=1.7
6
, | |||
1 | 1.3 | 6 | 3*6+1*4 |
2 | 1.3 | 6 | 3*6+1*4 |
3 | 1.3 | 6 | 3*6+1*4 |
4 | 1.3 | 6 | 3*6+1*4 |
5 | 5.3 | 4 | 3*6+1*4 |
6 | 5.3 | 4 | 3*6+1*4 |
7 | 1.9 | 4 | 3*6+1*4 |
8 | 1.9 | 4 | 3*6+1*4 |
9 | 5.3 | 4 | 3*6+1*4 |
10 | 1.9 | 4 | 3*6+1*4 |
11 | 1.7 | 4 | 3*6+1*4 |
12 | 1.7 | 4 | 3*6+1*4 |
13 | 1.7 | 4 | 3*6+1*4 |
14 | 1.7 | 4 | 3*6+1*4 |
I U- .
7 .
. | I | U | - . ., | ||
1.3 | -214 | 25 | 380 | 10 | |
. | 5.3 | -214 | 25 | 380 | 10 |
. | 5.3 | -214 | 25 | 380 | 10 |
. | 1.7 | -214 | 25 | 380 | 10 |
. | 5.3 | -214 | 25 | 380 | 10 |
1.9 | -214 | 25 | 380 | 10 | |
- | 1.9 | -214 | 25 | 380 | 10 |
, .
8
. | I , | U , | . .. | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | - | 7 | 8 |
1.3 | -200 | 100 | 500 | 500 |
1.45 I |
||
. | 5.3 | -200 | 100 | 500 | 500 |
1.45 I |
|
. | 5.3 | -200 | 100 | 500 | 500 |
1.45 I |
|
. | 1.7 | -200 | 100 | 500 | 500 |
1.45 I |
|
. | 5.3 | -200 | 100 | 500 | 500 |
1.45 I |
|
1.9 | -200 | 100 | 500 | 500 |
1.45 I |
||
- | 1.9 | -200 | 100 | 500 | 500 |
1.45 I |
. . , , , , , , . , , . , , , , . : 6, 4810 .
. 0,2 , 10 , 1000 >40 .
.
, .
, . .
9
d/l | |||||||||
4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | 70 | 100 | |
1 | 0,45 | 0,40 | 0,36 | 0,34 | 0,27 | 0,24 | 0,21 | 0,20 | 0,19 |
2 | 0,55 | 0,48 | 0,43 | 0,40 | 0,32 | 0,30 | 0,28 | 0,26 | 0,24 |
3 | 0,70 | 0,64 | 0,60 | 0,56 | 0,45 | 0,41 | 0,37 | 0,35 | 0,33 |
.
, .
-1, , -2, , , -5 , ; 6 , , , -5 ;
3--4 380 .
, 4--.
, .
.
. , , , .
, , .
. .
.
, . , .
.
0.02 0.03 . , , - .
. , . , 0.025 . 100 - -500
.
, , .
, . .
0 90 .
, . . , , . ( ).
. , . , , ; 8 10 . , .
.
. , 7 .
, , .
. , . , , . , . , 10% , 1.2%. . .
, . . . ; , . , 1- ( ) ..
, , . , . , 3 . 6 10 3-5 , , . ( ) 5%. . , , , . , . , . .
: , ; , . .
, , , . , , . , .
.
. - . . 1.2- 2.0 .
10
, . | ; 20% | ; . | ||||
1 | 1425 | 1425 | 285 | 1710 | 2223 |
11 .
|
|
,/ |
/ . |
, 10% |
. |
, . |
,. |
. |
4 |
4.73 |
567.6 |
56.76 |
20 |
624.96 |
812.27 |
/+/=2223+812.27=3035.27 . (3.1)
/=(+. )/=3035.27/71000=0.04/; (3.2)
.
.. =W*= 10797221,63*0.09=971750 . (3.3)
: =0.09 .- 1/.
=N/sj=100/0.9=111,1 . (3.4)
. = *=111,1*54=5999,4 . (3.5)
- , .
- .
= / + =971750+5999,4=977749,4 . (3.6)
.=./*12=977749,95/(71000*12)= 1,14 / (3.7)
12
|
|
, . |
%. |
, .
|
|
, . |
, . |
||||
|
2 |
2204650 |
22% |
970046 |
80837,17 |
|
2 |
25600 |
22% |
11264 |
938,67 |
-50/6 |
2 |
35800 |
22% |
15752 |
1312,67 |
å83088,5
=/=83088,5/71000=1.17 /. (3.8)
13
|
|
., . |
, . |
|
500 |
5 |
2500 |
|
20% |
500 |
å3000
,=+++.=3035,27+977749,4+83088,5+3000= =1066873,17 ᠠ (3.9)
14
, | |||
1 |
|
971750 | |
2 |
. 2 |
1031743,95 | |
3 | 1 |
|
1,2 |
4 | 1 |
|
1,17 |
5 |
|
3000 | |
6 |
. |
1066873,17 |
1. . . . -. : , 1985-250.
2. . . . . . . . . : , 1983-542.
3. . . : , 1975-238.
4. . . . . . . :, 1982-407.
5. . . :, 1988-288.
6. . 209005. . : 1990-62.
:
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