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.. , .. . : " , , , , . , "[8].

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1.  .. .. . " ", .9.., 1966.

2.  .. , . "", 1984.

3.  .., .... . - 2- ., . - .: , 1983.

4.  .., , .1-25.. - ., 1937-1954

5.  .. .. .., 1972

6.  http://mer. kakras.ru/

7.  http://www.trust. narod.ru/history2. htm

8.  http://www.gumer. info/bibliotek_Buks/History/kamen/

9.  http://nature. web.ru/db/msg.html? mid=1156854&s=121800000

10.  http://ru. wikipedia.org/wiki/__


1

, ( XIX )

: , , , , .

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- = 71 . .

() - .

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1 3 5 7 9 10 15
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( "" 1835 . ):

1 = 500 = 50 = 10 = 1,0668 1 = 3 = 7 = 48 = 2,1336 = 2,48 .

= 1,76 .

1 = 4 () = 16 = 28 = 71,12 ( )

1 = 44 ( 38 47 cm)

1 = 1/7 = 12 = 30,479

1 < > (, , , , , ) = 4 = 17,78 cm ( 19 - .. ) "", .. . (c 17- "" " ") "" - "" = 1/2 = 22-23 - ( ) .

" " = 27 - 31 .

1 = 4 ( - 1,1 ) = 1/4 = 1/16 = 4,445 - , ( ).

1 ~ 2 .

- = 1/40 = 10 = 30 = 20 (0,6) = 16 (0,75) = 100 = 200 = 12 (15 - , ).

, , . 40 (492 ).

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= 1/6 = 100 .

1 . = 9,713 . 1 . = 0,3597 . 1 . = 87,82 . 1 . = 28,32 . () 1 . = 16,39 . 1 . = 16,39 . 1 - 1 = 2,099 = 209,9 1 ("") = 2,624 = 26,24 1 = 3,280 ():

= 10 = 40 = 16,38 () = 96 = 0,41 = 3 = 12,797 = 4,27 = 0,044 ( ) . "" , . . , , .

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:

1 . = 250000 = 1,138 . 1 = 2400 = 1,093 1 = 0,1 1 . = 16 = 4,552 . 1 . =0,5058 . 1 . =19,76 . 1 . =9,29 . =0,0929 . 1 . =6,452 . 1 . =6,452 .


2

4 1899 .

():

= 500 = 1,0668 = 3 = 7 = 2,1336 = 16 = 28 = 71,12 = 12 = 6,85 = 30,48 = 17,5 = 4,45 = 10 = 2,54 = 10 = 2,54 = 0,245 ():

= 40 = 16,38 = 32 = 96 = 409,51241 = 3 = 12,797263 = 96 = 4,26 = 44,43 :

= 40 = 491,6 = 10 = 12,29 = 1/ 10 = 2 = 10 = 1, 2299 = 1/16 = 0,768 = 1/20 = 5 = 0,61 = 1/ 100 = 2 = 122 = 1/200 = 61 :

= 2 = 8 = 2, 09 = 4 = 1,04 = 8 = 26, 2 =2 = 3, 27 = 1,63 ():

= 250000 = 1,13806 ²;

= 9 = 49 = 4,552245 ² = 256 = 784 =0,505805 ² = 3,06 = 19,75 ² = 144 =0,0929030² =100 = 6,451597 ² , 2400 , 1,09254 .


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[1] .. , . . .; ., 1950, . 22, . 32

[2] , . 47.

[3] .. .- , . 27

[4] .. , , . - . .; ., 1950, . 22,. 217

[5] .. : , . 106.

[6] .. : , . 101.

[7] .. .- . .; ., 1950 . 22, .34

[8] .. : . ., 1924, .15-16

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