. , , ,

,,,

,

- , -, - . 37-38 % ( 18 24 ), , , (, 1999; Monitoring.ru, 2000).

-, - . , - .

-, , , (, 2000; , , 1995; May, 1981; , 1996). (Marcia, Friedman, 1970; Marcia, 1980; Raphael, Xelowsky, 1980). . : , , , , .

-, -, , -. - , -.

, -, - . , . , -. , , -.

-, , . . : ; .

. , , - . - , - .

.

.

1. .

2. - -.

3. .

- -.

. 15 21 : . (84 ), . (91 ). 175 , 43 132 .

.

1. - .

1. - , .

1. " " (.. "-" " "), .

2. - .

2. - , .

2. " " (.. "-" " "), 1 .

3. - , -.

. , . ; . , SIDE ("social identity model of deindividuation effect" - " ") C. , . , . , . , . , . , .. , .. .

, - , , .

, .

1. , , . ( ; ; -) , , .

2. - . " " , . , "" ; , .

3. - : - , .

4. - .

.

. . . (1998), ISN (Information Society Network) (, 1999), (, 2000). " " , " " " " . .. .

, , - , , , , .

. , , , , 137 , 82 . - 148 . .

, , , , , , , , , .

1 " ", 2 , - .

1.1. "" , (, 1996; , 1986; , 1981; , 1994). ""- (, "") , "", . , "", , , "" , - , , , , . "" "" , , ""- - .

:

- " " - " ()" (, 1986; , 1983, 1985; Goffman, 1959; Harre, Secord, 1972; Banaji, Prentice, 1994);

- " " - " " (" " - " ") (, 1991; , 1981, 1984; Tajfel, 1974; Tajfel, Turner, 1979, 1985);

- " " - " " (Rosenberg, Kaplan, 1982; , 1986; , 1998);

- " " - " " (Markus, Nurius, 1986).

, , - (, 1996) (Marcia, Friedman, 1970; Marcia, 1980; Raphael, Xelowsky, 1980). 1.2. . , ""- , , " , , , " (Philipchalk, 1997, p. 46). : ( ) ( ""- ) (Banaji, Prentice, 1994; Tedeschi, Riess, 1981; , 1997).

(Goffman, 1959; Harre, Secord, 1972). , , , (Swann, 1992; , 1997). , , : , , , (Snyder, 1987; Snyder, Monson, 1975).

. . . . , "Me" ("--") , "I" ("--"), , , (Mead, 1975).

. , . . "" (.. ) , - (Tajfel, 1974; Tajfel, Turner, 1979, 1985).

, , , , (.. ), , , (.. ), , (Triandis, 1994; Markus, Kitayama, 1991).

, , , "" "", . . (Markus, Kitayama, 1991), : " " " ". . . , . . . ""- " " , , - . ""- " " , (Markus, Kitayama, 1991).

. . : 1) " " ; , , ; 2) , , , " ", , , .

" " . " " - " " . , " " " " (Linville, 1987). (, 1998; , , 1991), " " .

, " " . " " (Rosenberg, Kaplan, 1982; , 1986; , , 1991; , 1998). " " - , , , .

, , " " - , , . . . " " " ""-"; " " : , , (Markus, Nurius, 1986). , " " : "" (" "), .

" " . , . (Marcia, Friedman, 1970; Marcia, 1980; Raphael, Xelowsky, 1980). ( ) , " " (Marcia, 1980), " ", " " (Raphael, Xelowsky, 1980). . , . . (Marcia, Friedman, 1970) , . , , .

2 "- -" .

2. 1. -. - .

- , . , (, 1999; , 1998). , , , , , , , . : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) , (Suler, 1996b, 1996c, 1996e; Reid, 1994, 1991; Turkle, 1997). " " - , , (, , 1999; Philipchalk,1995).

- , . "" , , .

2. 2. - -, 4 , .

, 90- , , (Riva, Galimberti, 1998; Nass, Steuer, 1993), .

(Reid, 1991, 1994; Donath, 1995; Suler, 1996g; Turkle, 1996, 1997) , , . , , .

- .

1. - . . , , (, , 2000). : , .

2. " ".

(Reid, 1991, 1994; Donath, 1997; Sempsey, 1997; Turkle, 1996, 1997; elly, 1997). : ( ) "" ( ) . . " ", "" , , (Young, 1998; Turkle, 1996; Becker, 1996), " " - (Dautenmann, 1996; Reid, 1991, 1994; Serpentelli, 1992; Suler, 1996d; Sempsey, 1997). , (Turkle, 1996; Sempsey, 1997).

- 2 . - (Brenner, 1997, 1998; Young, 1997, 1998; Thompson, 1996; Suler, 1996a; Goldberg, 1996): 1) ( , , , , ..); 2) .

, - , , : , (King, 1996; Young, 1997, 1998; Suler, 1996a). , - , -.

3 " " , , , .

3. 1. . , , (), .

( ), ( "") . , : , -, - , , -, "", .

, , , , , . "" ( , , ) , , .

, : 3 .

: , , -.

(175 15 21 ) .

.

1. , : " " (8 ), " " (6 ), - (7 ). 175 ( , ).

2. , , 5- . , - : , , , , , .

3. , , - , - " ?" (" ").

4. . ("", " ", " ", " ", " ") . , , (, , 2000).

.

: " " - " "; " " - " "; - - , - ( - "" ""). , .

, , : , - . " " " "; " " " "; "" "".

, -, - . , , , .

3.2. " " , , . , (r=0,177, p<0,05). - , . . c - (r= -0,155, p<0,05): , , , . - .

, , , - : , , . (Philipchalk, 1995; . ., 1996) , , .

3.2.1. - 4 .

, " ", , - , .

, , "" . -, . 30,2 % . , .

-, "". " " " " , 66% . " " "" : "", "", "", "", "", "", .

( " ") (, 1998; , , 1991). , . "" , . , "" , , , , . , , , , . , " ", - " ".

, , , , , "".

"" - ( ""-). , , "" "" . , . , " " "" "" , ( 33,1 % ), "-". , "" " - ", . ( ) "" " , , ".

, "" " ", , , .

, , "" "" , 1: " ", . "" "" . , 1 , - , , .

3.2.2. - 5 .

"" "" , " ", , "" , "", " ", . (, , 2000). (, 1991; , , 2000). ( ) , . , , - , , .

"" "" , , , , , . , "", "" " + ", " ", "". , (75 % "" 73% ""). " " " ", . , "" "" " " .

"" "" , , 4- ( ) .

, "" , - . " " "" , , . , "" .

"" - " " . ( ) . , , (, 1995). "" .

"" - (, ) . , , , , "" , -, , , - , "". -, "" " " , " ", - - , . , "" . , "" , , " " , " ". "" , , , , .

, "" , "" . , "" , "" .

, "" "" 2: - , . , " " , , "" "" , "" "" . , 2 , " ", , .

3.2.3. -.

, ( ), - (Young, 1997, 1998; Holmes, 1998). , -.

, " ", , - . , - .

, , , " " "" . -, "" .

, , , , -. , " " " " (, , ), - , . , . , . (Young, 1997, 1998; Suler, 1996a), "". , .

- - - , , , . (Young, 1997, 1998).

. "-" "-" , , "" "", .. . " " ("-") - .

, , , . . , - , , , .

, , . , , , , .

, , - , -, . , , , .

.

1. . , , " ", . ""-. ""- - ""- . , , . , ""- .

2. - , -. - (, , , , ) , "" - , , . .

3. ( , , -) . . ( , , ).

4. . , " ". , "" . , , , . , - .

5. : - , -. : . , , - .

6. - . - . - , . - - , , - , .

, .

1. , // . 1999. 16 (-). . 76-81 ( .. ).

2. // . 1999. 3 (19) (-). . 72-80.

3. - // . 1999. 30 (). . 18-21 ( .. ).

4. : // 2- . . ., 2000. . 254-255 ( .. ).

5. : , , // : . . V. VII / . .. . .: , 2000. . 395-430 ( .. ).

6. - // : . . V. VII / .. . .: , 2000. . 431-460 ( .. ).

7. // . 2. 2000. . 75-78.

8. ., . // / .. . .: "-", 2000. . 40-54. - .

9. "" // . 7 / . ; .. . .: , 2000. . 204-218 ( . . , .. ).

10. // iBusiness. 2001. ( .. , ).

11. ""- // - " ". ., 2001 ( ).

12. . .

***

1 1 2, 1 2 . , . , , .

2 "-" . (Goldberg, 1996) , .

3 .

4 "". , "", - "". "" .

5 "". , "", - "". "" ( " ") .



- , -, - . 37-38 %

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :