. , , ,

,,,

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 蠠 蠠

頠 頠 . ..

頠 蠠

ࠠ 頠 蠠 頠

ࠠ :

-堠 蠠 堠 蠠

黠 . .

ࠠ I

1

ࠠ ࠠ

2005

ࠠ ࠠ  ࠠ 蠠 蠠 ࠠ 񸠠 堠 堠 .   蠠 頠 , 堠 頠  ࠠ  ꠠ ,  젠 蠠 ⠠ 蠠 젠 .

 䠠 ࠠ 㠠 頠 , ꠠ .

. 頠 . . ,  , 頠 ࠠ , 頠 蠠 蠠 ⠠ , ࠠ 堠 ⠠ 蠠 . , (236 251), 렠   蠠 . . ,  ࠠ , 堠   , , 蠠 . , 젠 ,  堠 ࠠ .

 頠  , , , , .

ࠠ 頠  蠠 . ,  , 堠 ࠠ , . . 堠 頠 , 蠠 젠 ꠠ 頠 蠠 蠠 蠠 . 䠠 .   頠  堠 堠 . 堠 堠  , . ࠠ 蠠 ໠ 蠠 , 堠 젠 , 蠠 堠 ࠠ .

, , . , , , , , .

  頠  , 젠 , 頠 蠠 ( 1380 1418-22).  ,  ꠠ 頠 堠 , 젠 堠 堠 頠 頠 堠 蠠 , , 蠠 蠠 . 頠 ⠠ -젠 31 , 蠠 堠 16-17 . , - 렠 ⠠ 젠 堠 . ,    , , ⠠ ࠠ ⠠ 頠 .   젠 堠 頠 񠠠 頠 頠 렠 頠 頠 , 堠 ꠠ 蠠  ࠠ . 堠 ࠠ , ,   頠 , 頠 젠 .

, ꠠ  砠 , 렠 , , ࠠ 蠠 ,  堠 ࠠ   堠 堠  (. ⠠ 1396 .), 堠  젠  蠠 ⠠ ⠠ 堠 ࠠ 頠 頠 , ࠠ 頠  (堠 , ꠠ , 堠 , ꠠ 蠠 頠 , , ).  堠 蠠 -堠 .

頠  蠠  젠 ,  젠 ⠠ 頠 , 頠 蠠 頠 , 蠠 ; 頠 . ࠠ  堠  頠 頠 頠 蠠  帠  , ⠠ 頠 堠 蠠 堠 , 堠 ⠠ , 頠 .

堠 ࠠ  젠 , 堠 蠠 .

 蠠 頠   , 堠  ࠠ : 堠 ࠠ 蠠 ,  砠 , ⠠ 蠠 젠 젠 ࠠ ࠠ ᠠ , 蠠 , ꠠ  .

  頠 蠠 䠠 頠  蠠 蠠 .   堠 , 堠  ,  堠 , 堠 렠 ⠠ , , , . 堠  蠠 , 6 ࠠ 蠠 -.

ࠠ 蠠 ,  ࠠ 젠 .

頠 堠 - ⠠ 堠 젠 頠 , ꠠ 젠 젠 蠠 蠠 ⠠ ࠠ 頠 ꠠ 㠠  ,  ࠠ ࠠ .  蠠  :  򠠠 堠 蠠 蠠 蠠 蠠 ࠠ 蠠 帠 蠠 蠠 ⠠ 堠 , 堠 󠠠 , , , ... ꅻ

⠠ 頠 堠 ࠠ 堠 , ࠠ , ⠠ ꠠ ,  . ࠠ 젠 堠 堠 蠠 . 蠠 , -, ⠠ 堠 , -, ⠠ 頠 , , -, ⠠ 蠠 堠 ࠠ , ..  .

렠 堠 蠠 堠 蠠 堠 . , ⠠ ࠠ ࠠ ,  ⠠ ⠠  , 堠 : 蠠   蠠 ? 蠠 젠 蠠 , 蠠 蠠 蠠 , 蠠 蠠 蠠 ?   堠 頠  󠠠 ,  頠 ⠠ , 蠠 蠠 ꠠ .

頠 頠 - ꠠ  . ꠠ ࠠ  , 堠 ࠠ . ⠠ . ࠠ 젠 , , 蠠 젠 堠 堠 蠠 ,   .

頠 ⠠ 蠠 , , 頠 젠 .

 ࠠ ⠠ 蠠 񻠠 頠 ⠠ . 頠 蠠 蠠 , 蠠 , 蠠 , . 堠  , 堠 , 堠 򠠠 .

  堠 頠 20-25 , 񠠠 蠠 ࠠ 蠠 .

蠠 ໠ 砠 , , 蠠 ⠠ , , 蠠 , .

  蠠   ࠠ 蠠 頠 , ࠠ 軠 .

堠 , 堠 ࠠ 頠 ,  ,   堠 蠠 ,  .

ꠠ 堠  , 젠 젠 , 蠠 , 堠 頠 .

堠 ࠠ 頠 蠠  . 젠 , 蠠 蠠 㠠  . 堠 , 堠   , 젠 堠 , 堠 蠠 ⠠ 젠 ,  堠 蠠  .

頠 䠠 ,  堠 蠠 蠠 ,  . 頠 -堠 ,   蠠 ࠠ , 젠 젠 젠 蠠 , ꠠ 堠 . 頠 젠 򠠠 ꠠ 堠 .

  蠠 ࠠ  頠 堠  , ꠠ  ,  젠 . 頠 젠   , 蠠 堠 ⠠ , 頠  ࠠ ࠠ  , , 렠 頠 , -, 頠 蠠 堠 蠠 堠 , ࠠ ,  頠 , 蠠 󠠠 .

,  ꠠ , 頠 蠠 , 頠 렠 蠠 頠 .    堠 : , 軠 蠠 .  蠠 ࠠ , ⠠ . , 頠 堠 렠 񸠠  頠 頠 頠 , 堠  , 蠠 렠 , 렠 堠 - , 렠  ,  䠠 젠 頠 ꠠ 蠠 .  젠 蠠 堠 堠 頠 ,  ࠠ ࠠ .

 , 堠  蠠 蠠 ꠠ 堠 蠠 頠 , 頠 㠠 .

 ,  ⠠ 񠠠 頠  堠 蠠 ࠠ 蠠 蠠 ࠠ ,  蠠 蠠 蠠  , 堠   ꠠ 젠 젠 , ⠠ . , ⠠ 蠠 , 젠 젠 堠 ࠠ , 堠 ࠠ  젠 ࠠ ꠠ  頠 蠠 蠠 蠠 . 頠 젠 蠠 ࠠ , , 堠 蠠 頠 ࠠ 栠 ⠠ 頠 , 젠 ⠠ 젠 젠 蠠 . 堠 ࠠ 蠠 , 堠 ⠠ 蠠 ࠠ , ⠠ 蠠  .

堠 ࠠ  蠠 젠 , 젠  , 젠 堠 젠 , ; 頠 頠  ; 젠 ꠠ , 蠠 ; 頠 . -, 頠 렠  ,  󠠠 , , ࠠ .

  堠 䠠 젠 ࠠ  頠 堠 㠠 堠 . 젠 젠 蠠 蠠 頠 蠠 蠠 ࠠ . 堠 蠠 ࠠ  , ꠠ ꠠ 堠 蠠 ࠠ 蠠 . 頠 ꠠ 砠   렠 젠 .   ⠠ 蠠  렠 ࠠ 젠 젠 , 젠 蠠  . 頠 頠  堠 ࠠ 蠠 , 堠 ⠠ 蠠  .  ࠠ 堠 蠠 砠 ࠠ 堠 ࠠ 젠 頠 頠 ࠠ 蠠 .

堠 堠 堠 堠 , -, 堠 . 렠   젠 蠠   ,   腻 ꠠ ꠠ 頠 ⠠ 1392 ., , , 頠 렠 ⠠ 1393 . 蠠 1394 . 堠 蠠 ࠠ 䠠  . 㠠 ࠠ  蠠 堠 , 蠠 㠠 蠠 . 蠠 , 堠 堠 , , ࠠ 젠 젠 頠 頠 . ꠠ 20젠 .. XV . 堠 ꠠ ࠠ 頠 頠 蠠  堠  ,  , ꠠ  ,  堠 . 頠 㠠 ꠠ , 堠 堠 ࠠ 20  腻 ⠠ 堠 XV . 堠 , 堠 ,   ,  ,  ࠠ  ࠠ 蠠  䠠 . 砠 ⠠  , 頠 , : ࠠ , ࠠ ࠠ 蠠 ࠠ 蠠 ; ࠠ ࠠ 堠 .

 ࠠ , 렠 堠 , 堠 . 軠 , ,  ,  񠠠 頠 ࠠ : ᠠ 젠 , :  ⠠ 젠 頠 蠠 젠 젠 蠠 堠 頠 젠 , 젠 , 젠 頠 堠 , 젠 젠 젠 . 𠠠 ⠠ ⠠ 堠 頠 , ⠠ 堠  堠 , ᠠ 蠠  .

頠 򠠠 堠 젠  ,  .

砠   堠 , , 蠠 젠 .

頠 ( ) (1314 1322, , 25 1392, - , ), , , , ( - ). , , . , . , , . . . . 18 .

, , , , . , . , , . 렠 1337 . , , . . , . , , , , , . -, , . , . 40 . 1354 , , . 1372 , , . . , . , , . : . 1382 () (), . 30 , 5 1422 , . 1452. 25 (8 ) 5 (18) .

蠠 . , 帠 ⠠ 堠 蠠 , ࠠ ࠠ , 蠠 젠 젠 , 蠠  ,  ࠠ 堠 . 頠 렠 頠 蠠 頠 XV ., ࠠ 頠 ࠠ ࠠ . 堠 頠 . 頠 ,  , , 蠠  頠 -ࠠ  , 젠 젠 젠 젠  . 렠 ⠠  젠 젠 젠 ࠠ 堠 堠 , 렠 ⠠ 蠠 񠠠 , 렠  񠠠 젠 , ࠠ    . 젠 , 頠 젠 젠 ⠠ 堠  . 蠠  蠠   , ꠠ 蠠 .

堠   젠 堠 ,  , 堠 ࠠ .   堠  , ⠠ 蠠 .

堠 ⠠ 蠠 ꠠ , ꠠ ⠠ 젠 堠 堠 堠 .

 ࠠ ⠠ 堠 . 렠 頠 , 렠 , 堠 , 󠠠  .

頠 頠 ࠠ XV ., ⠠  ࠠ 㠠 頠 蠠 ⠠  堠  頠 .

ʠ ɠ :

1. ࠠ ( . ru).

2. ( . . , 1890 1907).

3. .., 頠 , . 7, 蠠 . - ., 1966., . 248 255.

4. .., 頠 . ., 1972 ., . 176 183.

5. .., 頠 , . 5, . ., 1989 ., .154 158.

 蠠 蠠 頠 頠 . .. 頠 蠠

 

 

 

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