. , , ,

,,,

:

.

:

. 462901

..

:

..

2008


1

2

3

4 ר

5

6 Ȩ

7 Ȩ

8 ר ٨


. ( ), . . , , , , , .

, , ( ), . , , , . . HDTV .

. .. , .


1

, , , () . , , . (, , , , .) MPEG-2/DVB-S. ( Multicast), ( Unicast).

- -, . 1.1. , (). , . , f1fn, , , .

1.1

(), (), () . , (MMDS, MVDS .) (). (0,61,2 ). () - ().

,

, , (1.1)

r0 ; M , 5,976 ·1034 ; G , 6,67·10-11 ·2/2; T , 23 56 04 (86164 ).

(1.1) , FG, , F, , , .. FG = F.

35786 .

, . , , .

, , , 3,064 /c, . , , , . .  95 % ( 81,30 ).

. 250. . , 13 .. HotBird, 19,2 .. − Astra. , . , . , . 0,1º ( 70 ). (1060) (), . , --22 (80º ..), 29 .

, , . , , , . .

() . Eutelsat HotBird Sky Plex , . 612 - . 27, 33, 36, 42, 72 .

. . 50200 .

()

, , (1.3)

, ; g , ; . , .

( ) 3,44,2 4,54,8 (-) 10,712,75 (Ku-). - 10,711,7, 12,512,75 Ku- (). , . , . 100 , () , . , . () .

, 1 2, :

, /2, (1.4)

r , ; - , , ., .

11,712,5 Ku- (). . , , . 11,712,5 40 27 (33) . = 19,18 .

. ( ) . .

2

Hotbird 6/7A/8 "Alcatel". - , , , , , . Hotbird 6/7A/8 13 . Hotbird : , , , , , , . HotBird 6 2.1.


2.1 HotBird 6

Alcatel Space
Spacebus 3000B3
13 ..
2002 .
Ku- 28
Ka- 4
Ku- 115 , 130
Ka- 115

36
Ku- 52
Ka- 54
12,25

2.1

2.1 HotBird 6

2.2 -

, GHz

.


(SR)

FEC

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

 

Cyfra+ 10.719 V MPEG-2 Mdg 27500 3/4

 

British Telecom 10.723 H MPEG-2 29900 3/4

 

N 10.723 H MPEG-4 Cnx 29900 3/4

 

TPS 10.758 V MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4

 

AFN 10.775 H MPEG-2 PwV 28000 3/4

 

TPS 10.796 V MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4

 

Duna TV 10.813 H PAL

 

10.813 H AUDIO

 

Autonomia TV 10.83 H MPEG-2 3333 3/4

 

TPS 10.834 V MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4

 

T-Systems 10.853 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

TPS 10.873 V MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4

 

Cyfra+ 10.892 H MPEG-2 Mdg 27500 3/4

 

TPS 10.911 V MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4

 

Nova 10.93 H MPEG-2 Ird 27500 3/4

 

GlobeCast 10.949 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

RR Satellite Communications 10.971 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

RAI 10.992 V MPEG-2 Mdg 27500 2/3

 

RR Satellite Communications 11.013 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

GlobeCast 11.034 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

T-Systems 11.054 H MPEG-2 27500 5/6

 

Viacom 11.075 V MPEG-2 Crw 27500 3/4

 

MTV HD 11.075 V MPEG-4 Crw 27500 3/4

 

AFN 11.096 H MPEG-2 PwV 28000 3/4

 

GlobeCast 11.117 V MPEG-2 Nagr 27500 3/4

 

British Telecom 11.137 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

Cyfrowy Polsat 11.158 V MPEG-2 Nagr 27500 3/4

 

Telespazio 11.179 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

Network Teleport Italia 11.2 V MPEG-2 27500 5/6

 

Telespazio 11.179 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Network Teleport Italia 11.2 V MPEG-2 27500 5/6
Sky Italia 11.219 H MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 2/3
Eutelsat 11.24 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
N 11.258 H MPEG-4 Cnx 27500 2/3
N 11.258 H MPEG-4 Cnx 27500 2/3
Cyfra+ 11.278 V MPEG-4 Mdg 27500 2/3
Telespazio 11.296 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
TV 5 Monde Europe 11.32 V PAL
Mediaset 11.334 H MPEG-2 Mdg 27500 1/2
Sky Italia 11.355 V MPEG-4 Vdg 27500 2/3
Sky Italia 11.355 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 2/3
Telespazio 11.296 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
TV 5 Monde Europe 11.32 V PAL
Mediaset 11.334 H MPEG-2 Mdg 27500 1/2
Sky Italia 11.355 V MPEG-4 Vdg 27500 2/3
Sky Focus
Sky Italia 11.355 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 2/3
Sky Italia 11.355 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 2/3

 

Rete 4 11.373 H MPEG-2 Mdg 19636 2/3

 

Grupa ITI 11.393 V MPEG-2 Nagr 27500 3/4

 

Telecom Srbija 11.411 H MPEG-2 27500 5/6

 

Mediaset 11.432 V MPEG-2 27500 1/2

 

N 11.449 H MPEG-4 Cnx 27500 2/3

 

N 11.449 H MPEG-4 Cnx 27500 2/3

 

SatLink 11.47 V MPEG-2 27500 5/6

 

Cyfra+ 11.488 H MPEG-2 Mdg 27500 3/4

 

TVN 11.506 V PAL

 

TVN 11.523 V MPEG-4 Cnx 5000 7/8

 

SRG SSR 11.526 H MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4

 

M-Three satcom 11.541 V MPEG-2 22000 5/6

 

TBN Europe 11.566 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

GlobeCast 11.585 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

T-Systems 11.604 H MPEG-2 27500 5/6

 

GlobeCast 11.623 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

Bloomberg TV 11.642 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4

 

TPS 11.662 V MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4

 

AB Sat 11.681 H MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4
British Telecom 11.727 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Discovery Channel 11.727 V MPEG-4 Cnx 27500 3/4
SamaCom 11.747 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
RAI 11.766 V MPEG-2 27500 2/3
TSA 11.785 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
RAI 11.804 V MPEG-2 27500 2/3
Nova 11.823 H MPEG-2 Ird 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 11.843 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 11.862 H MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 11.881 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 11.9 H MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Mediaset 11.919 V MPEG-2 27500 2/3
Nova 11.938 H MPEG-2 Ird 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 11.958 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 11.977 H MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 11.996 V MPEG-4 Vdg 27500 2/3
Arabesque 12.015 H MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 12.034 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 12.054 H MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 12.073 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
TSA 12.092 H MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4
Telespazio 12.111 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Magyar 2 12.13 H MPEG-4 27500 3/4
Magyar 2 12.13 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Antenna Hungaria 12.149 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Nova 12.169 H MPEG-2 Ird 27500 3/4
Cyfrowy Polsat 12.188 V MPEG-2 Nagr 27500 3/4
RR Satellite Communications 12.207 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
VOA 12.226 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
GlobeCast 12.245 H MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4
Cyfrowy Polsat 12.265 H MPEG-2 Nagr 27500 3/4
Cyfrowy Polsat 12.265 H MPEG-4 Nagr 27500 3/4
Cyfrowy Polsat 12.284 H MPEG-2 Nagr 27500 3/4
Slovenian package 12.303 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Eutelsat 12.322 H MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 12.341 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
GlobeCast 12.36 H MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4
GlobeCast 12.38 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
HD Suisse 12.399 H MPEG-4 Via 27500 3/4
SRG SSR 12.399 H MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 12.418 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
IRIB 12.437 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 12.466 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Belgacom 12.476 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
OiV 12.52 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Eutelsat Skyplex 12.539 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Eutelsat Skyplex 12.558 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
GlobeCast 12.577 H MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4
GlobeCast 12.597 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 12.616 H MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 12.635 V MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4
Arabsat Package 12.654 H MPEG-2 27500 3/4
SNRT 12.673 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
AB Sat 12.692 H MPEG-2 Via 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 12.713 V MPEG-2 27500 3/4
Sky Italia 12.731 H MPEG-2 Vdg 27500 3/4

3

() : () . , , .

( 3.1) : - (); (); ; (); (); , ().

3.1

, , DVB-PCI-, () ().

, 10,712,75 .

, () . , , .

. , , . , . () . , . . - .

, , (3.1)

, , /; S , 2.

, 10,712,75 , , , 0,952,15 . . . () , , , , - PAL/SECAM. , . , .

− , - . . .

. (36 24 ) . 50 . . . .

, 0,952,15 . 10,712,75 , . . (0,50,8 ), (5060 ), (0,50,7 ) ( 55 1, 75 10 , 95 100 ).

n GaAs- (HEMT-). , ( ≤ 2). - QPSK . .

. , , .

( 3.2): () , (), (), (), (1 2), (), () (1) (2).

( ) 13 17 1, 1 2 . 1 13 1 . 17 2 .

3.2

1 2 13...15 . 3 . 10,7..12,75 , 7,69,65 . . - . , .

, . (ε≈3540), 13 . . 1 9,75 , 2 10,6 . 2 ( ) 22 . 1 10,7...11,9 0,95...2,15 . 22 0,7 2 11,5...12,75 ( 3.3). 3035 1 . , (5 ) 13 17 .

3.3

, Δf = 12,7510,7=2,05 Δf = 2,150,95 = 1,2 . 40 Δf = 1,2 30 180270 - (6−9 ).

50 . , (. 3.1).

, (3.2)

, (3.3)

n.. , .

, (3.2) (3.3) .., n n :

, (3.4)

, , (3.5)

α (/) (f = 2,15 ). μ 0,030,07, 37 % - .

(n = 0,8 , .. = 50 , n = 10 , μ = 0,05, α = 0,3 /), (3.4) (3.5), 20 , − 66 . , . 10 ( = 50 ) 33 ( α = 0,3 /).

- . .

. , , , , . MPEG-2. ( MMDS, LMDS, MVDS), , , . (6−8 - ) .

- . (Set Top Boxes), DVB-PCI. , , , , V22bis, . DVB-PCI . . DVB-PCI- . Vision Plus VP-1030A rev.4.0 Skystar 2 rev.2.6B.

, 3.4 .

3.4

, , QPSK- . -, , , , . , , , . , , , .

- ( 8 ). , , . 3.5. (0,952,15 ) (), , () f2 = 480 ( 3.6). -65-35 , , - . 10 .

, . f2 , , a ≥ 40 ( 3.7). , , 2 f2. .


3.5

3.6 −

1,432,63 , () . , . f., f. − , 2,63 1,43 . 10-5.

3.7

f2 (), Δf ( 36 ), .

() (). f2 . f2 , . f2. , .

QPSK - I Q . f2 - ( ) -. QPSK- , - , . - , ( ) .

, . . . () . α . α, . α . (5.2) B = 27,5 ./ α = 0,28 B(1+α)/2 17,6 . 0,5 .

. I Q 0,2 .

8- 3- . . , , .

, 1 0 . , . , ( ), . 8- 2 . 0,25 , .

, (FEC Forward Error Correction) . ( 3.6): , , , , , . . R, P . R (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 7/8) . R . .

, , , - . . . 187 .

- (204, 188, t = 8) . , , . 8 204 .

, . .

, /. (3.6)

188 (DEMUX), , . , .

SI, . SI 3.9.

PID = 0, 188 , PAT. , , . PID = 16, NIT. ETSI (Network_id) , ( , , , , , ). PID = 1 CAT, .

3.9 −

PID = PX PMT. , (, , ), , PID, PID , (PCR) . PID , MPEG-2, Musicam RS-232. .

, , , () , . . PID, CAT PMT, . , , , . , , , . ( , .), , .

DEMUX ( 8- 13- ) : /, .

MPEG-2 , I-, P- -. , , , . , . , MPEG-2 . , . SECAM, .

: , , , .

(Y) (CR, CB). PAL (SECAM) R, G, B (CVBS) . 25 13,5 .

Musicam , . 1 . , , .

- -. () (. 7.6) .

() (). , , - , . , , -, . . , , PAL/SECAM. . , .

4 ר

. ψ=53,700 .., φ=23,800 .. HotBird 6/7A (130 ..)

- () . - , () -. (), . , . .

.

, , ε = 8º. , :

, 䠠 (4.1)

, 䠠 (4.2)

(4.3)

= 6370 - ;

= 35786 - ;

a e=e.

( ), :

, 䠠 (4.4)

0, () . , , , .

, :

, (4.5)

4.1

, ε = ε = 23,80 ..).

, 䠠 (4.6)

, 䠠 (4.7)

5. ε :

, 䠠 (4.8)

, (4.9)

4.2 - /2 , /2 ε

HotBird 6/7A.

, (φ = 13)

, 䠠 (4.10)

,䠠 (4.11)

ε ≤ 35, :

, 䠠 (4.12)

β Δβ . () . .

, 䠠 (4.13)

,

- , .

, .


4.3 - β Δβ

.

4.4 -

, .4 :

, 䠠 (4.14)

, 䠠 (4.15)

, 䠠 (4.16)

:

, 䠠 (4.17)

:

, 䠠 (4.18)

:

, 䠠 (4.19)

4.5 -

:

(4.20)

5

. (y = 53,7 .. j = 23,8 ..) HotBird 6/7A (j = 13 ..) 10,712,75 . = 0,1 %. , =27,92. 2jS q0,5 = 0,2. q = 10. d/l = 0,03. R = 6370 , = 35786 , = 0,1511.

( R = 6370 , = 35786 ):

, . (5.1)

. .. (5.2)

.

.


蠠 (fp=12,7 ):

, . (5.3)

, :

, . (5.4)

:

, . (5.5)

- :


, . (5.6)

:

, . (5.7)

:

, . (5.8)

.

- () . HotBird 6/7A (j = 13 ..) . = 51 .

,

, /2.

() , - :

, . (5.10)

, ( = 260 ):

, . (5.11)

.

, (d = 1,2):

, . (5.12)

, :

, . (5.13)

.

, - :

, . (5.14)

:

, . (5.15)

6 Ȩ

(. 6.1). θ , .

A Δβi, , , :


,, (6.1)

i- .

Dbi .

Dbi =13 .. 13,317 .

li A .

( 6.1) l = 80.

, :

, ; (6.2)

, ,.. (6.3)

hi i- , .

h = 45 h1 = 0,546 .

6.1

6.2

, , , , -

, , (6.4)

, , .

, , − . 6.1 χ = 40. , , j.. = 10,269 ..

. μ=0,04, n.. = 0,5, K = 55 , n.. = 10 :

,. (6.5)

SAT 703. α = 0,254 /, a = 3,0 . :

,. (6.6)

, , .

h = 30 . . . l = 20.


7 Ȩ

(0 = 290 ):

, . (7.1)

, , . = 0,25 :

, . (7.2)

BC ΔF = ΔF (BC = 27,5 ./, DF = 36 ):

. (7.3)

(R = 3/4 R = 188/204):

. (7.4)

=0,691

( = 4):

, /. (7.5)

, /. (7.6)

B0 (. = 10-5):

. (7.7)

:

=; (7.8)

(7.9)

, .:

(7.10)

:

, . (7.11)

7.12 ((δ/λ) = 0,003, Δg = 1,0 ):

, . (7.12)

f (f = 12,25 , 0,65):

, . (7.13)

SUPRAL () Supral 0,7 700750 , , 11,3 .

:

, 䠠 (7.14)

D d , 700 750 .

θ1 θ2 :

, ; (7.15)

, . (7.16)

θ1 = 2,631; θ2 =2,323.

D. D.,

:

, /; (7.17)

,/.

D. = 11,849 / D. = 9,29 /.

:

, . (7.19)

() :

, . (7.20)

, ( ΔρΣ = 2,4 ):

, .

:

(7.22)

:

, . (7.23)

, R , 75 :

, . (7.24)

.

8 ר ٨

: 1 Astra 1F (φ1 = 19,2 ..) 1 = 48 2 Eurobird 9 (φ2 = 9..) c 2 = 50 .

φMJ , :

,. (8.1)

1 Δβ 1 = 5,7, 2 Δβ 2 = 18,15.

:

, . (8.2)

Q1 = 7,616, Q2 = 4,834

Δg(Q1) :

, 1 < < 48 (8.3)

Δg(Q1) = 28,942 , Δg(Q2) = 24,008 .

:


, . (8.4)

Δ1 = 3 , Δ2 = 1.

:

, .

a∑1 = 0,013 , Δa∑2 = -0,014 .

LJ .

LJ = 0. LJ 68 . LJ = 1,5 .

L1= L2=0.

:

, . (8.7)

1 = 31,956 , 2 = 24,994 .

:

, . (8.8)

:

, . (8.9)

:

, . (8.10)

R٠ ³ 21 . > 0, , .

:

=0,014, . (8.11)

ΔrϠ ΔρΣ. 0,014 < 1,541, .


. . HotBird 6/7A.

, , , .


1. .. , .. . .: , 2006. 135 .: .

2. www.telesputnik.ru

3. www.truehd.ru

4. www.625.ru

5. www.broadcasting.ru

6. www.gs.ru

 

 

 

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. , :