. , , ,

,,,

-

. ..

,

:

:

:

II ;

230

:

.

..

:

..

.

2007


I.

1.1 .

1.2

1.3

II.

2.1

2.2


, .. , . "" , . "" , , . , , , .

, . , , . , .

. . , , , . , .

: . :

1) , .

2) .

3) , .


I.

 

1.1 .

, n- , .

. - .

.

. 1940- , , ,

.


i = 1, 2, 3, . . ., m..

xi , , ( f).

"" "" .

 

1.2

: ; , . . xij i- j- . : x ij ≥ 0, x ij ≤ 1, , , . , . , 1, , .

. ( ), . 2 : . , ( ) , ( , ). xi , i- . , , ci i- . , . f .

. . 2 : , , m , f(x) .

, , .

, n m . i , ai, bj . ( cij i- j- ). . xij , i- j- .

.

: , .

A . 1 n, 1 m. aij , ( − aij) (i , , j ). . i pi. : , , , (), . c .

 

1.3

-

. -, .

. ,

:

(1)

-


, - i, .

(3) x. , ,

 

, , . (3) .

, -- ,

, , , -

2)

 

, ,

. , . . -, . . x = x1, x2, . . ., xn . , , x, .. x = (xB, xN ).

:

(3)

, , .. - . (5)

4)

 

:

(6)

5)

 


,

? (5) , ,

.

, -

:

                     ;

                     , .

- :

- , -- , :


- - :

6)

-- , (6). ,

, ( ), .

- , AB β. λ > 0 δcx < 0, .

, , . , , , , .. .

, .. .

(n = 2). ( ), n m 2, . . n m = 2.

ABCDE (. 1). , F=c1x1+c2x2 ( ) .

F, . . a, .. F = a,

c1x1+c2x2 = (1)

, , , , = . . .

- , . , , . . ( ) ().

. , F ( ) ( ) .

(1) .

, c1 c2 , . , F , .

, , .

:

F=c1x1 + c2x2 = 1 (I)

F=c1x1 + c2x2 = 2 (II)

F=c1x1 + c2x2 = 3 (III)

II I III. 1 < 2 < 3 1 > 2 > 3.

, ( . 2) , , , .

, . , ( F=c1x1 + c2x2, . . , ). , , , . , , ( . 1 ).

II.

 

2.1

. 60 , 80 . , 50 , 90 . ( ) , , 1 7 , 9 , 10 , 8 .

:

1, 2 , , , 3, , , . , :

 


1 + 2 = 60;

3 + 4 = 80; (1)

1 + 3 = 50;

2 + 4 = 90.

, , . :

i ≥ 0, i = 1, . ., 4, (2)


, . :

f = 71 + 9 2 + 10 3 + 8 4. (3)

, : i (i = 1, . ., 4), (2), (3) (3).

(1) , , . :

1 + 2 = 60;

3 + 4 = 80; (4)

3 = 50 - 1;

4 = 90 - 2.

(2) , (4) :

1 ≥ 0, 2 ≥ 0, 50 - 1 ≥ 0, 90 - 2 ≥ 0.

:

0 1 ≤ 50, 0 2 ≤ 90. (5)

. 1 2 , f. (3) (4)

f = 71 + 9 2 + 10(50 - 1) + 8(90 - 2);

f = -31 + 2 + 1220.

, 1; . (5) 1= 50, , 2 = 60 - 1 = 10. (4):

3 = 50 - 1 =50 50 = 0, 4 = 90 - 2 = 90 10 = 80.

:

 

f = 7*50 + 9*10 + 10*0 + 8*80 = 350 + 90 + 0 + 640 = 1080.

, f = 1080.

. ( ).

 


2.2

. .

,

A B

,
I 2 4 300
II 4 4 120
III 1 2 252
, . . 30 40

, , , .

.

1 2 , . (12 1 +4 2) I, (41 +42) II, (31 +122) III. I, II, III , :

121 +42 ≤ 300; 31 + 2 ≤ 75;

41 +42 ≤ 120; 蠠 1 + 2 ≤ 30; (6)

31 +122 ≤ 252. 1 +42 ≤ 84.

1 ≥ 0, 2 ≥ 0. (7)

301 40 2 , : F = 301 +40 2 (8)

:

1

. + , ≤ .

:

31 +2 + 3 ≤ 75;

1 +2 + 4 ≤ 30; (9)

1 + 42 + 5 ≤ 84.

. , 3, 4, 5 , .

I .

: 3, 4, 5.

: 1, 2. .

:

3 = 75 - 31 - 2 ;

4 = 30 1 - 2; (10)

5 = 84 - 1 - 42.

, 1 = 0, 2 = 0, 1 = (0, 0, 75, 30, 84), . , , . :

F = 301 + 402 .

1 F(1). , F , F . , , , , . . F , 1 2 F +. , , 2. (10) 2 . , , ( 1 = 0 ):

3 = 75 - 2 ≥ 0; 2 ≤ 75;

4 = 30 - 2 ≥ 0; ࠠ 2 ≤ 30;

5 = 84 - 42 ≥ 0; 2 ≤ 84.

, 2, . 2 , .

, , . 2 2 = min {75, 30, 84/4} = 84/4 = 21. 2 = 21 = 0 .

, , ( , ), . .

II .

: 2, 3, 4.

: 1, . .

, ( 2 ) :

 

2 = (84 - 1 - 5)/4;

3 = 75 - 3 1 - 84/4 + 1/4 + 5/4;

4 = 30 - 1 - 84/4 + 1 /4 + 5/4;

2 =21 0,25 1 - 0,255;

=54 - 2,751 + 0,255;

=9 - 0,751 + 0,255.

2 = (0, 21, 54, 9, 0 ) .

, :

F = 301 + 40 (84 - 1 - 5)/4 = 840 + 201 - 105

F2 = F(X2) = 840.

, ( 1 = 0 ):

2 =21 - 0,255 ≥ 0; 5 ≤ 84;

3 =54 + 0,255 ≥ 0; ࠠ 5 ≤ -216; (11)

4 =9 + 0,255 ≥ 0. 5 ≤ -36 .

1, F . (11) 5 :

5 = min {84, -216,-36} = -36 .

5 = -36 4 = 0 .

.

III .

: 1, 2, 3.

: 4, 5.

:

1= 12 4/34 + 1/35;

2 = 18 + 1/34 - 1/35;

3 = 21 + 11/34 - 11/35.

3 = (12, 18, 21, 0, 0) .

:

F = 30(12 4/34 + 1/35) + 40(18 + 1/34 - 1/35) = 1080 80/34 - 10/35.


F3 = F(X3) = 1080.

, F3 = F(X3) = 1080 . F , , X3 . .

1080 . . 12 1(1=12) 2( 2=18). 3, 4, 5.

, . 4 = 5 = 0, S2 S3 , S1 = 21.

: 1080 . .

2

(. 1)

F = 301 + 402 max :

31 + 2 ≤ 75, (I)

1 + 2 ≤ 30, (II) (12)

1 +42 ≤ 84, (III), 1 ≥ 0, 2 ≥ 0, 2 1

 

.

.

II

 

I

 


 

 

 
, , F. (12), , , I II, :

31 + 2 ≤ 75, 1 = 12,

1 + 2 ≤ 30, 蠠 2 = 18., . . (12, 18)

:

Fmax= 30*12 + 40*18 = 1080.

, Fmax = 1080 1 = 12, 2 = 18, . . 1080 . . 12 18 . : Fmax = 1080.


() , .

, , . n .

. , , , . , . , , , . , ( , ..) .

. , , . , , ..

. .. , :

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :