. , , ,

,,,

- , - — ,

, , , ,

- (multi-agent), , . Web F-SMILE . , Web F-SMILE /. (Learner Modelling Server). , , . -. - , , , . , , , , , , .

(computer assisted learning), , -, , . , , , - (human tutor). , (educational applications), -, - , (student), (educational application). , , .

, (educational software technologies), (personalising tutoring). , () (Intelligent Tutoring Systems, ITSs) () (Intelligent Learning Environments,ILEs) , , (learner modelling components). , (Sison & Simura, 1998). , , () (Intelligent Tutoring System, ITS), () (Intelligent Learning Environment, ILE), , (intelligent collaborative learner) (McCalla, 1992).

/, , , , , . , (Rich) (1999) . , . , / .. (the users beliefs) (at a very specific time) (output of the reasoning of the system). .

() (Intelligent Tutoring Systems, ITSs) ( ) . (ITSs) , ( ) . .. , . .. , , () () . , , . , , . , (student model) , , .

, , -, (tutoring systems), , , , .

, , -, , ( Alpert ., 1999; Warendorf & Tan, 1997; Okazaki ., 1996; Brusilovsky ., 1996; Ritter, 1997; Nakabayashi ., 1997). Web F-SMILE (Web File-Store Manipulation Intelligent Learning Environment - ), (personalised learning system), . , Web F-SMILE GUI ( ), , Windows Explorer ( Windows). , , . , , (self-contained, modular applications), , . , , , , WSDL (Web Service Definition Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration). , , , , , , .

(architectural patterns) . , , . Web F-SMILE , (personalised tutoring) .

Java ADIS (Warendorf & Tan, 1997). Java , URL. , (student model) . (learner) , ADIS - , (learner model).

- , , , (Elliot) (1997). , . Java , , , . (socket connection) . , , , (manual message parsing). , XML (eXtensible Markup Language = ) , . - , (communication protocol), . , , , () , (firewall), , , . , SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) . , , (learner model) . (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) (, - ..).

, , (Web-enabled), - HTML-CGI. , WITS (Okazaki ., 1996), ELM-ART (Brusilovsky ., 1996), PAT Online (Ritter, 1997), CALAT (Nakabayashi ., 1997) AlgeBrain (Alpert ., 1999). (). , , , CGI (Common Gateway Interface) . CGI (student model) . (constraining features), . CGI (stateless) (resulting) (cumbersome), (standalone) . , , () . XML, , (structuring complex data) (Papadakis & Chrissikopoulos, 2000). , , HTML-CGI , , , (Kuno & Sahai, 2002).

, WSDL (Web Services Description Language - ) , , UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration = ) UDDI . , , (underlying platforms). , Tsalgatidou & Pilioura (2002), - , , , , (just-in-time integration).

, , (web-based educational systems) (Okazaki ., 1996, López ., 1998, Brusilovsky ., 1996, Ritter, 1997, Machado ., 1999) (student model) , (instructional decisions) .

Web F-SMILE . , , , Web F-SMILE , , , . , (learning environment) - . Web F-SMILE , Web F-SMILE (learner models) ; , . DCG (Vassileva, 1997), : DCG Java , / (student model) . , (student) . , . , . Web F-SMILE . , online, , .

Web F-SMILE (intelligent learning environment) (GUI, Graphical User Interface) , , Windows 98/NT (Windows 98/NT Explorer) (Microsoft Corporation, 1998). , . Web F-SMILE (agents) () , (spontaneous and individualized advice and tutoring) . (learner model). , (Web-based application), (standalone application), . , (Learner Modelling Server) , . , . (learner models), , , , , , . , .

Web F-SMILE (agents) . , , , . , , . , (self-contained), , , .

. 1:

, Web F-SMILE, 1. .1. . . ( / ).

(A:\importantLetters\)

(C:\My Documents\)

Web F-SMILE: .

: (C:\My Documents\)

: , .

(C:\My Documents\)

(A:\)

1: Web F-SMILE

importantLetters, ( 1). , , , () . Web F-SMILE , , , -. , , , . , , (learner model). Web F-SMILE , , (C:\My Documents\), . , , . .

, (produces additional tutoring) , / . (learner model) , () . , 3. 4 , . , / 2 .

-

Web F-SMILE - (multi-agent). - (agents), , - (Lesser, 1995). (agents) -, (agents). (breakdown of complexity) (El-Beltagy ., 1999).

Web F-SMILE , : () (Short Term Learner Modelling (STLM) Agent), () (Long Term Learner Modelling (LTLM) Agent), (Advising Agent), (Tutoring Agent) (Speech-driven Agent). Web F-SMILE . 2, (agents) (domain representation). , , . , , . (agents) .

, , , , . () (cognitive state), . , , . (analysis engine) , . (limited goal recognition mechanism) (Human Plausible Reasoning theory, HPR theory) (Collins & Michalski, 1989). , . , , , () . Web F-SMILE, HPR (help system) (Virvou & Kabassi, 2002) (command language interface) (Virvou & Du Boulay, 1999).

HPR , , . , (Advising Agent), , . (Advising Agent) (Virvou & Kabassi, 2001) , - (human tutor), , .

, , - , (Tutoring Agent) . (Tutoring Agent) , . (Advising and the Tutoring Agent) . , / . (Advising and the Tutoring Agent) , .

, . , ( ) , . , : (1) , (case adaptation) (2) , (Brusilovsky, 1996). , -. Web F-SMILE , (file-store) . (Tutoring Agent) , . , , (adaptive link annotation techniques) , .

(Advising Agent) (Tutoring Agent) (Speech-driven Agent), . (Speech-driven Agent) . , (systems advice to the learner) (Speech-driven Agent) (characters) , . , , (Johnson ., 2000). (Speech-driven Agent) . , , . (the particular agent) - .


2: Web F-SMILE

, , , . , , (learner profiles) , , . , WS-LM (Web Service Learner Modelling Server - - ), , , , Web Service Server ( ).

Web F-SMILE , . , , , . , Web F-SMILE (standalone application) . . , . , , , . , , .

, Web Service Learner Modelling (WS-LM) Server , . WS-LM, , , , . - , . , -, , , , .

, , , , . , . . , , , DCG (Vassileva, 1997). , DCG , , . Web F-SMILE , , .

, , , . , , , , . Web F-SMILE , , , . , , , , . , , , .

, . , ( , ), .

, Web F-SMILE, , . , , . , , . , Rich (1989; 1999), , ; , , , .

Web F-SMILE , : , . . , , - . , - , - . , , : .

, . , , . . . , , , , . , , . , Web F-SMILE , Web F-SMILE , .

, Web F-SMILE, , . HPR ( - Human Plausible Reasoning theory). , , , , . , , , , . , , . , , , , .

, , / (GUIs), / .. , .

, , . , . , . , , , . , , , .

, , , . , , , , . , , , . , , , .

WS-LM . .2 . SOAP ( HTTP), , , WS-LM. , , , / . . , : , , , , XML .

URL , , , . , WS-LM. , , WS-LM , WS-LM , . , , , . , , , Web F-SMILE (standalone application). , . , Web F-SMILE , . ( ), , , , . ( - LMDB). , XML ( ).


.2: WS-LM

, , , , Web F-SMILE. . . , ; , , Web F-SMILE . DM . DM .

- (multi-agent) (learning environment), (file store). (protected mode) , , . , . , , / .

(standalone applications) , . Web F-SMILE . , , - , . Web F-SMILE (WS-LM). WS-LM . , Web F-SMILE WS-LM, - , Web F-SMILE. , Web F-SMILE , - .

, . , , , .

Alpert, S.R., Singley, M.K. & Fairweather P.G. (1999). Deploying Intelligent Tutors on the Web: An Architecture and an Example. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 10, 183-197.

Brusilovsky, P. (1996). Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia. User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction, 6(2-3), 87-129.

Brusilovsky, P., Ritter, S. & Schwarz, E. (1996). ELM-ART: An Intelligent Tutoring System on World Wide Web. In C. Frasson, G. Gautier & A. Lesgold (eds.) Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Third International Conference, ITS'96, Berlin: Springer, 261-269.

Collins, A. & Michalski, R. (1989). The Logic of Plausible Reasoning: A core Theory, Cognitive Science, 13, 1-49

El-Beltagy, S., De Roure, D. & Hall W. (1999). A Multiagent system for Navigation Assistance and Information Finding. In Proceedings of the 4 International Conference on the Practical Applications of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology, 281-295.

Elliot, C. (1997). Implementing Web-based intelligent tutors. In Proceedings of the workshop "Adaptive Systems and User Modelling on the World Wide Web", Sixth International conference on User Modelling.

Johnson, W.L., Rickel, J.W. & Lester, J.C. (2000). Animated Pedagogical Agents: Face-to-Face Interaction in Interactive Learning Environments. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 11, 47-78

Kuno, H. & Sahai, A. (2002). My Agent Wants to Talk to Your Service: Personalizing Web Services through Agents. HPL-2002-114. HP Labs Technical Report.

Lesser V. (1995). Multiagent Systems: An Emerging Subdiscipline of AI. ACM Computing Surveys, 27 (3), 340-342.

McCalla, G. (1992). The central importance of student modelling to intelligent tutoring. In E. Costa (Ed.) New Directions for Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Windows 98 Resource Kit, Microsoft Press, 1998.

Nakabayashi, K., Maruyama, M., Koike, Y., Kato, Y., Touhei, H. & Fukuhara, Y. (1997). Architecture of an Intelligent Tutoring System on the WWW. In Proceedings of AIED' 97, the Eighth World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 39-46.

Okazaki, Y., Watanabe, K. & Kondo, H. (1996). An Implementation of an intelligent tutoring system on the World-Wide Web. Educational Technology Research, 19 (1), 35-44.

Papadakis, I. & Chrissikopoulos, V. (2000). A Digital Library Framework based on

XML. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Asian Digital

Library - ICADL '00, 81-88.

Rich, E. (1989). Stereotypes and User Modeling. In Kobsa, A. & Wahlster, W. (eds.) User Models in Dialog Systems, 199-214.

Rich, E. (1999). Users are individuals: individualizing user models. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 51, 323-338.

Ritter, S. (1997). PAT Online: A model-tracing tutor on the World-Wide Web. In Brusilovsky, P., Nakabayashi, K. & Ritter S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the workshop "Intelligent Educational Systems on the World Wide Web 8th World Conference of the AIED Society, 11-17.

Sison, R. & Shimura, M. (1998). Student Modeling and Machine Learning. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 9, 128-158.

Tsalgatidou, A. & Pilioura, T. (2002). An Overview of Standards and Related Technology in Web Services. Distributed and Parallel Databases, 12, 135-162.

Vassileva, J. (1997). Dynamic Courseware Generation, Communication and Information Technologies, 5 (2), 87-102.

Virvou, M. & Du Boulay, B. (1999) Human Plausible Reasoning for Intelligent Help, User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 9, 321-375.

Virvou, M. & Kabassi, K. (2001). Evaluation of the advice generator of an intelligent learning environment. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2001), IEEE Computer Society, 339-342.

Virvou, M. & Kabassi, K. (2002). Reasoning about Users Actions in a Graphical User Interface. Human-Computer Interaction, 17(4), 369-399.

Warendorf, K. & Tan, C. (1997). ADIS-An animated data structure intelligent tutoring system or Putting an interactive tutor on the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the workshop "Intelligent Educational Systems on the World Wide Web 8th World Conference of the AIED Society.

, , , , - (multi-agent), , . Web F-SMILE

 

 

 

! , , , .
. , :