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α = + i + j + dk = + u.
= i j dk = u, α , α. , .
α .
α= ( + u) ( u) = 2 + u u u2 = a2 + (u, u) [u, u] = 2 + (u, u) = 2 + 2 + 2 + d2.
, α ≠0, α>0. , α=α.
() α . , , 0 α . , , α . , R . , , R, a2 + b2 + d2 ≠ 0 α ≠0 , , C .
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, α = + u, β = + v, , R, u v -. αβ = b + v + u + vu = ab (uv) + av + bu + [u, v].
, = b ub + vu = b (u, v) v bu + [v, u] = b (u, v) v bu [u, v] = αβ.
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α = 1 b1i c1j d1k, β = 2 2i 2j d2k ,
αβ=a1a2+b1b2+c1c2-d1d2+(1b2-1a2-1d2+d1c2) i+(1c2+b1d2-1a2-d1b2) j+(1a2-1c2+1b2-d1a2) k.
:
(12+12+12+d12) (22+22+22+d22)=(1a2+b1b2+1c2+d1d2)2+(1b2-b1a2-1d2+d1c2)2+(1c2-b1d2-1a2-d1b2)2+(1d2-b1c2+1b2-d1a2)2,
4 . ( ) 8 . , n , n = 2,4,8 n = 1, .
u, v, w , , i, j, k. υ2 = v2 = ω2 = -1. , υv = vυ + [υ, v] = [υ, v] = ω. , , i, j, k. , vυ = -ω; vω = -ωv = υ; ωυ = -υω = ω. , υ, v, ω i, j, k. , 1→1, i→υ, j→v, k→ω , , . , i, j, k υ, v, ω, , , , 2 , .
.
, υ, v, ω φ- i, j, k . υ2 = v2 = ω2 = -1; vυ = -υv = ω; vω = -ωv = υ ωυ = -υω = v. υ2 = 1 , . , υ = + υ1, υ. -1 = υ2 = 2 + 2υ1 - , 2υ1= 0. , υ1= 0, 1 = 2, . υ ≠ 0, , = , . υ v . , , υv = ω 0, , υ v . υ, ω ω, υ, υ, v, ω . i, j, k, υv = ω, vυ = ω.
α . →α-1α , , . α=+υ0, α. , = sφ, = sinφ, 0≤φ≤. α = cosφ + υsinφ, υ ( α = -1, υ0 = 0 υ ).
v - , υ, v, ω = υv. , →α-1α υ, v, ω. , α υ , α -1υα = υ.
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α-1= cosφ-υsinφ; α=cosφ+υsinφ;
α-1vα=(cosφ-υsinφ) v (cosφ+υsinφ)=(vcosφ-ωsinφ) (cosφ+υsinφ)=
=vcos2φ-ωsinφcosφ+vυsinφcosφ-ωυ2sinφ=v (cos2φ-sin2φ)-2ωsinφcosφ=vcos2φ-ωsin2φ;
α -1ωα =(ωcosφ+vsinφ) (cosφ+υsinφ)=vsin2φ+vcos2φ.
, →α-1α υ 2φ , v ω ( v ω), , , υ, 2φ. , , →α-1α .
, →α-1α , .
α →α-1α, .
. →α-1α , , , . .
, α = + bi + j + dk , α-1α = , , .., α = α. = i, = d = 0, , = j,
b = d = 0.
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6. - S0 (m, n) n- , , S0 (1,4) S0 (2,3) (de Sitter) [8], [810]. , . . . . , [7] , , , -, -. [6] 10- . . (18641909), . (18531928). , , , - [6, 8].
1. .. . / . . .. . .: . 1965. 539 .
2. Hamilton W.R. On quaternions; or on a new system of imaginaries in algebra. Philos. Mag., 1844, v. 25. P.1013.
3. .. . , 1895. .. . . . .: , 1950.
4. .. . ., , . . - ., 1978.
5. .., .. . .: , 1973. 144 .
6. .. . .: , 1986. 120 .
7. .. . . .: . 2006. 289 c.
8. .., .. // 1, 2009. . 7580.
9. .., .. -- / . 609984. 06.09.84 . : . 1984. 33 . (Lev F.M. and Mirmovich E.G., VINITI No 6099 Dep.; Lev F.M. A possible mechanism of gravity Artwork Conversion Software Inc., 1201 Morningside Drive, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266, USA. arXiv:hep-th/0307087 v1 9 Jul 2003).
10. .. : , // . .: . .. . 1. 2004. . 112122 (www.hypercomplex.ru).
11. .. - // . 1 (7). 2007. . 133140.
12. .., .., .. . : . 1989. 211 c.
13. .. : . .: . I / . .. . .: . . 2006. . 142.
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