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Windows — ,

1    .

2    Windows ( 1.0 3.1).

2.1  Windows 1.0 3.0.

2.2  Windows 3.1.

3    Windows.

3.1 Windows 95.

3.2 Windows 95 OSR2.

3.3 Windows 98

3.4 Windows 98. SE.

3.5 Windows ME.

4 Windows .

4.1 Windows 3.11 for Workgroups.

4.2       Windows NT 3.1

4.3       Windows NT 3.51

4.4       Windows NT 4.0

4.5       Windows 2000 (NT 5.0)

5 .

1.   .

, Windows, , , MS-DOS. , Microsoft. Windows Apple Macintosh, (MacOs), , MS-DOS. , Windows, IBM- . , ( ), Norton Commander Symantec. , , . , Windows Norton, Norton , , .

2.   Windows.

2.1       Windows 1.0 3.0.

, Windows 1.0 1983 . Microsoft, , 1984 90% MS-DOS Windows. : 1984 Windows . , Microsoft . 1985 , Windows 1.0 . , . . , Windows 1.0. , , DOS, . Windows , / DOS. . 3.0, Windows 3.1. File Manager ( ). , Windows 1.0 , - Internet, . 1987, 1988 Windows / 286 Windows / 386 ( Windows 2.x). , Intel. () 640 ( ). .

1990 Windows 3.0. 640 , (Expanded mode), (Real mode) . , , Windows , DOS. , , Windows 3.0 1990 386-, ( 1 ) 486- . , , Windows 3.1.

2.2 Windows 3.1.

1992 Windows 3.1. Windows (, Windows 95). ? Microsoft ( 1992 286- ), . 32- , . / DOS, Windows. , , . -, Windows, DOS , . -, . , , , Windows-. , . SVGA DOS . -, Windows 3.1 Drag & Drop ( ) OLE (Object Linking and Embading ). (, , , ). API (Application Program Interface ) , Р . , , Windows 3.1 .

Windows 3.1, Microsoft : , ( 1995 ). . Windows 9x, , Windows NT , ( ).

Windows .

3 Windows.

3.1 Windows 95.

1994 , Microsoft . - , Windows 4.0 (, Windows 9x , , ), , , ( ) Windows 95. API, , , DOS. , Windows 3.1 Windows NT ( ), . , 32 , 16 286- .

1995 . , , 40 Windows 95. ?

Windows 95 :

386DX ( 486DX).

Ӡ - 4 ( 12 ).

100 ( 200 ).

VGA - 640*480 16 ( 256 75 ).

, (, Microsoft Office), ( )

3.5 , -.

Windows 95 32- ( , 100% 32- , .. 16-). , 3.1 ( , .. Windows 98 1988 , 3.0), - Windows NT. 32 , , Windows 95 ( ). API , , Windows. Windows 95 (), , , DirectX. , , . DirectX Windows 95. DirectDraw ( , ) DirectSound ( ). DirectX ( 8.0, 2000 ) , Direct3D ( API, 3- ), DirectSound3D( API A3D Aureal, : , 4 ), DirectPlay ( API, , Internet ) . Windows 95, . , 1997 MS-DOS Windows 3.x . (Registry). . , system.dat , ( ). , ( RegEdit.exe) , . , , ( , ܠ ). . , . ( , , ). , , (, , ), . DMA ( Ultra DMA 100). ( , , ). Plug and Play ( --). , , , (Windows , ). , (, , .). , Windows 95 , Macintosh ( Microsoft Apple). Microsoft Plus! ( DirectX, ), ( 16 , , , ), ( , Internet ). , ( IBM P) , , (, ). PC .

, , , , . , Microsoft, Windows 95 , , . , Intel, AMD Cyrix, . ( Internet- , Windows, , ). Microsoft . ( Microsoft Service Packs), . Windows 95 OSR 2 .

3.2 Windows 95 OSR 2.

Windows 95, , Windows (Windows 96, Cairo ). , Windows 9x, . , , , Windows NT 4.0 Windows 2000. , Microsoft , , Windows 95. . -, , Windows 95 . -, Windows 95, - Internet, , , . Microsoft 1996 Windows 95 OSR 2 (Operation System Release 2). .

, Windows 95 ( , ). -, , ( ) , , . Internet Internet Explorer 3.0 , Internet Explorer , , (, , web- Microsoft http://www.microsoft.ru/). , , OSR 2 FAT 32 (File Allocation Table ). .

, , (, 2 2 ). .

space = ((size div clsize) + 1)*clsize. : Space , size , clsize , div . , , -, , -, , . , , , , . , ( ). , , FAT ( ) . , , , FAT . , ( NTFS) , , , , [] . , , FAT 16 64 . , 100000 100 . , 10 , 6.4 !!! . , 1996 9 ( 3000 $), , 512 . , (, ). . . 2 FAT 32. FAT, , 12.1 8 . , , 1 200 ! Windows 95 OSR 2 FAT 32.

. , FAT 32 , . . , , . , , , , , Windows NT.

3.3 Windows 98.

. . 1997 Intel Pentium II ( Pentium Pro, 蠠 MMX), Intel i440LX ( Pentium II 233-333 ) AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port ), ( ) ( 528 /). , AGP . , , , . Windows 95 OSR 2 OSR 2.1 , AGP, USB(Universal Serial Bus ) , , - . , DVD-ROM ( DVD-RAM). DVD (Digital Video Disk ), , DVD . , 17 ( ). ( , .). Internet, , Web. Windows.

, 1998 Windows 98

Pentium 150 32 . , . AGP, USB, DVD-ROM . Internet: , , , Internet Explorer ( , 4.0 ). . . , Windows Update, , Internet, , , . , ( Windows NT). ? , , , . , , 99% , Windows 98, Windows 98 SE ( ). , . -, , Windows 98 Windows 95 ( ). -, 16 , , -, Windows 98 ( 64 ). -, , , . , Windows 98 SE.

3.4 Windows 98 SE.

1998 , 1999-. 1999 Intel Pentium III ( Pentium II, SSE), Intel i440BX ( Pentium II 350-450 Pentium III 450-600 , Celeron Pentium III 1000 ) i440GX ( Pentium II Xeon Pentium III Xeon). AGP, AGP 2.0. , , , . Windows 98 . 1999 Windows 98 SE (Second Edition ).

. AGP VGARTD . Internet Explorer 5.0, web- , SSE ( , , : Internet , 3- , 50% ). , . .

, , Windows 98 SE Windows 98, .. , .

4.5 Windows ME.

1999 . Intel Pentium III 0.18 . ( 2000 1000 ), - 2- ( ). Intel i820 ( 0.18 Pentium III 500-1000 ), - RDRAM. , : (800 ) 1.6-3.2 / ( PC-100 SDRAM 800 /), , -, - RIMM (RDRAM), 2 , , (64 RIMM 350-400 $, DIMM 65-70$). , , , . , Pentium 4 ( ). , . . -, 1999 AMD Athlon. Intel (1333 Athlon Thunderbird 1500 Pentium 4 ) , ( AMD), EV-6, Alpha, 3Dnow! ( SSE) Athlon Pentium III. (1000 Athlon 35% 1000 Pentium III) Athlon Duron ( Athlon) 2000 . Microsoft -Intel . Windows 98 SE - ( , Linux, UNIX, BeOs ). , ,

2000 Microsoft Windows ME (Millenium Edition ). Windows 9x, , . , . . , 10 , (, , , ). 80 . , . MS-DOS, DOS . Microsoft . -, DOS 1996 . -, ( DOS) , . ( Windows ME ), ( , , Macintosh). :

Internet Explorer 5.5 , , . , . .

Media Player 7 , , , , , , , .

Windows Movie Maker .

AutoUpdate Windows Update.

Windows Windows 3x, Windows 95/98 Windows ME.

: Internet Plug and Play, WIA (Windows Image Acquisition), USB.

, , Windows ME . , 14 2000

Windows, .

4    Windows

4.1 Windows 3.11 for Workgroups.

1993 , , . , . ( , , ). . , , NT, Microsoft 1989 . 3.11 NT, 3.x.

1993 Microsoft Windows 3.11 for Workgroups ( 3.1 for Workgroups ). , ( ), , . 32 ( 30-100 %), ( .). 3.1, ( Windows 95 ). , 286 .

, , Microsoft. , , , , NT, .

4.2       Windows NT 3.1.

, 1989 , , NT 1993 . , , , , 1.0-3.11, 9x. , :

1)   .

2)   .

3)   Windows, , UNIX, POSIX, OS/2 .

, , .

1. , , , , , . - ( ), SMP (Simmetryc MultiProcessing ) NTFS . SMP .

( ), . , NT, IBM PC (, ). , (). , , 2- ( 32- ). , (MS-DOS ).

.

2. (, ), , . : , , , . , , , , . , , : , , . . , NT C2 ( D4, A1). , ( , , ) . -, . ( ) , , , ( ), . , , , . , , ( NTFS).

3. , Microsoft, , UNIX, POSIX, OS/2, Novell NetWare. , ( IBM ) . , NT, , . NT DOS ( 16 Windows ), OS/2, POSIX, UNIX. NT 32 Windows . NT HPFS (High Perfomance File System ), OS/2.

NT (Windows 2000 ), Windows NT 3.1.

1993 . Server Workstation. , , ( Workstation, Server).

386DX.

- 12 (16) .

70 (90) .

VGA .

, , Server 16 ( Sequent Symmetry 750 16 Intel 486DX 50 ). Server . , NT ( Novell NetWare 3.51). Windows 3.1 .

, , Windows. , , ( 486- Pentium ), , . Windows NT 3.51 Server 1997 850 $.

4.3       Windows NT 3.51.

1995 NT 3.51 ( 3.5). . 3.1 3.5 .

Novell NetWare ( ), TCP/IP( Internet, c ), ( 255 , Windows 95) FAT), OLE Drag-and-Drop. . NT ( ), API OpenGL ( API ), UNIX. Windows 3.1.

. NT, . , .

4.4       Windows NT 4.0

NT, . ( , ). NT Windows 3.x Windows 95 ( , Windows 3.x Windows 95 ), , - ( ) . NT ( Windows 95 NT ). , c, Web. , NT ( Windows), . 1996 Windows NT 4.0.

, . , (, ) . . Windows 95. , , , .

, OS/2 ( ). Pentium Pro ( , - P6 Pentium II, Celeron Pentium III - Pentium 4 ). Windows 95 Windows NT 4.0 NT ( ). Web-. .

, , . : . Service Pack- ( NT), 5 ( NT , ). Windows 2000 NT .

4.5       Windows 2000.

1998 , . ( , ). ( 100 ), ( ) . NT , . , 1997 Microsoft NT. , , . - 1999 , 2000 . : Professional, Server, Advanced Server, DataCenter Server. , . Windows 2000 Professional Windows 9x, Windows NT 4.0 Workstation. Windows 2000 Server Windows NT 4.0 Server ( 4- , 8 ). Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows NT 4.0 Server, ( 8 , 32 ). Windows 2000 DataCenter Server ( 32- , 64 ), Interner-. Professional : Windows 2000 Professional Pentium II, Celeron, AMD K6-2, K6-3, 64 ( 128 ). , . , NT: , , . Windows 9x - , Plug & Play. 100% 1999 Windows 2000 Professional. , DVD (6 8 ). , , ( ), , , Web- Internet-.

, , . ( ). , Windows 9x, Windows NT . , , Windows 2000 Professional 250 $ ( Datacenter Server 3000 $). , 100% ( Service Pack 1 Game Compatibility Pack), Windows ME (, 140 $).

5    .

15- Windows . 1985 . , 3.0-9x, NT, , , Microsoft . , NT , OS/2 Novell NetWare. , , , Microsoft . NT 9x 10-12 . NT, , Windows Neptune, ( 1024 , 4 ), , . 64 (Intel Itanium AMD ClawHammer). , IA-64 ( 64 ), , Windows Whister XP(eXPerience). , Internet- ( , ). , , .

1 . 2 Windows ( 1.0 3.1). 2.1 Windows 1.0 3.0. 2.2 Windows 3.1. 3 Windows. 3.1 Windows 95. 3.2 Windows 95 OSR2. 3.3 Windows 98

 

 

 

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