. , , ,

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..

5-

. . , 򠠠 ..

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" " 04.06.2004

.

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2004.

:

1.        

1.1.

1.1.1.

1.1.2.

1.1.3.

1.2.

1.2.1.

1.2.2.

1.2.2.1. M

1.2.2.2.

2.

2.1.

2.1.1.

2.1.2.

2.1.3.

2.1.4.

2.1.5.

2.1.6.

2.1.7.

2.2.

2.2.1. 1

2.2.2. 2

2.2.3. 3

2.2.4. 4

2.2.5. 5

2.2.6. 6

2.2.7. 7

2.3.

2.3.1. Fe(II) ..

2.3.2. Fe(III)

2.3.3. Fe(II) Fe(III) ,

2.3.4.

2.3.5.

2.3.6.

2.3.7.

3.  

3.1.

3.2.

3.3.

3.4.

3.5.

3.6.

3.7.

, ( ) .

( ) , . , , , , . , ( .) [1-8].

, . [8], , , . , , .

, .

, . , .

. .. , , , .

.

. , , , , .

( ) [1-7]. ( ) .

..., , , , .. ..., .. - .

1.   .

 

1.1.

 

1.1.1. .

, , , .

, . -, , . -, , , . , , , - .

. (= 700 750) [9], (>750) [10].

, [11-15], : -, , , -, , , , - [12, 13]. [16] , , [17]:

N n . 0 ~ 0,2 [18].

-, , s r, [13, 19], 30% . -, Fe3O4 , , , Fe3O4, . , Fe3O4 .

, , , , , : , , .. [20] , .

, 650 , . , Vs S . F()3 Mg(OH)2, Vs 2 . , , , .

1.1.2.

- , . . -, . -, - .

, , [21, 22]. .

. (20-50%) Vs S , . . , . , - .

- . , .. . , , , 1012% Vs . , , , , , , . . , , .

, , , . , - , ..

, - .

, . , . , . .

, . , , .

.

, - , , , , , .

1.1.3. 

, , , , .

[10] [23]. , , , .

: . .

, . , , . .

[10] , . , , , .

, : , . , . , , . , , , . , . - , , , . , , , . , .

, , , 2 5 .%.

. , .

, , , , . , , , .

.

. , , , , , .

, , , . , , , .

, .

, .. ( , , , ..).

.

⠠ ; 堠 ⠠ 堠 , ⠠ ,  젠 頠 (~0,001 < / < ~0,5); , , 0 12 . , 堠 , , (. . 77 ), (. 90 ), (195 ), (273 ) ⠠ (⠠ 堠 253 323 ). , , , (, ) - . , . , , . , 90 .

[26, 83] , .

, . , , ( ), . , , . , , . . , , , , , , . . (.1).

. 1. 젠 蠠 蠠 :

1 , 1; 2, 2 (1< 2).

, , . 1, , , . .2. , . , , . , , .

. 2. , .

, :

- .

- , .

- , , , , .

- .

- , .

- , , , . , ; , , .

, I V, , . , . , . . . , , () . . 3.

. 3. (IV) , , () ( VI).

, S-頠 頠 ( II). , , ( IV). , , , . . , , .

. ,   ,  . , . 젠 頠 蠠 (IUPAC) :

1 ,

.

 

,

<2

2-50

>50

(.1.) : , . , , . ; . , - /0 = 1.

. , . , . , , .

. 頠 蠠 . , , .

, , , .

 . . , , . , , . , , . 4.

. 4. : - ; - , 頠 ; - , .

(. . 4) o , 堠 . p = psexp[-2σV/(rRT)] . , , , r. , (. . 4). , . . .

, , . . (. . 46), . p = psexp[-2σV/(rRT)] , . , . (. . 46). , . . . , , (. . 4), , , , p = psexp[-2σV/(rRT)]. , , . , , (. . 4). ( ) . , . .. p = psexp[-σV/(rRT)] . p = psexp[-2σV/(rRT)] , , . , , . . - .

- - . . , .


1.2.    

 

. -, . . , , , , .

( , - ), - .

: -. . - .

1.2.1. .

, (, , , ..) 50-200 Å, , , , .., .

- , , , , . , .

, - , ..

, , . ( ), - , , . . , , [24] : d = 810-6, d = 710-6 d = 2010-6.

. , [25-33].

, . , . , , . , , - . AB , . , , , , . , - ( --, - ) ( ). [34 40].

, [27, 41, 42].

, . () . , ( , ), . . . , , . , , , , , , (, , .) .

, .

, , , . [30] - () ( ).

, , , - .

, , 2δ, . . , - , , .

, - , , , . [21],

δ>>

δ- .

- (δ=20Ǻ) , δ<<δ , , 190Å . , (1020Å) . , , 40160Å, - , , .

, (, , -, - ) . , , . - .

, ( ) . , . , . , : 50-200 Å, , . , , - , , , , , .

 

1.2.2.

() . -, :

- ;

- -.

, (, ) 50 - 200Å. , .

, -. - - . , , , , -. (10 20) (, NH2 ,, S3 ..). , - .

.

 

1.2.2.1. M.

. . , . , .. , 100 . . .., .. . , - , . .

3 [43]. . , , 30-40 % , 20 % . -. , 600 Å. , 100 Å.

, : , , , ; . , , . (, , , .) - (, , , , ), [44-51]. , , , [52-54] - - , . : ,

4FeO ↔ Fe3O4 + Fe

- , . , , , . 1000 40 , , . , .

, , , , . . , , - .

, , , , . - , , , . , . , , .. . , , , , . - , .

.

 

1.2.2.2. .

. , :

- ( );

- . , , , ( ). , , .

. (), , , . , , . , , - . , , , . , , , , , , , - .

: , , , ..

: , , [55-63] .

, [64-70]. - . , , -, . (, ) , 20 300Å.

Fe(CO)5 C2(CO)8 [66-68].

[65] - .

Fe(CO)5 ↔ Fe + 5CO

. (II), , . , , .

.. [40, 71]. - , 1 30 . - , , .

[72] . , 3 %.

. - , , (, .). [73-77].

[75] . - . . . [76] Fe-Ni. = 9,25-9,5. . 200 . 30-1000Å , " " . , [77]. , . .

, .

, , .. , :

- 50-200Å;

- ,

- ,

- ;

- .

- -.

. 5. I - , 2 70-90 . 3 4 . 4.

.5. .

, , 30-100Å, - .

. , . - , . [78] . , , . -. . 6. a , -. , , , , . -. -. - . -, .

.6. .

. , . , , ., - , , . - .

. , , , , . , - [79]. , . -.

- , , , , , . , , , , , -. , , , .

80-90 , . .. ., .., .., .. . . . , , ( ) (HClO4, HNO3 .)

, , .

2.

 

2.1.

 

2.1.1.

- [80].

25,5 FeSO472 ( ) 45 FeCl362, 10%- (.. Fe(II):Fe(III) 1,1:2, .. Fe(II) 10%- ). Fe(II) (II) (1-2 ) H2SO4.

180-200 25%- , 20-25 . =10. =8,5.

, 10%- (FeSO47H2O FeCl36H2O) , . , - . :

FeSO47H2O + 2FeCl36H2O + 8NH3H2O ↔ Fe3O4 + 6NH4Cl + (NH4)2SO4 + 20H2O

, Fe3O4 Fe2O3∙ FeO, , mFe2O3∙nFeO ( n≠m), NH4Cl . l- . , -, .

, , , , , .

2.1.2.

2.1, Fe(II):Fe(III) =2:1

2.1.3. .[81]

. 7. . 1- , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 .

, 2.1.1. ( 9 11 ). 50-60º , , . 2 , , , 0,5 -1 , (F = 4000g).

2.1.4. .

, 2.1.1. , =9,5, (150), 60º , 20 25%- , 10 . 60-70º 1,5 , .

2.1.5.

, 2.1.1. (0,01) , (F = 4000g).

2.1.6. .[82]

, 2.1.1. . 80-100 8-9,5 , ( 1-1,5 ) . (50-60) 1-1,5 . 80-100, 4-5 80-90º . (F = 3400g) 15-20 .

2.1.7. .

, 2.1.6., .

2.2.

2.2.1. 1.

( , ) =8,5 . . .

2.2.2. 2.

Fe(II) Fe(III) =10 . =8,5-9. .

2.2.3. 3.

(, ) ( ; (, )).

2.2.4. 4.

( 2.1.1.) . , .


2.2.5. 5.

(2.2.4.) 2.1.4 2.1.6.

2.2.6. 6.

2.1.1. ( 2.1.3. 2.1.6.) .

2.2.7. 7.

() (. 2.1.3.-2.1.6.) , ( ) .

 

 

 


:


2.3.

 

2.3.1. Fe(II) .[81, 82]

1 1 , 2 HCl 5 , 10 , 0,5 H2SO4 5 . 1 H3PO4, 4 5%- MnSO4, 1 10 . , 20 , 100. 10 .

0,1 KMnO4 . . 1 0,1 KMnO4 0,005585 Fe2+.

2.3.2. Fe/III/ .[81, 82]

1 1 , 2 HCl 5 , 10 , 0,5 H2SO4 5 . 4 5%- MnSO4, 1 10 . , 20 , 100. 10 . 2 KJ.

0,1 Na2S2O3, . . 1 0,1 Na2S2O3 0,005585 Fe3+.

2.3.3. Fe/II/ Fe/III/ , .[81, 82]

1 , , 2 HCl, 10 , 0,5 H2SO4, 4 5%- MnSO4, Fe/II/ 1 H3PO4. Fe/II/ 0,1 KMnO4 ; Fe/III/ 2 KJ 0,1 Na2S2O3 .

, .

2.3.4. .[84]

.8. .

(.8) 1 , 80 . , 2 . 3, . , , 4. , 5, .

, . . , , . 100250 , . 0.5 . . :

,

S ,

Δp = p0 - p1

Δp0 = a0 + b0p1 ( )

p0 p1 .

a, a0, b, b0, S0 .

, . ; , . . . , .

2.3.5. .

2 :

) , .

) , .

, 150-200 Å ( -4, 10-4 ), .

100. - . , .

2.3.6. .

HZG-4A (CoKα ). .

2.3.7. .

"-102" 25-1000 5 /. 1 /, 1/5, 1/15 . , (., ).

3. .

, . ( ) . ( ) .

.

3.1. .

[31], Fe3O4. Fe3O4 γ-Fe2O3. γ- . . , γ- . 74-75˚ 2θ. Fe3O4 74,105˚, γ-Fe2O3 74,723˚.

(.9.) , , =10. nFeOmFe2O3 m>n, γ-Fe2O3.

 

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

. 9. ,

) 2 , ) , =8,5, ) , =10.

 

 

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

. 10. ,

) , ) .

( 10.) , , , , .

, , , , .

 

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

. 11. ) , ) , )

( 2- 3- =8,5) (.11) , Fe2+ Fe3O4 g-Fe2O3. . Fe3O4 g-Fe2O3.

, , , . , .


3.6.     .

- . .2 .12:

2.

- .

. Fe(III)/Fe(), %
2 1 3 1 . 2 1 . 3 . 6 . 1
1 2.1.1. 67 72 78 85 92 96 98 100 100
2 2.1.3. (., ) 70 73 76 78 83 85 88 91 92
3 2.1.6. (, . -) 68 70 73 77 82 84 87 89 90
4 2.2.1. ( + ) 67 71 75 81 87 91 95 97 98
5 2.2.1. (. + ) 67 70 73 79 84 88 91 93 94
6 2.2.3. ( + (., )) 69 72 73 75 78 81 84 86 87
7 2.2.3. (+ (, . -)) 68 71 72 74 76 79 82 84 85

.12. , 2

, . γ- . , , . , Fe2+ 14% , 12. , ,

.. FeO×Fe2O3. , (, ).

( , ( , , )) , () . , . , ( ) . , , , . , , , . (, , ) .

3.3. .

, , .

, .. , .

(.13) , (.14).

. 13. (); ■ , ●

. 14. (), (4); ■ , ●

, :

1.         , IV- . ; .

2.         , . , II- . .

3.         , , . , .


3.4.     

, . , . , . , .

) ) )

.15. : ) ( 40000), ) ( 40000), ) ( 20000)

 

. 16. .

, 20-100 Å.

, ( ). , ( ( [26])) . . ( 20-30 ).

, , (.16,17). , , , . , .

.17. ( + (., ). 6000.

. 18. ( , )

.19. ( (), ).

, 20-100 Å.

3.5. .

2.3.4. , . ( 2500 2/) 1,5 2 , 10 . 12 Fe. ( 1000 2/) ( 1,1 1,2 ; 2 ). ( 30-40 2/) . , .

3.

( )

S, 2/

--- --- 2388
2 --- --- 1055
2 --- --- 36
3 --- --- 255
--- --- --- 80
1224
216
2 896
2 500
1

HNO3

2067
1

HClO4

2129
2 65
3 87

, , , . , S() = 563,762/, S( + (., )) = 489,32 2/.

, , 2.3.4 . , .

.20 . .

. 20.

● (), ■ (), (., )

3.5.      .

( , , ) .

, .. , . , , , , . (, , ) , , , .

.21 , Fe3O4 γ-Fe2O3, .

, /()

,

 

----

----

 
.20. ) , )

4.

w()

μs(σ) .

μs ( . )

1 71 42,1 44,5
2 + (., ) 25 44,3 45,6
3 + 21 30,69 32,0
4 + 23 32,89 34,1
5 + ( 500º 1 ) 23 6,2 6,3
6 18 76,99 77,4
7 (., ) 1,62 3,308 3,38
8 (., ), 7 3,5 5,421 5,56
9 (, ) 13,4 29,78 30,16
10 (, ), 2 12,2 23,55 23,78

5 (.22) , γ-Fe2O3 α-Fe2O3. . , .

, /()

,

.22. 5.

6 (.23). .

, /()

,

.23. 6.

3.7.     .

, (., ).

100º 600º. 300-500º, 400º. . , , (325-330º), γ-Fe2O3 α-Fe2O3 (460-510º). 24-26 , . 120-150º 25 26. , .

4.   .

ü   , ( ). .

ü   - , , .

ü   .

ü   , .

.

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.

, . ( ) . ( ) .

, . , .

 

i i i i ỹ.

Ỹ ỹ i ỹ, i i . i ii (i i i) i i i i. i ( ỹ ) ỹ i i ii .

i i, ii i . i , ỹ ỹii i i i ỹi.

 

 

This work devotes to study the possibility of use the ferrofluids for magnetic sorbents syntheses.

In the present work new methods of reception of the magnetic sorbents, based on use of various magnetic liquids are submitted Use of a liquid material for impregnation of a sorbent (and giving to it thus magnetic properties) favourably distinguishes the way offered by us from described in the literature. Application of various magnetic liquids (as against magnetite the certain structure) allows to vary properties of a received sorbent over a wide range.

Researches have shown, that at magnetization of a sorbent by means of magnetic liquids its specific surface decreases a little bit. Thus, the sorbent gets valuable magnetic properties not losing the individual properties.

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